Footnotes
[1] Max Meisel, A Bibliography of American Natural History: The Pioneer Century, 1769-1865 (New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1967; first published 1924) 11, 206-207.
[2] Leo Lesquereux to J.P. Lesley, 9 January 1852, J.P. Lesley Papers, APS.
[3] William H. Goetzmann, Army Exploration in the American West, 1803-1863 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959) 19.
[4] Robert V. Bruce, The Launching of modern American Science, 1846-1876 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986) 202.
[5] Isaac J. Cox, "An Early Explorer of the Louisiana Purchase," APS Library Bulletin 73 (1846) 73-77.
[6] Charles S. Sydnor, "State Geological Surveys of the Old South," in David K. Jackson, ed., American Studies in Honor of William K. Boyd (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1940) 86-109.
[7] T.N. Gill in Science, n.s. 20 (1904) 321-38.
[8] Susan Delano McKelvey, Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West 1790-1850 (Jamaica Plain, Mass: Arnold Arboretum, 1955) chap. XXVIII.
[9] American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 8 (1849) 146-49; Eugene F. Cordell, The Medical Annals of Maryland, 1799-1899 (Baltimore: Williams &Wilkins, 1903) 383.
[10] Edmund Berkeley and Dorothy S. Berkeley, George William Featherstonhaugh: The First U.S. Government Geologist (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988).
[11] Berkeley and Berkeley, George William Featherstonhaugh, 153-76, 178-79, 202-206.
[12] American Journal of Science, 3d ser., v. 2 (1871) 388-89.
[13] Cordell, The Medical Annals, 298-99.
[14] Mott T. Greene, "History of Geology," Osiris, 2d set. 1 (1985) 97-116.
[15] Meisel, A Bibliography, II, 608.
[16] John M. Clark, James Hall of Albany, Geologist and Palaeontologist, 1811-1898 (Albany: Arno Press, 1978; first published 1923) 101; Howard A. Kelly and Walter L. Burrage, eds., Dictionary of American Medical Biography (New York: Appleton, 1928).
[17] William H. Goetzmann, Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the West (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966) 241-42.
[18] Perley Spaulding, "A Biographical Sketch of Botany at St. Louis, Missouri," Popular Science Monthly 74 (1909) 124-33
[19] APS Proceedings, 3d ser. 14 (1874) 356-58.
[20] APS Proceedings, 3d ser. 29 (1891) 39-42.
[21] David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (New York: Knopf, 1970) 317, 324, 325.
[22] Kelly and Burrage, Dictionary.
[23] APS Proceedings, 3d ser. 20 (1883) 519-28
[24] Popular Science Monthly 54 (1898-99) 721, 834-41
[25] George P. Merrill, The First One Hundred Years of American Geology (New York: Hafner, 1969; first published 1924) 356; American Journal of Science, 3d set. 32 (1886) 412, 487.
[26] Richard H. Eyde, "Expedition Botany: The Making of a New Profession," in Herman J. Viola and Carolyn Margolis, eds., Magnificent Voyagers -- The U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985) chap. 2.
[27] Howard R. Lamar, ed., The Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West (New York: Crowell, 1977).
[28] American Journal of Science, 3d ser., 29 (1885) 169-71.
[29] American Journal of Science, 2d ser., vol. 48 (1869) 294-96.
[30] Charles Sprague Sargent, The Sylva of North America . . . . , 14 vols. (New York: Peter Smith, 1947; first published 1890) vol. 10, p. 18.
[31] Frederick William True, "Exploration Work of the Smithsonian Institution," in George Brown Goode, he Smithsonian Institution 1846-1896. The History of Its First Half Century (Washington, D.C.: 1897) 459-80.
[32] Sargent, The Sylva, vol. 1, p. 82.
[34] Charles S. Sydnor, A Gentleman of the Old Natchez Region, Benjamin L. C. Wailes (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1938) 201-202
[35] Merrill, The First One Hundred Years, 382, n. 55.
[36] Guide to the Smithsonian Archives (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983) 310.
[37] American Journal of Science, Ser. 2, vol. 33 (1862) 453.
[38] Clark A. Elliott, ed., Biographical Dictionary of American Science.... (Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 1979).
[39] Elliott, Biographical Dictionary.
[40] American Journal of Science, 3d ser., 143 (1892) 441-44.
[41] Frederick Starr, "The Academy of Natural Science of St. Louis," Popular Science Monthly 52 (1897-98) 634-35.
[42] John Grant Wilson and John Fiske, eds., Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography (New York: 1887); Elliott, Biographical Dictionary.
[45] American Naturalist 6 (1874) 505-506.
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