The Magellanic Premium of the American Philosophical Society

2004

John E. Carlstrom
for his role in measuring the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background, and especially for his use of instruments based at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station. This work uses the properties of one of the very harshest and most remote of places on the earth's surface to measure the state of our universe, very long ago.

---

2002

Wendy Freedman
for her role in determining the distances to 18 nearby galaxies with unprecedented accuracy, using the Hubble Space Telescope. She was the leader of the Key Project team, an extraordinary effort involving 27 scientists who collaborated to measure the expansion of the universe. Her careful science, strong leadership, and articulate presentations have helped to lead observational cosmology into the 21st century.

---

2000

S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell
for discovering the first four pulsars in 1967, thereby initiating a field of science that has flourished for a third of a century.

---

1997

Bradford W. Parkinson
for essential contributions to creating the Global Positioning System, thereby making the tools for precision navigation available to everyone.

Roger Easton
for essential contributions to creating the Global Positioning System, thereby making the tools for precision navigation available to everyone.

---

1994

Gordon H. Pettengill
One of the foremost radar astronomers of the past half century, who deserves major credit for the emerging picture of Venus, derived from the data gathered by the Magellan Spacecraft.

---

1992

Edward C. Stone
scientific leader of the Voyager grand tour of the solar system planets.

---

1990

Joseph H. Taylor
for confirming Einstein's theory of gravitational waves from a binary star system.

---

1988

George C. Weiffenbach
". . . the entire group at Johns's Hopkins Applied Physics laboratory who devleoped this navigational satellite system, but in particular the first pioneers of the Dopler orbit technique [Guier and Weiffenbach]

William H. Guier
The highly precise system, the Transit Satellite Navigational System.

---

1984

J. Frank Jordon
For his role in the Voyager encounters with Jupiter, Saturn and their Satellite.

---

1980

Martin Lindauer
For studies in the field of animal orientation and flight guidance.

---

1975

Robert Herman
For their prediction of black-body relict radiation from the early "explosion" of the universe.

Ralph A. Alpher
For their prediction of black-body relict radiation from the early "explosion" of the universe.

---

1971

Paul M. Muller
For their discovery of the lunar maseons (mass concentrations) leading to the first detailed gravimetric map of the moon.

William J. Sjogren
For their discovery of the lunar maseons (mass concentrations) leading to the first detailed gravimetric map of the moon.

---

1966

W.H. Pickering
For his leadership in the exploration of the Moon and Venus by jet-propelled vehicles.

---

1961

Edward L. Beach
In recognition of his navigation of the U.S. submarine Triton around the globe.

---

1960

Stuart William Seeley
In recognition of his work on Shoran.

---

1959

Charles Stark Draper
In recognition of his pioneer work in modern inertial navigation.

---

1956

Karl von Frisch
For his studies of animal sense organs and his analysis of dance of bees.

---

1953

Philip Van Horn Weems
In recognition of his invention of methods and instruments for celestial navigation.

---

1952

James G. Baker
In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to theory and practice in optics, and especially for his design of the super-Schmidt meteor cameras.

---

1922

Paul R. Lyman J. Heyl & Briggs
The Earth inductor compass.

---

1887

Lewis M. Haupt
The Physical Phenomena of harbor entrances.

---

1864

Pliny Earle Chase
The Discovery of certain new relation between the solar-and lunar-dirnal, variations of magnetic force and of barometric pressure.

---

1836

James P. Espy
A Theory of Rain.

---

1825

Charles D. Brodie
Invention to repair the sied of ships under the surface of the water.

---

1823

James Ewing
Invention of an improved hydrant.

---

1820

Josiah Chapman
An Improvement in the manufacture of canvas.

---

1809

James Humphreys
A Model and description of steering apparatus.

---

1807

John Garnett
Description and use of a new and simple nautical chart.

---

1804

William Mugford
An account and description of a temporary rudder.

Benjamin Smith Barton
Number of the Pernicious insects of the United States.

---

1794

Nicholas Collin
Description of a speedy elevator.

---

1792

Robert Patterson
An Improvment on metallic conductors or lightning-rods.

William Thornton
Cadmus, or a treatise on the elements of written language...With an Essay on the mode of teaching the surd, or deaf and consequently dumb, to speak.

---

1790

Francis Hopkinson
Description of a Spring-block, designed to assist in sailing.