The Karl Spencer Lashley Award was established in 1957 by a gift from Dr. Lashley, a member of the Society and a distinguished neuroscientist and neuropsychologist. The award is to be made in recognition of work on the integrative neuroscience of behavior. At the time of his death, he was Emeritus Research Professor of Neuropsychology at Harvard University and Emeritus Director of the Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology in Florida. Lashley's contemporaries considered his experimental work as daring and original. His entire scientific life was spent in the study of behavior and its neural basis, or as he phrased it: "the discovery of principles of nervous integration which are as yet completely unknown". His famous experiments on the brain mechanisms of learning, memory and intelligence helped inaugurate the modern era of integrative neuroscience.
Recipients
Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic
"For seminal contributions to the current understanding of prefrontal cortex and its role in working memory and for effectively applying insights from basic biological sciences to mental health."
Mortimer Mishkin
"For his pioneering analysis of the memory and the perceptual systems of the brain, and his seminal contributions to the understanding of the higher nervous system function."
Larry R. Squire
"For his seminal contribution to the delineation of implicit and explicit memory systems in the brain."
Robert H. Wurtz
"For brilliant technical innovations in recording the activity of single visual neurons of alert, behaviorally-trained monkeys that made possible salient scientific discoveries relating individual nerve cells to visual perception and to the generation of eye movement."
Paul Greengard
"For his pioneering work on the molecular basis of signal transduction and vesicle mobilization in nerve cells."
Seymour Kety
"For major contributions to understanding the genetics of schizophrenia and depression, and for developing reliable methods for studying cerebral blood flow which paved the way for PET imaging of brain activity."
Sanford L. Palay
"For pioneering the study of the nervous system on the ultrastructural level, for revolutionizing understanding, and especially for his seminal contribution - characterization of the chemical synapse in the central nervous system."
Viktor Hamburger
"For pioneering the study of neuroembryology, and especially the landmark contributions to understanding neural cell death, nerve growth factor, and the developmental program for motor behavior."
Bela Julesz
"For his illuminating discoveries concerning the human visual capacity, particularly for stereoscopic vision, depth perception, and pattern recognition."
Gian Franco Poggio
"For discoveries of visual cortical mechanisms in stereopsis and depth perception which have significantly influenced modern studies of the brain mechanisms in vision."
Seymour Benzer
"A pioneer in using genetic techniques to study the genetic code and the transfer of information from DNA to proteins. By a brilliant selection of suitable experimental systems, he has succeeded over the last twenty years in advancing these techniques and applying them to the analysis of development and behavior. These contributions have greatly expanded the power of the genetic approach in neurobiology and fostered a merger between molecular biology and neurobiology that is having profound consequences on every aspect of the field."
Louis Sokoloff
"For his elucidation of the physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of the brain and the application of these discoveries to the measurement of functional activity within that organ."
Pasko Rakic
"For his seminal contributions to the field of developmental neurobiology through research on the development of the central nervous system."
David Bodian
"In recognition of his fundamental neurobiological studies studies that laid the foundation for the successful development of a vaccine against polio myetitis. He has continued to make important discoveries in the development and structure of the nervous system."
W. Maxwell Cowan
"For his long record of important contributions to understanding the embryological development of the brain."
Edward V. Evarts
Herbert H. Jasper
