Series I consists of Anthony F.C. Wallace's correspondence, primarily professional, interspersed with personal letters. Reflecting Wallace's meticulous attention to detail, the correspondence includes almost all outgoing as well as incoming letters. The 2048 correspondents include anthropologists and historians, both professional and amateur; American Indians, government officials, military officers, students, publishers, and readers of his work. Subjects include technological, social, and cultural change; Seneca and Iroquois history and culture; revitalization movements; personality and culture; linguistics; Delaware County history; and Pennsylvania coal region history, the University of Pennsylvania, and psychiatric research, particularly in relation to schizophrenia.

Wallace corresponded most extensively with his father Paul, anthropologist William N. Fenton, local historian Merle H. Deardorff of Warren County, Pennsylvania, and Ralph W. Burhoe, founder of Zygon and the Institute for the Study of Religion in an Age of Science. Other significant correspondents include his early mentors Frank G. Speck and A. Irving Hallowell and colleagues Francis K. Hsu, Raymond D. Fogelson, and Francis Jennings.

The correspondence between Anthony and Paul Wallace, with topics ranging from anthropological and historical research to family matters, provides a rare glimpse into the personal and professional relationship between two generations of an academic family. Spanning the first twenty years of Anthony Wallace's career, the correspondence shows the gradual evolution of Paul and Anthony's relationship from one of father/mentor and son to one of professional colleagues. The family correspondence also includes letters between Anthony and his brother David during World War II and letters from his father Paul A.W. Wallace to other family members, one of which describes the infant Anthony a few days after his birth.

The correspondence with Fenton and Deardorff contains detailed discussions of Iroquois history and culture and reflects not only their admiration and respect for one another but also the varied opinions of Iroquoian scholars. Particularly noteworthy examples include Fenton and Wallace's disagreement with regard to the Indian wampum controversy and Deardorff's occasionally sharp and uncompromising criticism of Wallace's work, particularly with regard to his statements regarding Cornplanter's life and family. The Deardorff correspondence, some of which also appears in Series II, also includes intriguing analyses of the lineage and clan memberships of Cornplanter, Handsome Lake, Blacksnake, and others based on their names and references to them and other family members.

The extensive correspondence with Ralph Burhoe is not as unlikely as it might initially appear, given Wallace's interests in religion and science. In lengthy and detailed letters, Burhoe discussed Wallace's theories of mazeway resynthesis as applied to religious inspiration and described his own attempts to reconcile religious belief with scientific knowledge, which led to the founding of Zygon and the Institute for the Study of Religion in an Age of Science.

The disappointingly spare correspondence with Hallowell reveals little, consisting largely of administrative material relating to the University of Pennsylvania. The letters between Speck and Wallace, although less extensive than one might hope due to their unfortunately short association that ended with Speck's death in 1950, still provide insight into one of Wallace's most influential professional relationships and complement the extensive Speck materials at the APS. Despite a few reservations regarding Wallace's psychological analysis of Teedyuscung, the only book-length Wallace work Speck lived to see, Speck's support for Wallace's work shines through in his encouraging and complimentary words regarding an early draft.

Hsu's correspondence includes discussions of kinship terminology and linguistic analysis interwoven with personal letters that reveal a warm friendship, with several references to family visits. As might be expected, correspondence with colleagues Fogelson and Jennings include reviews of each other's drafts, some of which appear in the correspondence and elsewhere in the collection. The Jennings correspondence reflects their frequent differences of interpretation

Other interesting and noteworthy correspondents include Tuscarora Indian Mina Brayley Smith, whom Wallace met during his research in the late 1940s, Bancha Chittibhol, a student who maintained contact with Wallace after her return to Thailand and sent a great deal of material relating to Thai culture, and Margaret Kint, who described her personal experiences with schizophrenia and became an advocate for research into the biological aspects of schizophrenia.

Additional correspondence regarding particular research topics or institutions and committees with which Wallace was affiliated may be found in Series II, VI, VII, VIII, and IX, including additional correspondence with Merle Deardorff, Robert Scherr, and others that Wallace kept with the materials to which it pertained.

The largest series in the collection, Series II contains Anthony F.C. Wallace's research notes, drafts, photocopies of primary source material from various repositories, and correspondence that he filed with his research notes. The six subseries reflect Wallace's arrangement of his materials, which are also reflected in the organization of bibliographies in his respective works.

Notes and drafts from Wallace's research among the Seneca and Tuscarora Indians. Materials include field notes, notes and photocopies from primary and secondary sources, and several issues of the Allegany Reservation newsletter Oh-Ho-Ye-Noh (1970-1972). Although restrictions exist on the Tuscarora Rorschach tests because of the sensitive personal information revealed, the series includes unrestricted censored versions and summary reports as well as the published work Modal Personality of the Tuscarora Indians as Revealed in the Rorschach Test.

Correspondence that Wallace filed with his notes also appears in Series II A, which includes correspondence with local historian Merle H. Deardorff of the Warren County (Pa.) Historical Society. The Deardorff correspondence contains detailed descriptions of Iroquois (particularly Seneca) history and culture, with thorough discussions and analyses of the lives of Cornplanter, Handsome Lake, and Blacksnake, and other Indians of New York State and Pennsylvania.

Related Indian materials appear in Subseries B, Revitalization and Culture; Series III, Bibliographic Notecards, which includes card files of primary and secondary source notes; Series XI, Photographs, which contains Indian reservation photographs taken by Wallace and his father, and in the Paul A.W. Wallace portion of the collection.

Notes and drafts from Wallace's research on revitalization movements, personality and culture, cognition and culture, and religion. Materials include handwritten notes, photocopies of primary and secondary sources, and componential analyses of linguistic terminology. Some material overlaps with that in Subseries A, Indian Research.

Notes and drafts relating to Wallace's study of technological innovation and its interaction with social and cultural change. Materials include handwritten notes, photocopies of primary and secondary sources, and several papers from conferences and talks on technology and social change.

Materials from Anthony F.C. Wallace's research on the Rockdale area of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, particularly with regard to its mills and industries, but also including extensive information on well known families such as the Smiths and du Ponts. The Rockdale subseries includes notes, extensive photocopies of primary and secondary sources, papers from conferences and talks on Rockdale, Delaware County, and industrialization, student seminar papers related to industrialization and Delaware County history, and the original handwritten manuscript of Rockdale.

A unique item also appears with the Rockdale materials: an original 19th century account book from the Sharpless-Worrall company, which apparently supplied mills with raw materials and equipment. Several familiar Delaware County names such as Lammot, Pennell, Willcox, and others appear in the book.

Series III, Notecards, contains information on bibliographic sources for Rockdale and census data on Rockdale area families. Series XI, Photographs contains over 300 photographs and over 3000 slides of textile mills and machinery and the Rockdale area, a dream collection for historians of industrialization and Delaware County.

Materials from Anthony F.C. Wallace's research on the St. Clair, Schuylkill County area of the Pennsylvania coal region, including notes, drafts, photocopies of primary and secondary sources of material relating to Pennsylvania coal region history and detailed analyses of census data for the town of St. Clair, and papers from conferences and talks on St. Clair, Schuylkill County, industrialization, and the role of the hero, particularly as represented by the industrialist, in 19th century America.

A valuable central resource for the study of Pennsylvania coal region history, with copies of rare items from repositories and libraries throughout Pennsylvania, the St. Clair subseries contains a wealth of material on coal mining, coal miners and labor organizations, Schuylkill County and Pennsylvania coal region history and the Molly Maguire crimes and trials. In addition to photocopies of most major 19th and 20th century sources on coal region history, arranged by author, the series contains primary source materials culled from several area repositories. These include deeds, correspondence, and other materials from Pennsylvania families as the Wetherills, Careys, and others influential in coal region history as well as notes and correspondence relating to the Pinkerton National Detective Agency's investigation of the Molly Maguires.

The St. Clair subseries also includes three linear feet of photocopies of Miners' Journal newspaper articles from 1830 to 1878, which Wallace and his wife Betty extracted and arranged by subject, thereby creating an index of sorts for a publication that has no known index.

Series III, Notecards, contains additional information on bibliographic sources for St. Clair, census data on St. Clair families, notes on prominent Schuylkill County individuals, and an alphabetical card file of miners injured and killed, which provides a less time-consuming alternative to researching the chronologically-arranged state mine accident reports for St. Clair. Series XI, Photographs, includes over 100 photo reproductions of 19th century prints and photographs depicting coal mining and the Pennsylvania coal region from the Historical Society of Schuylkill County.

Index cards with notes on primary and secondary sources for Anthony F.C. Wallace's research on American Indians, Arctic Hysteria (Piblokto), Rockdale, St. Clair, and Indian claims.

Manuscripts, reprints, and reviews by Anthony F.C. Wallace. Works range from his earliest childhood writings to published writings.

Manuscripts, reprints, and reviews by colleagues of Anthony F.C. Wallace. Most works by others appear throughout other series; this series consists of those that Anthony F.C. Wallace maintained separately.

Materials relating to Anthony F.C. Wallace's private consulting work and his affiliation with various professional organizations, government agencies, and committees from 1951 through 1995, including minutes, reports, correspondence, and other administrative records for the following:

• American Academy of Arts and Sciences
• American Anthropological Association (President, 1971-1972)
• American Association for the Advancement of Science: Chairman, Section H
• American Philosophical Society: Committee on Library
• Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Mental Health Research Foundation: Research Advisory Committee
• Foundation's Fund for Research in Psychiatry: Board of Directors
• National Institute of Mental Health: Behavioral Science Study Section
• National Institute of Mental Health: Fellowship Review Panel, Behavioral Sciences
• National Research Council: Committee on Disaster Studies
• National Research Council: Division of Behavioral Sciences
• National Science Foundation: Social Science Research Advisory Committee, (chairman 1970-1971)
• New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute: Technical Advisory Committee
• Philadelphia Housing Authority (Philadelphia, Pa.)
• Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior
• U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment : Space Program Advisory Panel
• U.S. Office of Education: Environment Panel, Cooperative Research Program
• U.S. Office of Education: Research Advisory Council
• U.S.-U.S.S.R. Commission on the Social Sciences and the Humanities (sponsored by American Council of Learned Societies): U.S. Subcommission on Anthropology
• Veterans Administration Hospital (Perry Point, Md.)
• Woodrow Wilson Center, Smithsonian Institution: Advisory Council, Program in American History and Culture

Although the committee files contain a great deal of routine administrative correspondence, most include reports of interest to those researching American society and culture in the mid to late 20th century. The American Anthropological Association records contain extensive information on the controversy sparked by government efforts to recruit anthropologists for counterinsurgency efforts in politically volatile nations such as Thailand and include several copies of "underground" or independent political publications. The U.S.-U.S.S.R. records include papers by Russian anthropologists and several items published in the Russian language.

Materials relating to Anthony F.C. Wallace's affiliation with the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute (E.P.P.I.) from 1955-1980. The series includes notes and reprints relating to psychiatric research as well as administrative materials and correspondence relating to E.P.P.I.'s Clinical Research Department.

The psychiatric research includes material on the physiological, genetic, social, and cultural aspects of psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Material relating to Eskimos and the study of arctic hysteria (piblokto), which shares some similarities with Seasonal Affective Disorder, also comprises a significant portion of the series and includes information on the psychological effects of nutritional deficiencies such as hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. The series also includes an early paper on premenstrual tension. Although about one-third of the series consists of restricted materials such as tapes and transcripts of personality and family studies conducted at E.P.P.I., the unrestricted portion provides detailed information on the clinical research department of a psychiatric hospital in the mid 20th century as well the relationship between physiological and psychological disorders.

Materials relating to Anthony F.C. Wallace's half century of affiliation with the University of Pennsylvania, excluding committee work, which appears in Series VI. Materials include notes and syllabi for courses taken (1946-1950) and taught (1948-1988) by Wallace at the University of Pennsylvania, 1946-1985 and student dissertations for which Wallace served as advisor. Anthropological instructors include Frank G. Speck, A. Irving Hallowell, Theodore Stern, Wilton Krogman, Froehlich Rainey, Loren Eiseley, Frederica de Laguna, and Linton Satterthwaite. Particularly significant are notes for courses taught by Frank G. Speck, as Speck's papers include little material relating to his University of Pennsylvania tenure.

Materials relating to Anthony F.C. Wallace's extensive research as an expert witness during the Indian Claims Commission hearings, in which various Indian nations attempted to reclaim land taken from them by the federal government. The subseries includes Wallace's notes, photocopies of and extensive typewritten transcriptions of primary and secondary sources relating to American Indians, treaties, and land settlements; trial transcripts, and associated correspondence with attorneys, Indians, and the Indian Claims Commission.

Materials related to Anthony F.C. Wallace's personal life, including autobiographical notes; diaries from his military service during World War II, histories of his paternal and maternal families; two "early manuscripts" from 1930, high school and church information from Annville, Pennsylvania, and other miscellaneous items. The series also includes professional items that Wallace filed with his personal information, such as certificates and awards; recommendations from professors, employment offers, and letters of appointment for positions at the University of Pennsylvania.

Maps associated with Anthony F.C. Wallace's research on the Seneca and Tuscarora Indians, Indian nations throughout the United States during research for hearings of the Indian Claims Commission, the Rockdale area of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, the St. Clair area of the Pennsylvania coal region, and from his anthropological coursework at the University of Pennsylvania from 1947-1951.

Not individually catalogued

Photographs associated with Paul A.W. Wallace's fieldwork among the Indians of Pennsylvania, New York State, and Ontario and Anthony F.C. Wallace's research (1947-1985) on American Indians, industrialization, the Rockdale area of Delaware County, Pennsylvania and the St. Clair area of the Pennsylvania coal region, and Wallace family photograph albums. Original photographs of Indians taken by Paul and Anthony Wallace comprise a relatively small but valuable portion of the series. The bulk of the photographs represent Wallace's Rockdale research, with over 300 photographs and over 3,000 slides of textile mills and machinery and the Rockdale area. A relatively smaller but significant portion of the series consists of photo reproductions of 19th century prints and photographs depicting coal mining and the Pennsylvania coal region from the Historical Society of Schuylkill County.

The seven personal and family photograph albums include three family albums with histories written by Paul A.W. Wallace, two written by his father Francis Huston Wallace, and a scrapbook and World War II album compiled by Anthony F.C. Wallace. The photographs include images of Wallace ancestors, homes, and the Wallace family library; photographs of the Paul A.W. Wallace family, including photographs of Anthony Wallace and his brother David from childhood through adulthood; and photographs of the Anthony F.C. Wallace family from the 1940s through the 1960s.

The family albums provide a rare glimpse into the personal life of two American scholars as well as a documentation of an American family in the 19th and 20th centuries. The World War II album not only documents the military service of an American soldier, but also graphically depicts the Germany of 1945; subjects include landscapes, bombed buildings, German soldiers, concentration camp ovens and a grisly image of a charred foot.

One rare and unusual photograph also appears in the series: a photograph of Albert Einstein with Anthony Wallace's aunt, taken aboard a ship during a trip abroad to renew his passport.

Wallace Family papers, Native American Images note : Nearly 4,000 black and white silver gelatin photographs; black and white negatives; pencil and ink sketches; photomechanical prints; news clipping photographs; watercolor paintings; postcards; color slides; and maps of Iroquois tribes of the Six Nations Confederacy, particularly Tuscarora and Mohawk, from 1932-1977. Images represent the research of Paul A. W. Wallace and Anthony F. C. Wallace, father and son anthropologist. Paul’s photograph collection presents traditional ethnographic images of social life and customs: dwellings, ceremonies, utensils, clothing, and individual portraits of Iroquois, with half of the material attributed to Akwesasne Mohawk Ray Fadden (Tehanetorens). Anthony’s ethno-psychological emphasis is displayed in images of arctic hysteria suffered by Inuits and traditions of Tuscaroran culture. Of particular interest, pictographs by Lawrence H. Leder of Robert Livingston Indian records, watercolor paintings by Ray Fadden’s son John, original drawings by Seneca Jesse Cornplanter and Tuscaroran Nellie Gansworth, and tintype and carte de visite portraits. Photographs taken by the Wallaces, except where noted. Images can be found in Paul Wallace’s Correspondence, Series I; Anthony Wallace’s Indian research, Series IIa; Graphic Series and Oversize collection. Oversize maps include Native American linguistic and tribal settlement distributions in northeastern United States and southeastern Canada from 1525-1850. Some references in Freeman’s Guide to manuscripts relating to the American Indian and the manuscript sketch files.