Frank G. Speck Papers
1903-1950
(15.5 linear feet)

Ms. Coll. 126

© American Philosophical Society
105 South Fifth Street * Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386

American Philosophical Society

105 South Fifth Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
Table of contents Abstract
Anthropologist and ethnographer Frank Gouldsmith Speck was unique among Franz Boas' early graduate students at Columbia University. Unlike other ethnographers of his time who focused their studies on the Western Indian tribes, Speck chose to study the cultures of the Eastern Woodland Indians. Becoming the self-appointed salvage ethnographer for those tribes, Speck was regularly with the Indians he studied, collecting all aspects of their culture.

The Frank G. Speck Papers consist of 15.5 linear feet of Speck's professional correspondence, field notes, lecture notes, and manuscripts of published and unpublished works. The material focuses on the Eastern Woodlands Indians, particularly the Catawba, Cherokee, Creek, Delaware, Houma, Iroquois, Labrador Eskimo, Mantagnais-Naskapi, Nanticoke, Penobscot, Powhatan, Algonkian, and Yuchi. The collection is divided into two subcollections: Subcollection 1 is comprised of Speck's research material and correspondence, and Subcollection 2 consists of his manuscripts and related correspondence. The two subcollections were acquired separately by the Society, and were originally cataloged as the Frank G. Speck Papers (572.97 Sp3) and the Frank G. Speck Manuscripts on Native Americans (970.3 Sp3p) respectively.
Background note
Frank G. Speck
Frank G. Speck

Anthropologist and ethnographer Frank Gouldsmith Speck was unique among Franz Boas' early graduate students at Columbia University. Unlike other ethnographers of his time who focused their studies on the Western Indian tribes, Speck chose to study the cultures of the Eastern Woodland Indians. Becoming the self-appointed salvage ethnographer for those tribes, Speck was regularly with the Indians he studied collecting all aspects of their culture.

Although he spent the majority of his career in the field, Speck did not come from a rural background. Born in Brooklyn, NY on November 8, 1881 Speck spent the first seven years of his life in the city, a fragile and sickly child. As was common at the time, Speck's parents felt that a rural environment would be better for their son's health, and in 1888 placed him in the care of family friend Fidelia Fielding, living in Mohegan, CT. Fielding was a widow, a Native American, and the last speaker of her tribal language in New England. While with Fielding the seeds for many of Speck's professional interests were laid as she tutored him in nature, natural history, English literature, and Mohegan language and literature. At age fourteen Speck returned to his family, now living in Hackensack, NJ.

When Speck entered Columbia University at the turn of the century, he had not settled on a career - though he was leaning towards the ministry. That changed when he enrolled in a language course with the eminent linguist John Dyneley Prince. During the class Prince became fascinated by Speck's ability to provide first hand information on Native American languages long thought to be dead - particularly Pequot-Mohegan and Delaware-Mohican. Before graduating, Speck and Prince co-authored three articles. Prince also introduced Speck to anthropologist Franz Boas, who had begun his tenure at the helm of Columbia's anthropology department less then a decade earlier. Through Boas and Prince's encouragement Speck decided to pursue a career in anthropological linguistics, and after receiving his A.B. in 1904 started his graduate work under Boas. Speck was one of Boas' first graduate students and was one of a generation of anthropologists (along with Margaret Mead, Elsie Clews Parsons, Alfred Kroeber, Paul Raden, and Ashley Montagu) to learn and promote the Boasian approach to anthropology. Under Boas, Speck began his fieldwork among the Yuchi Indians of Oklahoma in 1904, receiving his M.A. from Columbia a year later. Speck initially planned to continue with graduate studies at Columbia with Boas until he was awarded a George Leib Harrison Research Fellowship from the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania in 1907. Leaving Columbia for the University Museum, Speck received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1908 and remained in Philadelphia for the rest of his career.

When Speck first arrived at Penn he was appointed as an instructor and assistant in general ethnology, working and teaching out of the Museum. Since the University did not have an independent department of anthropology at that time, courses were taught either out of the University Museum or the Department of Religion. During these early years Speck continued with his field work, which eventually put him at odds with the Museum's director, George Byron Gordon. Gordon wanted Speck to focus less on fieldwork and more on public and social functions important to fundraising at the museum. The feud between Gordon and Speck led to a number of incidents, including the confiscation of Speck's Penobscot manuscript (which was eventually published in 1940 as Penobscot Man). Finally in 1911 Speck was fired from the University Museum, only to be hired by the University as an assistant professor to replace Daniel Garrison Brinton. Two years later Speck became acting chair of the new Department of Anthropology, and chair in 1925.

It was not long after arriving in Philadelphia that Speck began his study of the Algonkians of the Eastern Woodlands. Speck went on to study the Algonkians of Delaware, the tribes of tidewater Virginia, the Cherokee in the Southeast, and the Iroquois, especially their ceremonialism. Speck's work among the Eastern tribes was indicative of his efforts to record dying languages and cultures. In many regards Speck was ahead of his time with his efforts to document the ways of life for relatively acculturated tribes, an idea which many anthropologists disdained. The eastern tribes had been overrun by European settlers during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries and were largely destroyed by war, famine, and disease. Those who had survived were pushed westward and were absorbed by other tribes. As a result the majority of information regarding these tribes was historical not ethnographic. However, Speck viewed ethnology as a fluid field that was unlimited, and not a fixed study of past cultures. Further, he was never overly concerned with high-level generalizations or interpretations of his subject but focused more on recording well-attested facts. During his research Speck looked for variations that would turn up as he collected empirical data, and then would modify his original concept. To that end, Speck was not satisfied with providing a generalized picture of a tribe. He studied a tribe's language, technology, decorative art, myths and tales, religious belief, ceremonialism, social organization, music, and hunting territories. Speck also chose to focus on a tribe's link to nature, with ethnobiology, material culture, and uses of the environment playing major themes in his work.

Another integral part of Speck's fieldwork was collecting material culture. His love for collecting artifacts in the field was motivated by the special problems in which he became interested from time to time. Occasionally, Speck's interest in arts and crafts drew him within the borders of archeology. He would also have replicas made by Indians of objects no longer in daily use. Speck kept a number of objects in his office at the University, but most of the artifacts were sold to public museums, arriving heavily annotated as to their context within their culture group. Among the institutions to receive artifacts from Speck were the: Museum of the American Indian (now the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the American Indian), American Museum of Natural History, Peabody Museum, Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Cranbrook Institute of Science, Denver Art Museum, National Museum of Canada, Royal Ontario Museum, Pitt Rivers Museum - University of Oxford, and Danish National Museum.

What made Speck successful in his research was the method he used in the field. Speck was a "bedside ethnologist," staying with the people all day, eating with them, learning their language, and sleeping in the village. This sense of ease and intimate form of fieldwork allowed Speck to gain the trust of the tribes, facilitating his collection of data. In fact, Speck was much more at ease among Indians, who were as much a part of his private life as his professional life than among Philadelphia society. He was rarely away from Indians for more than a month, going off to conduct field work when the opportunity presented itself, often without notice.

During the later years of his career, Speck began to study Iroquois ceremonialism. He felt that despite the vast material written on the Iroquois, very little was known about the diversity and characteristics of the cultures of the groups that made up the Six Nations. Also in his later years Speck was battling a failing heart and kidney disease, though this did not stop him from going into the field. It was during his trip to Red House, N.Y. in January 1950 to witness the Seneca perform their mid-winter rites that he became seriously ill. After returning to Philadelphia, Speck died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania on February 6 at the age of 68.


Scope and content
The Frank G. Speck Papers consist of 15.5 linear feet of professional correspondence, field notes, lecture notes, and manuscripts of published and unpublished works. The material focuses on the Eastern Woodlands Indians, particularly the Catawba, Cherokee, Creek, Delaware, Houma, Iroquois, Labrador Eskimo, Mantagnais-Naskapi, Nanticoke, Penobscot, Powhatan, Algonkian, and Yuchi. The collection is divided into two subcollections: Subcollection 1 is comprised of Speck's research material and correspondence, and Subcollection 2 consists of his manuscripts and related correspondence. The two subcollections were acquired separately by the Society, and were originally cataloged as the Frank G. Speck Papers (572.97 Sp3) and the Frank G. Speck Manuscripts on Native Americans (970.3 Sp3p) respectively.

Subcollection I is divided into two series. Series I came to the Library shortly after Speck's death in 1950 from Mrs. Frank G. Speck (with later additions from William N. Fenton and John Witthoft). Ninety-five percent of the material relates to North American tribes east of the Mississippi. The material was arranged by Anthony F. C. Wallace, and described in "The Frank G. Speck Collection" in The Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Vol. 95, pp. 286-89). According to Wallace, the Speck collection is an important ethnographic source material to those working on Eastern Woodlands Indian cultures since it constitutes a valuable body of unpublished data. In addition, the collection documents a significant chapter in the history of American science. As an early student of Franz Boas, Speck's work represents the first generation of American ethnographers to pursue the kind of research Boas encouraged and taught (a patient, detailed description of a primitive culture based on long and intimate residence with the community). Of particular interest are Speck's Columbia lecture notes from classes he took with Boas. Speck's field notes further indicate his method of study, in which casualness was itself unconsciously a technique for creating "rapport." Speck scribbled information on envelopes, scraps of paper, road maps, and old letters - in addition to ledger books and tablets.

When it came to organize the material, Wallace found the classification and ordering of the material to be "somewhat difficult." The collection could not be organized chronologically since Speck collected material over long periods of time prior to publication and did not date the material. It was also not feasible to organize the collection based on whether the notes were published or unpublished as it was not uncommon for Speck to have both types of information on opposite sides of the same piece of paper. Wallace concluded that a researcher consulting the Speck papers would be interested in a particular area or tribe, and would be familiar with the printed material on the subject. It was therefore decided to organize the material according to culture area, tribe, and community. The majority of this material has been described in John Freeman and Murphy Smith's Guide to Manuscripts Relating to the American Indian (1966) and Daythal Kendall's Supplement to Guide to Manuscripts Relating to the American Indian (1982). With the prominence of these two publications, it was decided to keep the initial organization and folder identification numbers of the collection when it was recataloged. Item descriptions from the Freeman/Smith and Kendall guides are designated with F&S and the entry number from the guide.

Series II of Subcollection I was initially labeled as biographical material, and organized separately in six boxes. This material arrived at the APS after Wallace had completed his organization in the 1950s. The series is predominantly correspondence to and from Speck regarding research topics, as well as other professional matters. When the collection was recataloged it was decided to reorganize it alphabetically by correspondent. Some of the items have been described in the Freeman/Smith and Kendall guides, the remainder were described when the collection was reprocessed.

Subcollection II was a gift of Mrs. Frank G. Speck, and initially housed at the Delaware County Institute of Science. The collection was eventually transferred to the Society in several accessions between 1971 and 1993, and processed in 1996 by Miriam B. Spectre and Timothy T. Wilson on a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The collection is arranged in four series: correspondence, works by Speck, field notes, and photographs. Series II: Works by Speck, constitute the bulk of the material. At 4.5 linear feet, the series contains manuscript and typescript drafts, galley proofs, and page proofs of published and unpublished articles, reviews and books by Speck. The folders are arranged by title, with reviews being entered under the title of the book or article which is the subject. Series I: Correspondence contains four letters relating to publications by Speck, research material, Indian specimens, and Linton Satterthwait's summer research with John Alden Mason. Series III: Field Notes is one folder of undated material labeled "Delaware Social Dance Bustle", and Series IV contains four folders of photographs that appear to have been published by Speck.

Arrangement
Subcollection 1. Frank Speck Papers 1897-1950 10 linear feet
Subcollection 2. Manuscripts on Native Americans 1913-1946 5.5 linear feet

Administrative information
Restrictions
None.

Provenance
Presented by Mrs. Frank Speck, 1950-1982, with additions by William N. Fenton, 1951, and John Witthoft, 1952.

Preferred citation
Cite as: Frank G. Speck Papers, American Philosophical Society.

Processing information
Recatalogued by J.J. Ahern, 2004.

Other finding aids
Freeman, John F.A Guide to Manuscripts Relating to the American Indian in the Library of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1966) Call no. 506.73 Am4me v.65

Kendall, Daythal A supplement to A Guide to Manuscripts Relating to the American Indian in the Library of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1982) Call no. 506.73 Am4me v.65s

Additional information
Related material
The American Philosophical Society Library contains several other collections from Frank Speck or that relate to him in some way. The collection of photographs and drawings (ca. 1800s-mid 1900s; ca. 5000 items) from the Speck papers have been removed and inventoried separately. The images are mainly from Speck's own collection, and focus on the United States and Canada, but there are also photographs concerning peoples of Mexico, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania. Additional Speck material includes the Speck Cherokee Collection (572.97 Sp3L) which consists of diaries, accounts, and medicinal texts in Cherokee collected by Will West Long and Morgan Calhoun, accompanied by notes by Speck and John Witthoft. In the material are several diaries kept by Long (mostly 1904-1917), records of the Gadugi (a Cherokee mutual aid group), accounts, records of births and deaths at Big Cove, and material collected on Cherokee botany by James Mooney in 1887. Several of the items contain information on Cherokee medicine, including formulae and curing charms. The Speck Catawba Texts (497.3 Sp3) concern myths, history, birds, reptiles, signs and omens, remedies, marriage, poverty, industry, food, charms, taboos, etc. The texts have both free and interlinear English translations. The Speck-Choate Photograph Collection (B Sp3c) contains photographs taken by J. N. Choate, a local commercial photographer in Carlisle, Pa. and collected by Speck. Typical images include "before and after" shots of students in native dress and school uniforms, the school band, and shots of the students at work in the saddle shop and making shoes. Choate also took a number of images of visiting chiefs in traditional dress, including the Lakota chief Spotted Tail, and the Cheyennes Man on Cloud and Mad Wolf. One photograph depicts Richard Henry Pratt seated with Quaker supporters. Among the tribes represented are the Lakota, Laguna, Cheyenne, Creek, Lipan, and Pueblo.

Other collections in the Library which relate to Frank Speck include the Franz Boas Papers (B B61), as well as Boas' other students Elsie Clews Parsons (Ms. Coll. 29), Paul Radin (497.3 R114), and Ashley Montagu (Ms. Coll. 109). Speck's colleagues are represented by the William Fenton Papers (Ms. Coll. 20), and the John Alden Mason Papers (B M384). The Library also holds the papers of some of Speck's students in the George S. Snyderman Papers (Ms. Coll. 51), Anthony F.C. Wallace Papers in the Wallace Family Papers (Ms. Coll. 64), and the Alfred I. Hallowell Papers (Ms. Coll. 26). Listings for additional Native American collections can be found in the online guide American Indian Manuscripts in the American Philosophical Society.

Outside of the Society Library, Speck material can be found at the University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives in the Frank G. Speck Papers. This 1.5 linear foot collection consists of correspondence and field reports dating between 1908-1950 for anthropological work with Indians of northeastern and southeastern United States, including the original manuscript for Penobscot Man

References
Blankenship Roy, ed. The Life and Times of Frank G. Speck, 1881-1950 . Philadelphia : Dept. of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 1991. Call. No. B Sp35b

Added entries
Subjects
  • Abenaki Indians
  • Algonquian Indians
  • Anthropology
  • Athapascan Indians
  • Beothuk Indians
  • Catawba Indians
  • Caughnawaga Indians
  • Cayuga Indians
  • Cherokee Indians
  • Circumboreal
  • Committee for International Research in Arctic Ethnology
  • Cree Indians
  • Creek Indians
  • Delaware Indians
  • Double Curve Motif
  • Eskimo
  • Ethnography
  • Hokan-Coahuiltecan languages
  • Iroquois Indians
  • Kansas Indians
  • Kaw Indians
  • Malecite Indians
  • Mende (African People)
  • Micmac Indians
  • Mistassini Indians
  • Mohawk Indians
  • Montagnais Indians
  • Nanticoke Indians
  • Naskapi Indians
  • Native American culture
  • Native American linguistics
  • Native American lore & legends
  • Nottoway Indians
  • Ojibwa Indians
  • Oklahoma Delaware Indians
  • Omaha Indians
  • Pamunkey Indians
  • Passamaquoddy Indians
  • Penobscot Indians
  • Pequot Indians
  • Seneca Indians
  • Shawnee Indians
  • Sherbro (African People)
  • Tète-de-Boule Indians
  • Tuscarora Indians
  • Wawenock Indians
  • Wiyot-Yorok
  • Yao (African People)
  • Yuchi Indians
  • Contributors
  • Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
  • Adney, E. Tappan (Edwin Tappan), 1868-1950
  • Aitken, Robert
  • Alexander, James Evan
  • American Anthropological Association
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Ethnological Society
  • American Folklore Society
  • American Indian Order
  • American Museum of Natural History
  • American Sociological Society
  • Ames, Herman Vandenburg, 1865-1935.
  • Amsden, Charles Avery, 1899-1941.
  • Archaeological Society of North Carolina
  • Baily, A. G.
  • Ball, Carl C.
  • Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969
  • Bates, George Joesph, 1891-
  • Battles, Frank
  • Beatty, Willard W. (Willard Walcott), 1891-
  • Bennett, Foster
  • Beston, Elizabeth Coatsworth
  • Beston, Henry, 1888-1968
  • Bever, Marion G.
  • Billiot, Anthony
  • Billiot, Maurice
  • Bingham, M
  • Birket-Smith, Kaj, 1893-
  • Blackwood, Beatrice
  • Blakeley, A. W.
  • Bloom, Leonard, 1927-
  • Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
  • Bogoras, Waldemar, 1865-1936
  • Bond, Charles E.
  • Brimley, C. S. (Clement Samuel), 1863-1946
  • Britten, Marian Hale
  • Brooks, Jr., R. C.
  • Broom, Leonard
  • Buck, John Lossing, 1890-
  • Buffalo Museum of Science
  • Bureau of American Ethnology (Smithsonian Institution)
  • Burgesse, J. Allan
  • Butler, Eva L.
  • Cabot, W. B.
  • Carpenter, Edmund S.
  • Chase, Fannie S.
  • Chester, Allan G. (Allan Griffith), 1900-
  • Child, C. G.
  • Cobb, Rodney Dale, 1907-
  • Cole, Fay-Cooper, 1881-
  • Columbia University
  • Comas, Juan, 1900-
  • Congdon, Charles Edwin, 1877- ,
  • Cooper, John Montgomery 1881-1941
  • Cornplanter, Jesse J.
  • Crawford, J. W.
  • Dahl, Richard S.
  • Daniel, W.B.M.
  • Darlington, H. S.
  • Day, Gordon M.
  • De Laguna, Frederica, 1906-
  • Deardorff, Merle H.
  • Delabarre, E. B.
  • Department of Justice, Canada
  • Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs
  • Deskaheh, Alexander General
  • Diamond Jenness
  • Dimmick, Edgar R.
  • Dixon, Joseph K.
  • Dodge, Ernest S.
  • Dodge, Raymond, 1871-1942
  • Dorrance, Frances, 1877- ,
  • Douglas, Frederic Huntington, 1897-1956
  • Downes, P. G. (Prentice Gilbert), 1909-1959.
  • Drake, Charley G.
  • Dunnack, Henry E.
  • Dutcher, Willena B.
  • Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy, 1865-1946
  • Edgerton, Franklin, 1885-1963
  • Edwards, Edgar Van W.
  • Edwards, William Waller
  • Eiseley, Loren P.
  • Eisenberger, E.
  • Eskew, James W.
  • Farabee, William Curtis, 1865-1925.
  • Farrand, Livingston, 1867-1939
  • Fenton, William Nelson, 1908-
  • Fewkes, J. Walter (Jesse Walter), 1850-1930
  • Fewkes, Vladimir J.
  • Field, Clark, 1882-
  • Finkelstein, Elsie
  • Ford, C. D. (Charles Desmond)
  • Forde, C. Daryll (Cyril Daryll), 1902-
  • Fry, Nat P.
  • Gamio, Manuel, 1883-1960
  • Gandy, Ethel
  • Garner, Alfred B.
  • Gauthier, E. S.
  • Geographical Society of Philadelphia
  • Giger, Leona E.
  • Gilliam, Charles Edgar
  • Gilmore, Melvin Randolph, 1868-1940
  • Gisriel, Stewart W.
  • Godcharles, Frederic Antes, 1872-1944.
  • Goddard, Pliny Earle, 1869-1928.
  • Goldenweiser, Alexander A., 1880-1940
  • Goldfrank, Esther
  • Gordon, George Byron, 1870-1927.
  • Greywacz, Kathryn B.
  • Griffin, James B.
  • Gusinde, Martin, 1886-1969
  • Haddon, Alfred C. (Alfred Cort), 1855-1940.
  • Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974.
  • Hallowell, Dorothy Kern.
  • Hammond, R.
  • Hardenbrook, Louise
  • Harkins, Lee F.
  • Hassrick, Royal B.
  • Hawkes, Ernest William, 1883-
  • Hayne, Hayward
  • Hellmer, Joseph
  • Herris, R. H.
  • Heye Museum, The
  • Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957.
  • Hicks, Charles
  • Hill, Jasper "Big White Owl"
  • Hiller, Wesley R.
  • Holden, James E.
  • Holmer, Nils M.
  • Honigmann, John J.
  • Howells, W. W. (William White), 1908-
  • Howley, James Patrick, 1847-1918
  • Huaiquilaf, J. Martin Collio
  • Hudson's Bay Company
  • Imsick, Roy C.
  • Ioma, John
  • Isserman, Ferdinand M. (Ferdinand Myron), 1898-
  • John, Samuel
  • Johnson, Frederick
  • Jones, Louis Clark, 1908-
  • Jones, Volney H. (Volney Hurt), 1903-
  • Kaye, S. A.
  • Kendall, W. C.
  • Kissell, Mary Lois
  • Kremens, Jack
  • Kroeba, A.
  • Krouse, Theodore B.
  • La Rue, Mabel Guinnip, 1880-1971.
  • Lagore, Eli
  • Laidlaw, G. E.
  • Lampe, Matthew Willard, 1883-?
  • Laulin, "Redge"
  • Laulin, Gladys
  • Launer, Philip
  • Leach, Henry Goddard, 1880-1970.
  • Learmouth, D. H.
  • Learn, Martha
  • Lesser, Alexander, 1902-
  • Light, Richard
  • Lilly, Eli
  • Linton, Ralph, 1893-1953
  • Lippincott, Joseph Wharton, 1887-1976
  • Lips, Julie E.
  • Lowie, Robert Harry, 1883-1957
  • Luongo, James M.
  • MacDonald, Ada S.
  • MacLeod, William Christie
  • Manning, E. W.
  • March, Douglas D. H.
  • Marriott, Alice Lee, 1910-
  • McCaskill, J. C.
  • McKern, W. C. (Will Carleton), 1892-.
  • McNickle, D'Arcy, 1904-1977.
  • Mechling, William H.
  • Meier, Emil F.
  • Menzie, Decker V.
  • Messurier, William L.
  • Miller, Samuel "James"
  • Milling, Chapman James, 1901-
  • Moe, Henry Allen, 1894-1975
  • Montour, Josiah
  • Mook, Maurice O.
  • Mooney, James, 1861-1921
  • Moorehead, Warren King, 1866-1939
  • Moses, Jesse, Jr.
  • Moulton, F. R. (Forest Ray), 1872-1952
  • Mueller, Werner
  • Murrow, Glenn R.
  • Musser, Paul Howard.
  • Myers, John L.
  • Nassau, Robert Hamill, 1835-1921
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • National Geographic Society
  • National Research Council
  • Neitzel, Stuart
  • Nelson, Dorothy M.
  • New York Zoological Society
  • Newhouse, Seth
  • Norton, Jeannette Young
  • Norvell, E. B.
  • O'Brian, G. W. (Mrs.)
  • Oak, Liston M.
  • Obermaier, Anna
  • Olbrecht, Frank
  • Opler, Morris Edward, 1907-
  • Orchard, W. C.
  • Osgood, Cornelius, 1905-
  • Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club.
  • Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1881-1955
  • Penniman, Josiah Harmar, 1868-1941
  • Pennsylvania
  • Peters, Nick
  • Picard, L. P. O.
  • Pitt River Museum
  • Pollard, E. B.
  • Poole, Earl E.
  • Prince, John Dyneley, 1868-1945
  • Quimby, George
  • Rathbone, Perry Townsend, 1911-
  • Raynolds, Frances
  • Red Thunder Cloud, 1919-
  • Reed, Ira S.
  • Rehnstrand, Jane, 1884-
  • Reirmann, Jacques
  • Revillon FrèresTrading Company.
  • Reynolds, A. G.
  • Riggs, Bob
  • Rights, Douglas L. (Douglas LeTell), 1891-1956.
  • Ritchie, W. A.
  • Rivard, E. M.
  • Roberts, Helen H.
  • Robinson, Roy H.
  • Rohrbaugh, H. L.
  • Rolland, Ann
  • Rousseau, Jacques
  • Rowell, Mary
  • Ryan, Mrs. Charles
  • Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939.
  • Sargent, R. W.
  • Saville, Marshall H., 1867-1935
  • Schaeffer, Claude E.
  • Selby, J. S.
  • Sequin, Robert Lionel
  • Shafer, A. E.
  • Shenk, Hiram H. (Hiram Herr), 1872-1954
  • Shoemaker, Henry W. (Henry Wharton), 1880-1958.
  • Siebert, Frank
  • Skinner, Alanson B. (Alanson Buck), 1886-1925
  • Smith, Edgar F.
  • Smith, Frank E., 1919-1984
  • Smith, Harlan Ingersoll, 1872-1940.
  • Solenberger, Robert
  • Spaulding, A. C.
  • Speck, Frank Gouldsmith, 1881-1950.
  • Spinder, Herbert J.
  • Staub, Peter
  • Stern, Theodore, 1917-
  • Strong, William Duncan, 1899-1962.
  • Swales, Bradshaw Hall, 1875-
  • Swan, Sankey
  • Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958
  • Swarthmore College
  • Tantaquidgeon, Gladys
  • Taylor, Lyda
  • Thayer, B. W.
  • Thompson, B. A.
  • Tozzer, Alfred M. (Alfred Marston), 1877-1954.
  • Traynor, Donald P.
  • Trotter, Spencer, 1860-1931.
  • Turner, G. E. S.
  • Tyler, Dorothy Louise, 1899-1979
  • University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania
  • University of California
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anthropology
  • Voegelin, Carl F.
  • Walker, Abraham M.
  • Wallace, Paul A. W.
  • Walser, Richard, 1908-
  • Ward, Christopher L.
  • Warfield, J. O.
  • Waugh, Frederick Wilkerson, 1872-1924
  • Weitluner, R. J.
  • Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie, 1903-
  • White, Leslie A., 1900-1975.
  • White, Richard Jr.
  • White, Stewart Edward, 1873-1946
  • Wildens, Harry Emerson
  • Wilder, Harris Hawthorne, 1864-1928.
  • Wilkins, C.E.
  • Williams, Spencer F.
  • Wissler, Clark, 1870-1947.
  • Wiswall, Richard Hall, 1916-
  • Wyman, Waiter Channing
  • Yoder, Hiram J.
  • Zimmerman, William
  • Zirkle, Conway, 1895-
  • Zoological Society of Philadelphia
  • Contact information
    American Philosophical Society
    105 South Fifth Street
    Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
    [http://www.amphilsoc.org/]

    ©2004


    Collection overview

    Subcollection 1. Frank Speck Papers 1897-1950 10 linear feet

    Subcollection I is divided into two series. Series I is comprised of research material, and is organized according to culture area, tribe, and community. Series II is predominantly correspondence to and from Speck regarding research topics, as well as other professional matters. This sereis is arranged alphabetically by author.




    Subcollection 2. Manuscripts on Native Americans 1913-1946 5.5 linear feet

    Subcollection II is arranged in four series: correspondence, works by Speck, field notes, and photographs. Series II: Works by Speck constitute the bulk of the series and is arranged alphabetically by title.



    Detailed inventory
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    Subcollection I.
    Frank G. Speck Papers
    1897-1950 10 linear feet

    Series I.
    Research Material
    1903-1950 8.25 linear feet

    I. Circumpolar Culture Area



    A. General Circumpolar Area



    I(1A1). Speck, Frank G..
    Distribution maps for Circumpolar Traits.
    n.d. 12 items Box 1

    Separate maps show distribution of divination and miracle shamanism; sweat bath; turtle Atlas myth and world-tree concept; bone divination; bear veneration; curative power of mystic words and formulae; dog-ancestor myth; dog as soul leader; curvilinear patterns; confession to cure taboo violation. F&S 1464


    I(1A2). Birket-Smith, Kaj.
    Plan for Circumpolar Research
    1946 1 item Box 1

    Concerning forthcoming International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Science at Prague. Includes Birket-Smith Report to the Members of the Committee for International Research in Arctic Ethnology, May, 1936. Status of then-current research. F&S 1416


    B. General Eskimo



    I(1B1). Speck, Frank G..
    Physical Characteristics of the Eskimo (notes on)
    n.d. 1 item Box 1

    Lecture notes. F&S 1362


    I(1B2). [no entry]

    Box 1

    I(1B3). Speck, Frank G..
    Eskimo sled dogs, MS
    n.d. 1 item Box 1

    Discusses training and use of dogs. F&S 1338


    I(1B4). Speck, Frank G..
    Story of Eskimo woman who raised bear cub
    1923 1 item Box 1

    Bibliographical note on J. W. Bilby, (1923) F&S 1343


    I(1B5). [no entry]
    Box 1

    I(1B6). Skinner, Alanson.
    to Frank G. Speck
    1924 5 items Box 1

    Miscellaneous reading notes on Eskimos: Historical Relations of Eskimos and Algonkians, notes.F&S 1341


    I(1B6). Speck, Frank G..
    Miscellaneous reading notes on Eskimos: Miscellaneous book-notes on Eskimos
    1940 3 items Box 1

    Miscellaneous reading notes on Eskimo F&S 325


    C. Labrador Eskimo



    I(1C1). Speck, Frank G..
    Eskimo on the East Coast of Hudsons Bay (Reading notes)
    n.d. 1 item Box 1

    Notes together with Speck's comments on Arthur Dobbs, (1744). F&S 1336


    I(1C2). Speck, Frank G..
    "The George River Barrne Ground Band of Eskimo" (MS carbon)
    n.d. 1 item Box 1

    Concerning whether Eskimo were first an inland or a coastal group. F&S 1339


    I(1C3). Speck, Frank G..
    "Analysis of Eskimo and Indian skin dressing method in Labrador" MS
    n.d. 5 items Box 1

    Compares technique according to skins. F&S 1335


    I(1C4). Speck, Frank G..
    Report of 1934 Field Trip (typescript)
    1934 2 items Box 1

    Summarizes activities and reasons for his field work. F&S 1342


    I(1C5). Burgesse, J. Allan.
    to Frank Speck
    1936 2 items Box 1

    Art design filed by Frank G. Speck with Eskimo material F&S 2290


    I(1C6). Speck, Frank G..
    List of Archaeological Specimens
    n.d. 2 items Box 1

    Harpoons, scrapers, and similar artifacts. F&S 1315


    I(1C7). [no entry]
    Box 1




    I(1C8). [no entry]
    Box 1




    I(1C9). Cooper, John M..
    to Frank Speck
    1935 1 item Box 1

    "Eskimo territorialism." Discusses theism in Labrador; Eskimo family rights to hunting grounds. F&S 1325


    I(1C10). Speck, Frank G..
    Eskimo field notebook
    n.d. 3 items Box 1

    Lists of Eskimo names for animals, plants, manufactured objects, etc.; terms of relationship; general vocabulary; texts with interlinear translation. Also a few Naskapi items on one page. Letter to Speck from E. B. Delabarre, Mar. 4, 1924, A.L.S., 3p., discussing tales he had heard in Labrador. F&S 1337


    II. Circumboreal



    A. General



    II(2A1a). Double Curve Motif -- a. miscellaneous notes 1915-1943 4 items Box 1

    Haddon, Alfred C. Letter to Frank G. Speck, December 17, 1915 -- Curious as to degree of missionary influence on double-curve motif. Birket-Smith, Kaj. Letter to Frank G. Speck, October 30, 1927 --Discusses Montagnais-Naskapi museum specimens; double curve motif in Eskimo art. Asks questions on shared "culture elements" among northern tribes. Quimby, George. Letter to Frank G. Speck, February 8, 1943 -- Discusses possible double curve theme in Hopewell art. His field experience suggests Montagnais-Naskapi bands were differentiated by rivers on which they lived. Speck, Frank G. Table of double curve motif, n.d. --Northwestern tribes, Iroquois, central Algonkian usage charted by technique and variation of motifs. F&S 338, 1321, 1430, 2294


    II(2A1b). Double Curve Motif -- b. "The Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonkian Art" by F.G. Speck 1914 1 item Box 1

    A copy of Speck (1914), with interleaved snapshots and sketches, together with notes, suggesting natural-history origins of motives and variations.F&S 1443


    II(2A2). Speck, Frank G. .
    Traps -- a. Miscellaneous notes
    1938 2 items Box 1

    Review of John M. Cooper, Snares, deadfalls, and other traps of Northern Algonquians and Northern Athapaskans F&S 337


    II(2A3). [no entry]
    Box 1




    II(2A4). Speck, Frank G..
    Distribution of Scapulimancy, etc., in Circumboreal
    n.d. 1 item Box 1

    Sketches and comments on shoulder blade divination (Scapulimancy); notes on origin and distribution of deer drives (including 1p. note, undated, from A. I. Hallowell); distribution of artifacts among Algonkin, Naskapi, Mistassini. F&S 372


    II(2A5). Downes, P.G..
    Letter to Frank G. Speck
    1936 1 item Box 1

    "Miscellaneous notes on Circumboreal Region" Discusses his visit to Naskapi near Davis Inlet, to Cree, and to Chip[pewa]s. 2p. of notes (Speck?) in French-English of Indian or Canadian, discussing changes in Indian culture. F&S 2499


    B. Montagnais-Naskapi



    1 General Information



    II(3B1a). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information -- a. Summary of Naskapi life
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Apparently an introductory lecture, leading to study of Naskapi beliefs. 1p. notes on psycho-shamanistic performance. F&S 2319


    II(3B1b). Hammond, R..
    General Information -- b. "The Naskapis of Northern Labrador from a Trader's Viewpoint."
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    A description of Naskapi customs, round of life, the fur trade, especially the role of fur-bearers vs. caribou, incidents of drunkenness among Naskapi; honesty, etc. F&S 2293


    II(3B1c). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information -- c. History of Eskimo-Algonkian relations in Labrador
    n.d. 6 items Box 2

    Includes bibliographical notes, notes on Eskimo-Algonkian cultural correspondences and a 3p, typed document concerning migration routes of the Eskimo to the New World. F&S 1340


    II(3B1d). Speck Frank G..
    General Information -- d. Short History by Frank Speck, concerning Labrador Indians
    1922-1924 2 items Box 2

    Includes a 15p. story of incident in Naskapi life and 7p. scraps on natural surroundings. F&S 2317


    II(3B1e). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information: e. Naskapi personality
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Lecture notes. F&S 2314


    II(3B1f). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information: f. Miscellaneous notes
    1918-1946 27 items Box 2

    Includes 4 slips of bibliographic notes; a card with notes on a lecture of Franz Boas, Philadelphia, 1918, concerning the primacy of custom over inner morality; typed reading notes, 1925 a letter of Felix Agnus Leser to Speck, Dec. 14, 1931, concerning the docking of sled dog's tails. Drawing of a Naskapi tent in the Victoria Museum. 3 miscellaneous slips; 35 slips of notes on Eskimo and Montngnais culture from printed sources; and 1 notebook, 1946, containing some linguistic and informant data. F&S 2309


    II(3B1g). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information -- g. Catalogue of Naskapi Collection, Denver Art Museum, as of 2 October 1942, and listing other specimens collected by Frank G. Speck
    1920 - 1942 6 items Box 2

    Materials collected by Speck. In addition to that at Denver, there are lists of Montagnais and Mistassini specimens sent to George Heye, 1920; Montagnais specimens sent to Reading Museum, 1927; materials collected in 1021 (list sent to Goddard); list dated Sept. 13, 1921, sent to Wissler. Summary of expenses in 1927. F&S 2298


    II(3B1h). h. [no entry]
    Box 2




    II(3B1i). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information -- i. Birch Bark Containers
    1941 7 items Box 2

    Includes 18L. of notes on birch-bark baskets from northwest to northeast; 9 photos of Timagami Ojibwa birch-bark containers; 18 photos of Mistassini, Algonquin containers, as well as 1 negative, 5 sketches, and 0 leaves of notes; 7L. of general notes on birch-bark containers; 4 photos of Kutenai birch-bark containers together with negative and letter of Bella Weitzner to Speck, June 2, 1941; 4p. of notes on Ojibwa birch-bark; 1 photo of Yukon birch-bark; and 4p. of notes and 5 photos of Ojibwa baskets. F&S 370


    II(3B1j). j. [no entry]
    Box 2




    II(3B1k). Speck, Frank G..
    General Information -- k. Account book for field trips, with miscellaneous notes
    1911-1922 8 items Box 2

    Contains accounts for 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1919, 1920, and 1922 field trips, lists travel costs and cost of obtaining museum specimens. Also 2 newsclippings, 1911, 1913; and a postal card of Speck to his wife, 1919. F&S 2296


    2 Hunting Territories



    II(3B2a). Speck, Frank G..
    Hunting Territories -- a. Miscellaneous notes on Montagnais-Naskapi hunting territories
    1928-1932 14 items Box 2

    Letters concerning aboriginal us. European origins of hunting territories: Diamond Jenness to Speck, Feb. 20, 1928, 1p. T.L.S.; C. Daryll Forde (University College of Wales) to Speck, July 10, 1930, 1p. T.L.S.; Speck to Forde, Oct. 28, 1930, 2p. T.L. c.c.; John M. Cooper to Speck, Sept. 27, 1932, 2p. T.L.S. 9 leaves of miscellaneous notes. F&S 2307


    II(3B2b). Speck, Frank G..
    Hunting Territories -- b. "Terms of Relationship and Family Territorial Band Among the Northeastern Algonkins."
    n.d. 2 items Box 2

    M.S. draft and additions. F&S 339


    II(3B2c). Speck, Frank G..
    Hunting Territories -- c. "Conservation and the Indians of Eastern North America"
    1937 1 item Box 2

    M.S. F&S 2299


    II(3B2d). Speck, Frank G..
    Hunting Territories -- d. "Land Ownership Among Hunting Peoples in Primitive America and the World's Marginal Areas."
    1922-1926 2 items Box 2

    Typed manuscript with annotations.F&S 1365
    [number wrong]


    3 Social Structure



    II(3B3a). Speck, Frank G..
    Social Structure (aside from family hunting Territory) -- a. Review of Lips Naskapi Law
    1947 1 item Box 2

    Review of Julie E. Lips Naskapi Law. F&S 2316


    II(3B3b). Speck, Frank G..
    Social Structure (aside from family hunting Territory) -- b. "The Social Structure of the Northern Algonkian"
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Typed M.S. F.S. 2318


    II(3B3c). Speck, Frank G..
    Social Structure (aside from family hunting Territory) -- c. Montagnais Kinship terms
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Rough chart and notes. F&S 2327


    4. Economic Behavoir



    II(3B4a). Speck, Frank G..
    Economic Behavior (aside from family hunting territory) -- a. Hunting customs
    n.d. 3 items Box 2

    Concerns ownership of wounded animals; destroying elderly members of family. F&S 2312


    II(3B4b). Speck, Frank G..
    Econimic Behavioir (Aside from family hunting territory) -- b. Miscellaneous notes
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Concerns salmon at Waswanipi. F&S 2306


    5. Religion



    II(4B5a). Speck, Frank G..
    Religion -- a. Myths
    1929 5 items Box 3

    4 folkloristic texts in English. F&S 2313


    II(4B5b). Speck, Frank G..
    Religion -- b. Dream lore
    n.d. 1 item Box 3

    Brief note and sketch. F&S 2301


    II(4B5c). Speck, Frank G..
    Religion -- c. "Game Totems Among the Northeastern Algonkins."
    1916 2 items Box 3

    Typed M.S. F&S 2093


    II(4B5d). Speck, Frank. G.
    Religion -- d. Animism in Algonkian Mentality
    n.d. 1 item Box 3

    Lecture notes. F&S 2297


    II(4B5e). Speck, Frank G..
    Religion -- e. Miscellaneous notes on Montagnais-Naskapi Religion
    1929 6 items Box 3

    Undated, incomplete letter of John M. Cooper to ? concerning scapulimancy. Field notes concerning scapulimRncy, bear ceremony, drumming, etc. 1 sheet of Naskapi names of moons (religious). Letter of George Heye, to Speck, Jan. 3, 1926, concerning a missionary book in Montagnais. F&S 2308


    6. Linguistic



    II(4B6a). Speck, Frank G..
    Linguistic -- a. Miscellaneous linguistic materials
    n.d. 3 items Box 3

    Charts display equivalents in 7 dialects for 30 nouns, adverbs, pronouns, and verb "to see" F&S 2326


    II(4B6b). Speck, Frank G..
    Linguistic -- b. Montagnais loan words from English
    n.d. 6 items Box 3

    Vocabulary lists with Montagnais and Mistassini equivalents. Also miscellaneous notes, 3p. F&S 2328


    II(4B6c). Speck, Frank G..
    Linguistic -- c. Montagnais and Mistssinni Texts
    1915 8 items Box 3

    Montagnais texts with interlinear translation; 2 maps of hunting territory and notes; Tadoussac texts with interlinear translation; several English texts; list of kinship terms; Escoumains text with interlinear translation. Mistassini texts with interlinear translations. English texts from Mistassini and Lake St. John hands. Notebook relating to Naskapi religion; also 10p. of Michikaman Band texts. F&S 2329


    7 Moisie Band



    II(4B7). Speck, Frank G..
    Moisie Band -- A Field notes, 1930, Moisie and St. Marguerite Bands
    1930 1 items Box 3

    Names of informants for various bands; Seven Islands data on sorcery; miscellaneous material. F&S 2303


    8. Ste. Augustine Band



    II(4B8). Speck, Frank G..
    Ste. Augustine Band -- a. Field notes, 1935, Ste. Augustine Band
    1935 - 1936 12 items Box 3

    Account books list expenses and press botanical and entomological specimens. Notebook includes miscellaneous ethnographic data as well as designs. Map of St. Augustin village. 1p. sketch of animals with Naskapi names; 2 hand-drawn maps of St. Augustin region; miscellaneous materials and family histories. Letters: W. B. Cabot to Speck, July 29, 1930, A.L.S., 1p., concerning his (Cabot's) visit to Labrador; Hayward Hayne to Speck, Sept. 7, 1935, and Mar. 1, 1936, A.L.S., 4p. and 10p., concerning winter activities and Hudson's Bay Company post at St. Augustin; A. Poucher, missionary, to Speck, May 18, 1936, A.L.S., 1p. F&S 2304


    9. Mistassini Band



    II(4B9a). Speck, Frank G..
    Mistassini Band -- a. Miscellaneous notes, Mistassini
    1915-1930 8 items Box 3

    Concerns hunting territories of Mistassini, Waswanipi, Tête de Boule, Chicoutimi. Ethnographic data on childbirth and chiefs. F&S 2311


    II(4B9b). Speck, Frank G..
    Mistassini Band -- b. Document, refering to Pointe Speck
    1946-1948 3 items Box 3

    Includes 1p. blueprint of Lake Mistassini, P.Q., showing Pointe Speck. Letter of Jacques Rousseau (Director of Montreal Botanical Garden) to Speck, Nov. 3, 1948, 1p. A.L.S., concerning the adoption of the name Pointe Speck. F&S 2300


    II(4B9c). Speck, Frank G..
    Mistassini Band -- c. Field Notes, 1911-1930
    1911-1930 29 items Box 3

    6 English folkloristic texts, 1919, 1921, and 1930. A notebook of Montagnais and Mistassini texts in English, 1917; a 17p. typed version of Mistassini tales (1925) taken from above. A brief introductory statement, "Montagnais myths and tales from the Lower St. Lawrence"; ethnohistoric material; miscellaneous notes; 4p. concerning Gay Head Indians. Letter of Edward Sapir to Speck, June 18, 1912, 1p. A.L.S., concerning Cree-Montagnais linguistic relationship and obtaining of museum specimens. F&S 2310


    10. Lake St. John Band



    II(4B10a). Speck, Frank G..
    Lake St. John Band -- a. "Family Hunting Territories of the Lake St. John Montaganais and Neighboring Bands."
    n.d. 5 items Box 3

    Typed M.S. with additions. F&S 2302


    II(4B10b). Speck, Frank G..
    Lake St. John Band -- b. Field notes
    n.d. 7 items Box 3

    16p. on native names of specimens and artifacts, both Lake St. John and Mistassini: 4p. give account of Wabeno and names of specimens. F&S 2305


    11. Davis Inlet Naskapi



    II(4B11). Waugh, Frederick W..
    Davis Inlet Naskapi -- a. Waugh's notes
    1923-1924 5 items Box 3

    13p. of notes, mostly in hand of Frank G. Speck, obtained from F. W. Waugh. Letters of Waugh to Speck, Dec. 18, 1923, and Jan. 19, 1924, 1p. and 1p. T.L.S., concerning Davis Inlet group; copy of William Duncan Strong to Speck, Sept. 4, 1930, concerning Davis Inlet band. F&S 2322


    12. Tadoussac-Escoumains Band



    II(4B12). Speck, Frank G..
    Tadoussac-Escoumains Band -- a. Field notes
    n.d. 7 items Box 3

    Ethnobotanical data; plant names and medical uses; miscellaneous materials including names of museum specimens and myths. F&S 2320


    13. 7 Islands Band



    II(4B13). Speck, Frank G..
    7 Islands Band -- a. Miscellaneous field notes
    1924-1925 11 items Box 3

    Several texts with interlinear translations; house data; names of animals. 1p. friendly letter, in French, of Marie Louise Ambroise, Aug. 22, 1924, to Speck. F&S 391


    C. Algonquin



    II(2C1). Sapir, Edward.
    to Frank Speck
    1924 1 item Box 1

    "Linguistic analogues to Wiyot-Yorok" Discusses his postulated Wiyot-Yurok-Algonquian relationship; mentions his work on Subtiaba. Outlines relationships in and around Hokan-Coahuiltecan. Some discussion of migrations, seeing Athabaskan as late arrival. F&S 2061


    II(2C2). Speck, Frank G..
    Algonquin field notes
    n.d. 4 items Box 1

    One notebook contains linguistic notes, informant and population data for Waswanipi, Abitibi, Temiskaming, Nipissing, Algonquian. The other, dated June 1, contains Temiskaming ethnography, and (in English), Wisilèdjak (Wiskyjack) text. Temagami ethnology and texts (in English) and 1 Iroquois legend. Use Film 1429 Reel 1. F&S 369


    D. Beothuk



    II(2D1). Moorehead, Warren K..
    to Frank Speck
    1922 1 item Box 1

    Discusses his New England archaeological field work. Doubts Red Paint People of Maine were Beothuks; difference of art. Labels for University Museum artifacts from collections of Moorehead. F&S 462


    II(2D2). .
    Miscellaneous notes on Beothuk
    1911 - 1922 4 items Box 1

    Boas, Franz. Letter to Frank G. Speck, December 17, 1911 -- Discusses Boethuk report. Dahl, Richard S. Letter to Frank G. Speck, December 30, 1911 - In his career as mining engineer in Newfoundland he has opened many Beothuk sites; offers aid. Howley, James P. Letters to Frank G. Speck, December 12, 1911 and May 18, 1912 -- Howley writes Speck of the latter's meeting a Beothuk survivor; doubts authenticity, but would like to know more. Folder includes newsclipping of Oct. 15, 1911, on Speck's discovery and a portion of Howley's book printing a Beothuk vocabulary with Speck pencil notes:184-186. Messurier, William L. Letter to Dr. Bowman, February 15, 1922 -- Encloses article on Newfoundland extracted from "The Great Historical, Genealogical, and Poetical Dictionary... " (London, 1701). F&S 457, 459, 460, 461


    E. Athapascan



    II(2E1). .
    Miscellaneous Notes
    n.d. 10 items Box 1

    Reading notes. F&S 429


    F. Ojibwa



    II(2F1). Speck, Frank G..
    Review of Coleman on Ojibway Designs
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    of Sister Bernard Coleman: Decorative designs of the Ojibwa of northern Minnesota [1949]. F&S 2519


    II(2F2). .
    Miscellaneous notes
    1927 - 1948 4 items Box 2

    Woodman, Henry. Letter to Frank G. Speck, July 16, 1948 -- Discusses decline of crafts among Bear Island Indians (Temagami). Speck, Frank G. Letter to Chief Mitchele Buckshot; Maniwaki, Québec, February 10, 1927 -- Requests buckskin and beadwork. F&S 2516, 2523


    II(2F3). Hallowell, A. Irving.
    to Frank G. Speck
    1931 4 items Box 2

    Describes incidents on field trip to Berens River Saulteaux, Sweet Grass Cree (mentions attitude of Cree to Leonard Bloomfield) and Cold Lake Chipewyan; festivals, etc. Letter of Speck to Hallowell, Aug. 3, 1931, with pencilled responses of Hallowell to questions asked.
    F&S 2501


    II(2F4). .
    Matagama Ojibwa notes
    1914-1938 21 items Box 2

    Includes 2p. phonetic key; 1p. letter (carbon) of Frank G. Speck to Samuel (i.e., James) Miller of Gogama, Feb. 18, 1928, requesting ethnographic and map data; 2 maps, 1 of Mattagama hunting territories, boundaries in ink; 1p. typed reading notes (and a carbon); Feb. 1928 "Romance Story," 15p. sketch of a play for Mattagama Otcipwè. Burgeese, J. A. Letters to Frank G. Speck (Jan. 13 and Feb. 24, 1938). Burgesse sends drawing of "flesher" used by Oiibwa; encloses list of hunting territories and biographical information on owners. Learmouth, D. H. Letters to Frank G. Speck (Feb. 22 and 29, and Oct. 2, 1928). Learmouth, a factor for Hudson's Bay Co. at Waswanippi, recounts his experiences in adjudicating Matagama land inheritance; provides ethnographic data sought by Speck from Samuel (i.e., James) Miller of Gogama; and gives data on hunting territories. F&S 2498, 2508, 2517


    II(2F5). Speck, Frank G..
    Ojibwa Hunting territories
    n.d. 3 items Box 2

    Brief popular account, refuting Roosevelt (1889-1896), who had denied that Indians have a sense of property. 1p. typed notes from Copway (1847), and 1p. notes. F&S 2518


    II(2F6). Speck, Frank G..
    Tamagami myths
    n.d. 5 items Box 2

    5 English texts. F&S 2520


    G. Cree



    II(2G1). Speck, Frank G..
    Cree syllabary
    n.d. 6 items Box 2

    Naskapi names in Cree syllabary; the Lord's Prayer in Cree; miscellaneous syllabary Cree words. F&S 788


    H. Miscellaneous



    II(2H1). Speck, Frank G..
    Tete de Boule
    n.d. 1 item Box 2

    Miscellaneous notes on informants; word list. Notes on reverse of 2p. letter of W. C. Orchard (Heye Foundation) to Speck, Dec. 10, 1931. F&S 2330


    III. Northeast (ill-defined area west of Mississippi, north of corn-growing limit, south to approximately Mason-Dixon Line)



    A. General