Philip M. Sheppard Papers
A finding aid
1911-1976 (Bulk: 1940-1976)
(16.5 linear feet)

Ms. Coll. 65

© American Philosophical Society
105 South Fifth Street * Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
 American Philosophical Society 105 South Fifth Street Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
Table of contents Abstract
A geneticist and educator, Philip Macdonald Sheppard was head of the Department of Genetics at the University of Liverpool from 1963-1976. His research centered on polymorphism, mimicry, blood groups, genetic disease, and speciation, using a variety of subjects, including the gastropod Cepaea nemoralis, butterflies, and humans. He may be best remembered for his classic study of industrial melanism in the pepper moth Biston betularia.

The Sheppard Papers (1911-1983; bulk dates, 1940-76) contain correspondence, subject files, notes, and manuscripts that document Sheppard's life as a geneticist. The earliest piece in the collection is a lepidopterist's notebook from 1911, possibly J. R. Hobhouse's, however the bulk dates from 1940 to 1976, Sheppard's most productive and influential years. Among other things, these materials document Sheppard's research on the Scarlet Tiger moth, swallowtail butterflies, and ABO blood groups in humans, as well as his position as head of the Department of Genetics at the University of Liverpool.
Background note
Philip Macdonald Sheppard (1921-1976) was a geneticist whose primary interests included human and population genetics, evolution, medicine, and certain aspects of ecology and ecological genetics. He was especially concerned with polymorphism, mimicry, blood groups and disease, and the genetics of species differences (See Series II, Subject Files under Biographical Information). His important contributions to genetics include: his studies on natural selection in the polymorphic land snail (Cepaea nemoralis) in collaboration with A. J. Cain; his joint studies with Cyril Clarke on Rhesus hemolytic disease in newborn babies which led to the development of a preventive treatment; and the genetics and evolution of mimicry in butterflies.

Philip Macdonald Sheppard was born on 27 July 1921 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England to George Sheppard, a schoolmaster, and Alison Macdonald. He was educated at Marlborough College from 1935 to 1939, served with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve from 1940 to 1945, and was a prisoner-of-war from 1942 to 1945. He studied at Worcester College, Oxford University from 1946 to 1948. In 1948, he received a second class honours degree in Zoology, and was subsequently awarded the Christopher Welch Research Scholarship. Under E. B. Ford's guidance, he studied for the D.Phil. and obtained the degree in 1951. His thesis was entitled "Genetic and Evolutionary Problems in wild populations of the Lepidoptera and other forms."

Sheppard was a Junior Research Officer in the Department of Zoology at Oxford from 1951 to 1956. In 1954, he was awarded a fellowship by the Rockefeller Foundation which enabled him to work for one year with Theodosius Dobzhansky at Columbia University, New York. He was appointed Senior Lecturer in Genetics in the Department of Zoology at the University of Liverpool in 1956, was promoted to Reader in Genetics in 1959, and, in 1963, became the first Professor of Genetics at Liverpool. He continued in that position until his death.

An excellent statistician and geneticist, "[Sheppard's] genius lay in the experimental approach, whether it was with butterflies, moths, snails or man." 1 His research on the moth Panaxia dominula (the Scarlet Tiger), and Cepaea nemoralis (the land snail) showed the effects of various kinds of natural selection in controlling the genetic composition of wild populations. His work on Panaxia, which continued the work begun by R.A. Fisher and E.B. Ford, "was extremely influential in establishing the view that natural selection was the all-powerful process in generating evolutionary change."2

Much of Sheppard's research was done in collaboration with other scientists. With Cyril Clarke, he carried out his work on the genetics of butterfly mimicry and the prevention of rhesus hemolytic disease. Their work on mimicry in Papilio dardanus and P. memnon, and Heliconius melpomene and H. erato led to the "discovery of 'supergenes,' tightly linked blocks of functionally independent genes, all controlling different aspects of the mimetic pattern." In an effort to demonstrate that natural selection was active in human populations, "Clarke and Sheppard investigated the correlations of blood groups with disease... Believing also that the rhesus blood groups were controlled by a supergene similar to that found in mimetic butterflies, they then turned their attention to the chief form of natural selection known to work on these blood groups, hemolytic disease of the newborn. This led to an enduring advance in pediatrics: the prevention of this condition--a major cause of miscarriage, infant death, and brain damage--by injecting with rhesus antibody those mothers known to be at risk."3

Research conducted with Cyril Clarke, R.B. McConnell, and David Price Evans included a project on sibship and antigen studies in duodenal ulcers, blood groups and secretion in carcinoma of the stomach, tylosis and carcinoma of the oesophagus, PTC tasting and thyroid diseases, serological study of mucosa cells, biochemical study of blood group substances, Klinefelter's syndrome, secretor character and sub-fertility, secretor character in gastric ulcers, secretor character in mitral stenosis, and other blood group systems in hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility (See Series I, Cyril A. Clarke, Sept. 1958).

Sheppard also made important studies on the evolution of dominance, the genetics of industrial melanism in moths, particularly Biston betularia (the pepper moth), and heavy metal tolerance in plants, principally in Mimulus (monkey musk). He was invited by the World Health Organization to investigate the population genetics of insecticide-resistant mosquitos (Aedes) in Southeast Asia; this work was done in collaboration with W.W. Macdonald. His research also included the genetics of schizophrenia, anencephaly and spina bifida in humans.4 With J.J.B. Gill, Sheppard examined the genetics of prostrate forms in broom (Cytisus).

His research on how natural selection works and its effect on the genetic constitution of organisms resulted in Natural Selection and Heredity (1958) and numerous other studies of butterflies, moths, snails and human medical genetics. Although initially uncomfortable in front in the lecture hall, Sheppard fashioned himself into a "first-class lecturer." He lectured at many institutions in Great Britain and in the United States. He was "an invited speaker at many conferences, a guest of the Australian Universities Vice-Chancellors' Committee in 1967, Visiting Professor of Genetics at Davis, California in 1968, and a Royal Society Leverhulme Visiting Professor in Brazil in 1971."5 In 1973, Sheppard edited Practical Genetics, a book designed to aid instructors of genetics.

In 1966 and again in 1967, Sheppard excited public interest in genetics by organizing "a highly successful television series with Granada, compris[ed of] ten programmes on evolution. He devised the series and acted as adviser throughout, and his idea was that the programmes taken together should give a good general account of the theory of evolution, its origins and the modern evidence for its validity."6

Though not an avid committee member, Sheppard served on several committees throughout his career. These include the Committee of the Genetical Society of Great Britain from 1953-55, the Aldabra Research Committee of the Royal Society, and on the Sub-Committee of the Research Grants Committee of the D.S.I.R. from 1964 to 1965. He also served on various committees of the University of Liverpool, "especially the Ness Gardens Management Committee,... the Fluoridation Committee of the Royal College of Physicians,...the University Grants Committee's Biological Sciences Sub-Committee, and on occasion in relation to committees of the World Health Organization."7

Sheppard was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1965, and was awarded its Darwin Medal in 1974. In 1975, he received the Gold Medal for Zoology from the Linnaean Society, and, in recognition of his work with Cyril Clarke on rhesus factors, was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in the same year.

Sheppard died of acute leukemia in Liverpool on October 17, 1976. He was survived by his wife, Patricia Beatrice Lee, whom he had married in 1948, and by their three sons.

Footnotes
  1. For biographical information see The Royal Society of London. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows 23 (1977), 465.

  2. Dictionary of Scientific Biography 18, 815.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Nature 266 (10 Mar. 1977), 201.

  5. University of Liverpool Recorder 74 (Apr. 1977), 4-7.

  6. Royal Society of London,486.

  7. The University of Liverpool Recorder, 4.


Scope and content
The Philip Macdonald Sheppard Papers (1911-1983; bulk dates, 1940-76) contain correspondence, subject files, notes, and manuscripts that document Sheppard's life as a geneticist. The earliest piece in the collection is a lepidopterist's notebook from 1911, possibly J. R. Hobhouse's, however the bulk dates from 1940 to 1976, Sheppard's most productive and influential years. Among other things, these materials document Sheppard's research on the Scarlet Tiger moth, swallowtail butterflies, and ABO blood groups in humans, as well as his position as head of the Department of Genetics at the University of Liverpool. The most recent items include correspondence between his colleague Arthur J. Cain and Sir Cyril A. Clarke regarding the loan of Sheppard's correspondence.

The papers (34 boxes; 16.75 linear feet) are divided into three series:

Series I. Correspondence (28 boxes; 14 linear feet)
Series II. Subject Files (2 boxes; 1 linear foot)
Series III. Research Notes and Notebooks (3 boxes; 1.5 linear feet)
Series I-III. Oversize Materials (1 box; .25 linear feet)

Oversize materials follow the same series arrangement as noted above. Cross referencing to oversize material appears on the folders in the standard size boxes. Reprints have been removed from the collection; consult the card catalog for printed materials to retrieve those items.

Administrative information
Restrictions
None.

Provenance
This collection was a gift of Arthur J. Cain, a colleague of Philip M. Sheppard from the University of Liverpool. Professor William Provine arranged for the shipment of the collection from England. The papers were received in July 1989 and assigned accession no. 1989 2937ms. Reprints found in the collection have been removed to the APS printed materials collection.

Preferred citation
Cite as: Philip M. Sheppard Papers, American Philosophical Society.

Processing information
Catalogued by Timothy T. Wilson, 1992.

Additional information
Related material
The Arthur J. Cain Papers include related material on gastropod genetics and biology.

Photographs, mostly snapshots, have not separated from accompanying materials and appear in the collection in the following folders:

Series I
Ashton, Geoffrey C. 1957 April 25 3 images
Butler, Roy 1972 Feb. 3- of Derek Roff
Cadbury, James 1964 May 6
Clarke, Cyril A. Image of swallowtail butterfly; 1976 1955 May 5; 1957 June 27 1 image (2 copies)
Eff, Donald [1957] no photo. but packing slip which reads, "Dried Botanical Specimens for Scientific Research: No Commercial Value"
Fredga, Karl 1976 July 7
Kettlewell, H.B.D. 1966 Oct. 15; 1967 June 6
Kimura, Motoo 1958 Oct. 8
Rothschild, Miriam 1974 Jan. 26
Thompson, Mary n.d. - of Samantha and Lisa Thompson
Turner, John R. G. 1968 June 20 - 4 images.; 1973 2 images.
Watkins & Doncaster Not a photo, but mounting pins for insects
Series II
"f. carbonaria Distribution on British Isles" n.d.
"Protective Coloration in Some British Moths" [1963?] 2 images

Added entries
Subjects
  • Adaptation (Biology)
  • Biston betularia
  • Blood
  • Evolution (Biology)
  • Genetics
  • Genetics--Research
  • Lepidoptera--Genetics
  • Medical genetics
  • Mimicry (Biology)--Genetic aspects
  • Natural selection
  • Snails--Genetics
  • Speciation

    • Contributors
  • Ayala, Francisco J.
  • Brower, Lincoln P.
  • Brown, Keith S.
  • Cain, Arthur J. (Arthur James), 1921-1999
  • Clarke, C. A. (Cyril Astley)
  • Dobzhansky, Theodosius Grigorievich, 1900-1975
  • Fisher, Ronald Aylmer, Sir, 1890-1962
  • Ford, E. B. (Edmund Briscoe), 1901-
  • Kettlewell, H. B. D. (Henry Bernard Davis)
  • Lewontin, Richard C.
  • MacDonald, W. W.
  • Mayr, Ernst, 1904-
  • McConnell, Richard B.
  • Royal Society (Great Britain)
  • Royal Society (Great Britain). Aldabra Research Committee
  • Science Research Council (Great Britain)
  • Sheppard, P. M. (Philip Macdonald), 1921-1976
  • Turner, John R. G.
  • University of Liverpool

    • Genre terms
  • Manuscripts
  • Notebooks

    		•
    Contact information
    American Philosophical Society
    105 South Fifth Street
    Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
    [http://www.amphilsoc.org/]

    ©2001

      Sponsor:Support for the processing of the Sheppard Papers was provided by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
    Collection overview

    		 Series I. Correspondence 1946-1983 28 boxes, 14 lin. feet

    incoming and outgoing manuscript and typescript letters, carbons, and postcards generated during Sheppard's career. Series I is arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name and then chronologically within each file. It is the largest series of the collection.

    Chronologically, the correspondence is rather evenly distributed. Short papers and some photographs appear in a correspondent's file when relevant to accompanying correspondence. Colleagues' reprints and draft articles containing significant marginalia are included in this series. Unidentified correspondence has been filed as "Unidentified" and is arranged chronologically. The correspondence is primarily in English, though there are a few letters in French, and Italian; non-English references are noted on the folder. The foreign language items are usually from the correspondent; Sheppard's replies are generally in English.

    Correspondents include geneticists, biologists, doctors and other members of the medical profession, current and former students, officials of various organizations, publishers, and interested amateur geneticists. Subjects covered in this series include: the genetics of Panaxia dominula, Cepaea nemoralis, Papilio, Cytisus, Mimulus, and the ABO blood groups. There is some correspondence on the breeding of domestic animals, including chickens, sheep and cats. Letters of reference are filed in the subject's file. Book reviews appear in several publishers' files. The files of the Medical Research Council, the Royal Society and the Science Research Council primarily contain research proposals accompanied by Sheppard's critical appraisals.

    Of special interest among Sheppard's correspondents are Cyril Clarke and Richard McConnell for information on blood group research, E.B. Ford for research data on Panaxia dominula, and John R.G. Turner for research on Heliconius. For correspondence on Papilio research see especially: Cyril A. Clarke, Ronald Fisher, V.G.L. Van Someren, P.R.A. Mansfield, Motoo Kimura, and A.B. Acton. The Nuffield Foundation file contains progress reports by Sheppard on his blood group and Papilio research with Cyril Clarke. For information on Cepaea see the file for Arthur Cain. There is very little correspondence on the administration of the Department of Genetics at the University of Liverpool. Much of that material is probably available at the University itself.

    Among Sheppard's correspondents are:

    • Acton, A. B.
    • Ashton, Geoffrey C.
    • Brower, Lincoln P.
    • Cain, Arthur J.
    • Clarke, Cyril A.
    • Crick, Francis H. C.
    • Dobzhansky, Theodosius
    • Ford Edmund Brisco
    • Fisher, Ronald A.
    • Huxley, Julian S.
    • Kettlewell, Henry Bernard Davis
    • McConnell, Richard B.
    • Macdonald, W. W.
    • Smith, Cedric A. B.
    • Turner, John R. G.
    • Van Someren, V. G. L.

    The most recent correspondence is from Arthur Cain in 1983 regarding letters of R.I. Vane-Wright which were loaned to Cyril Clarke. Only one of the letters discussed appears among Sheppard's papers.




    		Series II. Subject files 1952-1976 2 boxes, 1 lin. foot

    Minutes, agenda, reports, newsletters, and reviews. The series also contains drafts and outlines of papers and lectures given by Sheppard. The folders are arranged alphabetically by title with the form of the item noted when appropriate. The earliest item in the series is a 1952 outline of his paper "Polymorphism and Population Studies." Other early items in the series are drafts of his papers on ABO blood groups, and outlines for lectures at the University of Liverpool. The subjects covered in this series include mimicry and polymorphism in Cepaea nemoralis, Heliconius, and Papilio, blood groups, and thyroid disease. Of possible interest are some preliminary notes and outlines on the book Practical Genetics, which he edited.




    		Series III. Research notes 1911, 1940-1976 3 boxes, 1. 5 lin. feet

    Notes on the following butterflies: Papilio (swallowtail); Biston betularia (the Pepper moth); Heliconius melpomene and H. erato; and Panaxia dominula (the Scarlet Tiger moth) . There are also notes on Cepaea nemoralis (the land snail), and the ABO blood groups. In addition, some notebooks contain reading notes summarizing journal articles and the orders of animal classification. Loose notes are arranged by subject; the Latin form of a subject's name has been preferred for use on file folders. Notebooks are arranged by date under the heading "Research Notebook" with undated notebooks grouped after the dated ones. Undated notebooks are arranged alphabetically by subject when discernible. Most of the notebooks contain data on two or more subjects which are noted on the folder when identifiable. Often Sheppard would begin to record data in the first half of a notebook, and subsequently, begin to take notes on a different subject starting from the back of the same notebook.

    The type of data most often recorded is mark, release, and recapture statistics for insects and snails, and breeding or blood line data. Of particular interest is the data collected on Panaxia dominula which spans the years 1941-76 and which was one of Sheppard's central interests. The earliest item is a notebook from 1911, possibly J.R. Hobhouse's, which details some activities in Germany. A record of butterfly captures and pupae purchased, it appears to be additional information on a butterfly collection which Hobhouse donated to the University of Liverpool (see Series I, J.R. Hobhouse). Of interest within the undated notebooks are some notes on the Labour Party in England. Taken immediately after World War II, these notes include questions on the Party's position on the employment of veterans. Other miscellaneous data includes unidentified graphs, and a computer program for statistical work.



    Detailed inventory

    		 Series I. Correspondence 1946-1983 28 boxes, 14 lin. feet

    		A.E.R.E. 1956
    		Box 1

    		Abdulali, Humayun 1974
    		Box 1

    		Abdulali, Salman 1974
    		Box 1

    		-See also Ser.I, Macdonald, W.W.

    		Abercrombie, Michael 1967
    		Box 1

    		Abrams, Tom 1975
    		Box 1

    		Academic Press, Inc. 1961
    		Box 1

    		Ackroyd, Ian 1966
    		Box 1

    		Acton, A.B.

    		Box 1

    		Folder1 1954-59
    		Box 1

    		Folder2 1960-69; n.d.
    		Box 1

    		Adair, Annie L. 1974-76
    		Box 1

    		Adams, Michael J. 1972-76
    		Box 1

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Adams, R. 1975
    		Box 1

    		Adamson, A.C.

    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.I, Hawe, Philip

    		Addison, [?] n.d.
    		Box 1

    		Ae, Shigeru Albert 1956-58; 1972-76
    		Box 1

    		Agacino, Morales 1953
    		Box 1

    		Agricultural Research Council 1965-71
    		Box 1

    		Air Ministry 1961
    		Box 1

    		Aird, Ian 1953
    		Box 1

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Al-Ani, Farouk Y. 1970-74
    		Box 1

    		Albanese, Rosario 1976
    		Box 1

    		Alexander, W.G. 1965
    		Box 1

    		Allan, Adrian 1974
    		Box 1

    		Allard, R.W. 1956; 1967-71
    		Box 1

    		Allen, Courtney P. 1958-59
    		Box 1

    		Allen, Sally Lyman 1955-56
    		Box 1

    		Allen, W. Ross

    		Box 1

    		Folder1 1969-May 1970
    		Box 1

    		Folder2 Jun. 1970-72; n.d.
    		Box 1

    		Allison, A.C. 1953-58
    		Box 1

    		Amadon, Dean 1963
    		Box 1

    		Amateur Entomologists' Society 1955; 1959
    		Box 1

    		American Eugenics Society 1963
    		Box 1

    		American Express Company, Inc. 1957-60
    		Box 1

    		American Journal of Human Genetics 1954
    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.II, Linkage and the Blood Groups

    		American Journal of Physical Anthropology

    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.I, Lugg, J.W.H.

    		American Naturalist 1953-60; 1968-76
    		Box 1

    		Amos, D.B. 1953
    		Box 1

    		Amos, R. 1964
    		Box 1

    		Anderson, Alun. M. 1969
    		Box 1

    		Anderson, G.E. 1967-69
    		Box 1

    		Anderson, Robert 1970
    		Box 1

    		Andres, P.N. 1966
    		Box 1

    		Andrewartha, H.G. 1967
    		Box 1

    		Andrews, Peter n.d.
    		Box 1

    		Angseesing, Joseph P.A.

    		Box 1

    		Cook, E.R.
    Elgood, J.H.
    Lewin, S.
    [Turner?], John [R.G.]
    Walker, S.

    		Folder1 1965-69
    		Box 1

    		Folder2 1970-72
    		Box 1

    		Angus, Donald S. 1976
    		Box 1

    		Angus, John 1969-71
    		Box 1

    		Angus, William J. 1973
    		Box 1

    		Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1973
    		Box 1

    		Annual Review of Entomology 1966
    		Box 1

    		Anti-Locust Research Centre 1953
    		Box 1

    		Antonovics, Janis 1967-73
    		Box 1

    		Appleton-Century-Crofts 1967
    		Box 1

    		Applied Research Laboratories 1972
    		Box 1

    		Arbani, Shah Nawaz 1966
    		Box 1

    		Archbold, R. 1959
    		Box 1

    		Archer, Nora 1953
    		Box 1

    		Archer, Richard K.

    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A., 1966

    		Ardley, J.H. 1961
    		Box 1

    		The Ark 1974
    		Box 1

    		Arndt, Stephan 1972
    		Box 1

    		Arnold, Richard 1965-72
    		Box 1

    		[Arnott], Melville

    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Arunachalam, V. 1970
    		Box 1

    		Ashhurst, Doreen E. 1956; 1968
    		Box 1

    		Ashton, Eric H. 1958-59
    		Box 1

    		Ashton, Geoffrey C.

    		Box 1

    		Pumphrey, R.J.

    		Folder 1 1957-59
    		Box 1

    		Folder 2 1960-73
    		Box 1

    		Aslib 1972
    		Box 1

    		Asmer Seeds Ltd.

    		Box 1

    		-See Ser.I, Bradshaw, A.D.

    		Associated Book Publishers Ltd. 1967
    		Box 1

    		Associated-Rediffusion Ltd. 1957
    		Box 1

    		Associated Television Ltd. 1959
    		Box 1

    		Atkins, Gregory J. 1969-73
    		Box 2

    		Atkinson, D.R. 1964
    		Box 2

    		Atlay, R.D. 1970
    		Box 2

    		Augustin, R. 1964-65; 1976
    		Box 2

    		Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee 1966-67
    		Box 2

    		Ayala, Francisco J. 1974
    		Box 2

    		Baird & Tatlock 1969
    		Box 2

    		Bakare, Olatunji 1966
    		Box 2

    		Baker, Alan J.M. 1971
    		Box 2

    		Baker, C.R. 1953
    		Box 2

    		Baker, H.G. 1956
    		Box 2

    		Baker, John 1954
    		Box 2

    		Ballard, G.B. 1952
    		Box 2

    		Banbury, G.H. 1956
    		Box 2

    		Harry Banister & Partners 1962
    		Box 2

    		Bar, Ze'ev 1970
    		Box 2

    		Barigozzi, Claudio 1951
    		Box 2

    		Barker, John F. 1962-72
    		Box 2

    		Barnes, [?]

    		Box 2

    		-See Ser.I, Kettlewell, H.B.D.

    		Barnes, B. 1967
    		Box 2

    		Barnes, Brian W. 1972
    		Box 2

    		Kearsey, M.J.
    -See also Ser.I, Kearsey, M.J.

    		Barnes, O. 1955
    		Box 2

    		Barnes, W.H.F. 1967-69
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Booth, Norman

    		Barraclough, O. 1959
    		Box 2

    		Barrett, John A. 1969-74
    		Box 2

    		Barrett, J.H. 1961
    		Box 2

    		Barrington, Ernest J.W. 1961; 1967-75
    		Box 2

    		Bartlett, M.S. 1970
    		Box 2

    		Barton, Derek (Sir) 1973
    		Box 2

    		[Heets?], Edwin

    		Bateman, Angus J. 1956-65
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Battaglia, Bruno 1962; 1971-72
    		Box 2

    		Batten, John L. 1970-76
    		Box 2

    		Baverstock, Peter 1968
    		Box 2

    		Baxby, Derrick n.d.
    		Box 2

    		Baxter, J.T.

    		Box 2

    		-See Ser.I, Davies, G.O.

    		Baxter, S.J. 1975
    		Box 2

    		Bayley, P.C. 1962
    		Box 2

    		Baynes, E.S.Q. 1951-52
    		Box 2

    		Beard, J.P. 1966
    		Box 2

    		Beardmore, John A. 1962-76
    		Box 2

    		Beatty, R.A. 1969-71
    		Box 2

    		Beazley, John M.

    		Box 2

    		-See Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Beck, J. 1969
    		Box 2

    		Becker, Peter 1971
    		Box 2

    		Beechey, G.D.S. 1966
    		Box 2

    		Beer, Ian 1956
    		Box 2

    		Beer, R.J.S. 1967
    		Box 2

    		Begon, Michael 1974-76
    		Box 2

    		Bell, Betty 1961
    		Box 2

    		Bellehu, Adefris 1957
    		Box 2

    		Bellion, Kathleen Patricia 1972
    		Box 2

    		Belyayev, D.K. 1968
    		Box 2

    		Bengston, Sven-Axel 1972-75
    		Box 2

    		Bennett, J. Henry 1961-68
    		Box 2

    		Bennett, M.J. 1953
    		Box 2

    		Benson, A.C. 1972-73
    		Box 2

    		Benson, Woodruff W. 1975-76
    		Box 2

    		Turner, John R.G.
    -See also Ser.I, Brown, Keith

    		Bentley, E.W. 1961
    		Box 2

    		Beregovoy, V.E. 1971
    		Box 2

    		Berger, Jacques 1964
    		Box 2

    		Berio, R. 1952
    		Box 2

    		Bernardi, G. 1963-64
    		Box 2

    		Berry, R.J. (Sam) 1962-76
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Nuffield Foundation

    		Berry, W.T.C. 1963
    		Box 2

    		Bertie, J. 1964
    		Box 2

    		Bertram, G.C.L.

    		Box 2

    		-See Ser.I, Eugenics Society

    		Bertram, Horst 1963-68
    		Box 2

    		Bevan, [?] 1956
    		Box 2

    		Bevan, E. Alan 1963; 1967
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc.

    		Billingham, R.E. 1956
    		Box 2

    		Biological Society 1976
    		Box 2

    		Biometric Society 1953-56
    		Box 2

    		Birch, L. Charles 1965-72
    		Box 2

    		Birch, M.W. 1962
    		Box 2

    		Birdsall, D. Alan 1969-71
    		Box 2

    		Bishop, C.M. (Mrs.) 1964
    		Box 2

    		Bishop, James 1968
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Black, David 1972
    		Box 2

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.
    -See also Oversized

    		Blackman, Roger L. 1971-72
    		Box 2

    		Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc.

    		Box 2

    		Bevan, E. A[lan]
    Reeve, E.C.R.

    		Folder 1 1959-70
    		Box 2

    		Folder 2 1971-72
    		Box 2

    		Folder 3 1973-75
    		Box 2

    		Bland, Desmond S. 1961-73
    		Box 2

    		Blears, J. 1971
    		Box 2

    		Blest, A. David 1956-58; 1975
    		Box 2

    		Block, W. 1960-61
    		Box 2

    		Bloom, Paul W., Jr. 1973-76
    		Box 2

    		Bloy, F.J. 1959
    		Box 2

    		Board of Trade. Import Licensing Branch 1952-53
    		Box 2

    		Bobrow, Martin 1967
    		Box 2

    		Bodmer, Walter F. 1974
    		Box 2

    		Boettger, [?] 1953-54
    		Box 2

    		Bognard, Louis 1953
    		Box 2

    		Some in French

    		Bone, Quentin n.d.
    		Box 3

    		Bonnefoi, Marcel 1972
    		Box 3

    		Bonnet, David D. 1961; n.d.
    		Box 3

    		Boonyotha, P.T. 1966
    		Box 3

    		Booth, Norman 1968
    		Box 3

    		Barnes, W.H.F.

    		Booth, Roger D. 1972
    		Box 3

    		Bösiger, Ernest 1957
    		Box 3

    		Bourke, G.J. 1954
    		Box 3

    		Bourne, A.M. 1975
    		Box 3

    		Bovey, P. 1952; 1958
    		Box 3

    		Some in French

    		Bowater, W. 1952; 1960-62
    		Box 3

    		Bowden, K.F. 1962
    		Box 3

    		Bowden, Sydney R. 1959-72
    		Box 3

    		-See also Ser.I, Clarke, Cyril A.

    		Bowens Camera Repair Service Ltd. 1968
    		Box 3

    		Bowers, Alan B. 1972
    		Box 3

    		Bowler, K. 1970
    		Box 3

    		Bowman, John C. 1961-64; 1969
    		Box 3

    		Boyes, [?] 1958
    		Box 3

    		Boys Smith, J.S. 1961
    		Box 3

    		Braddock, E.M. (Mrs.) 1967
    		Box 3

    		Bradley, Brenda M. 1976
    		Box 3

    		Bradley, John 1974
    		Box 3

    		Bradley, Stuart [1970?]-74
    		Box 3

    		Bradshaw, A.D. [1961]-76
    		Box 3

    		Asmer Seeds Limited

    		Bradshaw, E.A. 1971-76
    		Box 3

    		Brain Research Association [1974]
    		Box 3

    		Bramah, Jean P. 1969
    		Box 3

    		Brambell, F.W. Rogers 1961-62
    		Box 3

    		Brandt, Jane 1953
    		Box 3

    		Braunsteiner, H. 1968
    		Box 3

    		Brayhead Products Ltd. 1962
    		Box 3

    		Brent, Leslie 1968
    		Box 3

    		Bridges, William 1962
    		Box 3

    		Crane, [Jocelyn]

    		Brierley, J.K. 1958-68
    		Box 3

    		Briggs, G.H. 1960
    		Box 3

    		British Association for the Advancement of Science 1953-75
    		Box 3

    		British Broadcasting Corporation

    		Box 3

    		Folder 1 1956-65
    		Box 3

    		Folder 2 1965-76
    		Box 3

    		British Cancer Council [1969]
    		Box 3

    		British Council

    		Box 3

    		Folder 1 1963-69
    		Box 3

    		Folder 2 1970-76
    		Box 3

    		British Embassy (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) 1957
    		Box 3

    		British Embassy (Manila, Philippines) 1966
    		Box 3

    		British Empire Cancer Campaign 1954
    		Box 3

    		British Federation of University Women 1973
    		Box 3

    		British Film Institute 1962
    		Box 3

    		British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society 1973
    		Box 3

    		British Library 1974
    		Box 3

    		British Medical Bulletin 1958-60
    		Box 3

    		British Medical Journal 1976
    		Box 3

    		British Museum (Natural History) 1956; 1976
    		Box 3

    		British Overseas Airways Corporation 1958
    		Box 3

    		British Society for Haematology 1968-69
    		Box 3

    		British Transport Commission 1957-74
    		Box 3

    		British Universities Film Council Ltd. 1968-76
    		Box 3

    		Britten, Roy J. 1969
    		Box 3

    		Britton, E.B. 1953
    		Box 3

    		Ford, E.B.

    		Brncic, Danko 1958
    		Box 3

    		Broadhead, Edward 1973
    		Box 3

    		-See also Ser.I, Journal of Animal Ecology

    		Broodbank, A.R. 1975
    		Box 3

    		Brooks, G. (Mrs.) 1972
    		Box 3

    		Brower, Jane Van Zandt

    		Box 3

    		-See Ser.I, Brower, Lincoln P.
    -See Ser.I, Van Zandt, Jane

    		Brower, Lincoln P.

    		Box 3

    		[Brower], Jane Van Zandt
    Glass, Bentley
    O'Donald, Peter
    Thorne, Fred

    		Folder 1 1954-60
    		Box 3

    		Folder 2 1961-62
    		Box 3

    		Folder 3 1963-65
    		Box 3

    		Folder 4 1966-67
    		Box 3

    		Folder 5 1968
    		Box 4

    		Folder 6 1969-76
    		Box 4

    		Brown, E.J. 1972
    		Box 4

    		Brown, Keith [S., Jr.]

    		Box 4

    		Benson, W.[W.]
    The Royal Society
    Turner, John R.G.
    -See also Ser.I, Turner, John R.G., 1973-75

    		Folder 1 1956; 1971-73
    		Box 4

    		Folder 2 1973-74
    		Box 4

    		Folder 3 1974
    		Box 4