MOLE: The Manuscripts Online Guide

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McAtee, Waldo Lee (1883-1962)
Zoologist, ornithologist,entomologist.
Papers, 1883-1942. 168 letters, 216 autographs.

Correspondence relating chiefly to The Auk and to investigations into the stomachs of birds carried on by the United States Biological Survey. Correspondents include: Francis V. Greene, Henry Wetherbee Henshaw, Edgar A. Mearns, Clinton H. Merriam, Frank R. Rathbun, and others; also the Biological Society of Washington and the American Ornithologists' Union. The autograph collection was assembled principally from signatures on mailing instructions for The Auk and on envelopes addressed to McAtee and others.

Table of contents (8 pp.).

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McClintock, Barbara (1902-1992)
Maize geneticist.
Papers, 1927-1991. (70.5 lin. ft.).

The maize geneticist, Barbara McClintock, is credited with the discovery of "jumping genes," that is chromosomal "crossing over" and translocation. She received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.

The collection is organized into six series: I. Correspondence, 1931-1991 ; II. Subject files, 1938-1989 ; III. Works by McClintock, 1944-1989 ; IV. Works by others, 1927-1991 ; V. Research notes, notebooks, and card files, 1930s-1990s ; VI. Photographs and negatives, 1928-1991.

Arrangement: Alphabetical by folder title and then chronological within each folder. Major correspondents include George Wells Beadle, Almiro Blumenschein, Royal Alexander Brink, William L. Brown, Charles R. Burnham, Melvin M. Green, Takeo Angel Kato Yamakake, Joshua Lederberg, Oliver Evans Nelson, Jr., Peter Andrew Peterson, Marcus M. Rhoades, James A. Shapiro, and Lester W. Sharp. McClintock appears as a correspondent in a number of other collections at the APS, including the Chargaff, Luria, Stern, and Caspari Papers.

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McCulloch, Warren Sturgis (1898-1969)
Neurologist, psychologist.
Papers, ca. 1935-1968. (30 lin. ft.).

This collection is composed of correspondence and papers which center on McCulloch's study of the functional organization of the central nervous system and the related field of cybernetics. There is much on computers as well, including "biological computer" studies. Other topics include the brain or neural studies, biological psychiatry, chemical warfare, space biology, and U.S. Army studies. His participation in the American Society of Cybernetics is extensively documented. There are numerous papers and notes on conferences attended, etc.

Table of contents (30 pp.).

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McGregor, James Howard (1872-1954)
Zoologist. APS 1929.
Notes on X-ray experiments, March 30, 1907. 6 pp.

This represents some of his early pioneering work on the affect of x-rays on the development of embryos.

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McGregor, James Howard (1872-1954)
Zoologist. APS 1929.
The osteology and myology of Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis, with eleven plates, 1894. 1 vol. (150 pp.).

Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.

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Mack, Pamela E.
"The Early Years of the Cold Spring Harbor Station for Experimental Evolution," 1979. (44p.).

Pamela Mack received her doctorate in the History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania in 1983. She is currently a member of the Department of History at Clemson University.

Mack's essay, "The Early Years of the Cold Spring Harbor Station for Experimental Evolution," was written for a class taught by Daniel J. Kevles in 1979. In it, she charts the origins and first decade of the Station for Experimental Evolution (1904 to 1914) and its transformation under the leadership of Charles B. Davenport into an institution devoted to the study of eugenics.

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McKenney, Thomas Lorraine (1785-1859)
Superintendent of the Indian Bureau.
Sketches of a tour to the Lakes, 1826. 3 vols. (750 pp.). Copy.

The Sketches of a Tour of the Lakes is a record of a journey undertaken by Thomas L. McKenney and Lewis Cass, from Washington, D.C., to Fond du Lac, Wisc., to negotiate a treaty with the Chippewa and other Indians. McKenney, the Superindenant of Indian Affairs, includes an account of travel on the Great Lakes, and more memorably, a description of the "character" and customs of the Chippewa Indians, an account of the treaty of Fond du Lac, and a vocabulary of the Algic or Chippewa language. The manuscript, a fair copy of the original sent to a London publisher, is illustrated throughout with watercolor sketches of scenes and persons. It was originally published in Baltimore in 1827.

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McKesson, John (1734-1796)
New York attorney, Sec. of Provincial Congress.
Papers pertaining to Indian affairs, 1714-1790. Film. 1 reel.

From originals at the New-York Historical Society.

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MacLaury, Robert E., 1944-
Anthropologist.
"Ayoquesco Zapotec: Ethnography, Phonology, and Lexicon," 1970. MA thesis, University of the Americans. 1 vol. (230p.).

From 1968-1970, the anthropologist Robert E. MacLaury conducted fieldwork on Zapotec (Oto-Manguean) language and ethnography at Santa Mara Ayoquesco de Aldama, Oaxaca. His masters thesis, "Ayoquesco Zapotec: Ethnography, Phonology, and Lexicon," was accepted at the University of the Americas in 1970.

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Maclure, William (1763-1840)
Merchant, geologist. APS 1799.
Letters and papers, 1796-1848. Film. 10 reels.

From Workingmen's Institute, New Harmony, Ind. Letters to Maclure; journals of travel in Europe and America; notes and essays; also manuscripts, transcripts, and notes relating to Maclure. Correspondents include:

• William Amphlett
• Frances Wright D'Arusmont
• Marmaduke Burroughs
• George William Erving
• Mme Marie Duclos Fretageot
• Charles Alexandre Lesueur
• Alexander Maclure
• Samuel G. Morton
• Robert Dale Owen
• Obadiah Rich
• Lucy Say
• Thomas Say
• John Speakman

Table of contents (34 pp.).

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Maclure, William (1763-1840)
Merchant, geologist. APS 1799.
Letters to Benjamin Silliman, 1817-1838. Film.

From Yale University Library.

Table of contents (2 pp.).

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McQuown, Norman Anthony (1914- )
Anthropologist.
Totonac texts, n.d. ca. 400 pp.

Includes Totonac texts; Spanish translations; and some English translation.

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McQuown, Norman Anthony (1914- )
Anthropologist.
Quiche Maya texts, 1972 and n.d. Film and recordings. 4 reels.

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Madison, James (1751-1836)
President of the United States. APS 1785.
Meteorological journals kept at his plantation, 1784-1793, 1798-1802. 2 vols. (ca. 315 pp.).

These contain, also, notes on sowing and harvesting, migration of birds, etc. Some notes are in Mrs. Madison's hand. The 1793-1796 volume is in the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia. (An additional volume, January 1, 1798 to February 8, 1802, 42 pp., is located in the Library in a separate collection: 551.5 M56 No. X).

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Magalhães, João Jacinto de (Jean-Hyacinthe Magellan), 1722-1792
Collection, 1774-1788. 11 items (0.25 linear feet).

Better known to the English-speaking world by the name under which he published most of his works, Jean-Hyacinthe Magellan, João Jacinto de Magalhães was born on November 4, 1722. His work focused primarily on scientific instruments, and is credited with introducing English scientific instruments, and the work of Joseph Priestley (APS member 1785) to the scientific community in France.

The João Jacinto de Magalhães Collection consists of eleven letters written by Magalhães in French, and addressed to correspondents in France dealing primarily with the manufacture and distribution of telescopes and optical instrumentation.

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Maillet, Benoît de (1656-1738)
French diplomat, traveler, author.
Nouveau système du monde, 1715-1724. 3 vols. (915 pp.).

Extract from a manuscript.

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Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de (1721-1794)
French judge, horticulturist, philanthropist.
Voyage en Angleterre, April 3-May 27, 1785. 1 vol. (220 pp.). In French.

This diary records the individuals and sights that he saw while in England. There are many observations of life in London, e.g. parks, buildings, paintings, food. Outside of London he visited many towns, including Manchester and its cotton mills as well as the steel mills of Birmingham. He relates his visit to Drury Lane and the dramatic performance of Mrs. Siddons. Some of the people he met included Sir Joseph Banks, Sir Charles Blagden, James Boulton, Joseph Priestley, William Pitt the Younger, and Benjamin Vaughan. He also visited and describes the gardens at Kew. The diary includes several sketches, including the plan of Blenheim Palace, and also a table of distances traveled.

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Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de (1721-1794)
French judge, horticulturist, philanthropist.
Essays on botanical and horticultural topics. Film. 1 reel.

From Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

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Mandrillon, Joseph (1743-1794)
French businessman and writer. APS 1785.
Recherches philosophiques sur la découverte de l'Amérique, 1783. 1 vol. (127 pp.).

Prepared for the Académie des sciences, belles lettres et arts, Lyon, 1783; printed, with slight changes, in Le Spectateur américain ou remarques générales sur l'Amérique septentrionale et sur la république des Treize États-Unis (Amsterdam, 1784).

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Maps

Manuscript maps have been described and catalogued along with the collection of printed maps in the online guide Realms of Gold. In addition to bibliographic information, this guide also presents over 100 detailed scans of selected maps in JPEG2000 format.

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Marchant, Henry (1741-1796)
Rhode Island jurist, delegate to the Continental Congress.
Journal, 1771-1772. Typed, carbon. (202 pp.).

An account of a voyage from Newport, R.I., to London, with descriptions of Boston, Dover, London, Edinburgh, and other cities; many references to Benjamin Franklin. A microfilm of the entire journal is in the Rhode Island Historical Society.

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Marcoux, Abbé M.
Iroquois grammar and dictionary. Film. 1 reel.

From Mission Iroquoise de Saint-Regis and Mission Caughnawaga, Quebec. The dictionary is both Iroquois-French and French-Iroquois.

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Marie, Joseph François (1738-1801)
French savant.
Philosopiae [sic] quarta pars seu phisica, 1763-1764. 1 vol. (529 pp.). In Latin.

An extensive, Latin-language treatise on natural philosophy written by the French savant and Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, Joseph François Marie in 1763-1764. Some chapters in the work appear to have minor lacunae.

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Maring, Joel
Keresan tales in the Acoma and Conchiti dialects, [1959]. Recording. 9 reels.

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Marsh, Othniel Charles (1831-1899)
Paleontologist.
Papers. Film. 29 reels.

These are the professional, personal and family papers of Marsh, from the originals at Yale University Library.

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Marshall, Helen Edith (1898- )
The United States Sanitary Commission. 70 pp. Typescript. 1932.

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Marshall, John (1755-1835)
Chief Justice of the United States. APS 1830.
Opinions delivered in the circuit court of the United States, 1803-1831. ca. 100 items.

Manuscript drafts of his opinions.

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Martin, Pierre Dominique
French engineer.
Ma biographie, 1839. 104 pp. Photocopy.

He dedicates this to his son, Armand, recounting his life as a member of the French expedition to Egypt (1798-1799), whose history he later wrote, Histoire de l'expédition française en Égypte . . . (Paris, 1815).

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Martin de la Bastide
Mémoire sur la possibilité, les avantages, et les moyens d'ouvrir un canal dans l'Amérique septentrionale, pour communiquer de la mer Atlantique, ou du Nord, à la mer Pacifique, ou du Sud, ca. 1785. 1 vol. (31 pp.).

This copy was secured by Thomas Jefferson, 30 June 1785, and was presented by him to APS Historical and Literary Committee, 6 November 1817. With some changes the memoir was printed: Mémoire sur un nouveau passage de la mer du nord à la mer du sud (Paris, 1791).

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Marum, Martin van (1750-1838)
Natural philosopher.
Papers, ca. 1777-1837. Microfiche. 492 cards.

This includes correspondence from over 180 individuals, his diaries, essays, notes, etc. They are filed from the originals at the Dutch Society of Sciences, Haarlem.

Table of contents (13 pp.).

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Mary Canisius, Sister of the Holy Cross
James A. McMaster [1820-1886]: pioneer Catholic journalist. Film. 1 reel.

Master's thesis Catholic University of America, 1935.

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Mason, Charles (1730-1787)
Astronomer, surveyor. APS 1768.
Journal during the survey of the Pennsylvania-Maryland line, 1763-1768. Film. 1 reel.

From National Archives, Washington (film microcopy No. 86).

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Mason, Charles (1730-1787)
Astronomer, surveyor. APS 1768.
Papers, 1750-1815. Film. 2 reels.

From Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Letters, memoranda, computations, and tables.

Table of contents (2 pp.).

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Mason, John Alden (1885-1967)
Anthropologist, archaeologist.
Papers, 1904-1967. (26.75 linear feet).

An archaeological anthropologist and linguist, John Alden Mason spent the majority of his career at the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. After receiving his undergraduate degree at Penn in 1907, Mason received a doctorate at Berkeley (1911) for his ethnographic work on the Salinan Indians of California, but his diverse interests in later years ran the gamut from Puerto Rican folklore to Piman languages and cultures (including Pima, Papago, Pima Bajo, Northern and Southern Tepehuan, and Tepecano), Mayan, Aztec, and Incan archaeology, and the languages of South American Indians. Mason was curator of the University Museum at Penn from 1926 until his retirement in 1958.

The Mason Papers include both in-coming and outgoing correspondence, linguistic material, notes, and photographs relating to Mason's work in the southwestern U.S., northern Mexico, and South America. Centered on the years after Mason's return to Philadelphia in 1926, the collection covers all aspects of Mason's professional life, from reports on field work to answering casual questions referred to him through the University Museum to data and analyses on Piman and other languages. The collection also contains voluminous files relating to the Mason's editorship of the American Anthropologist (bulk: 1945-1948). Of special note are a series of class notes (1908-1910) kept by Mason for course work in ethnology, archaeology, and linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania under Edward Sapir and Frank Speck.

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Mason, John Alden (1885-1967)
Anthropologist, archaeologist.
Northern Tepehuan language material, [1951]. Recording. 3 reels.

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Mason, John Alden (1885-1967)
Anthropologist, archaeologist.
Southern Tepehuan material, [1948]. Recording. 4 reels.

Texts and songs recorded at Durango, Mexico.

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Mason and Dixon Survey
Minutes and papers, 1745-1771. 2 vols., film and photostats.

The original material includes one volume of Minutes of the Commissioners for Determining the Line between Pennsylvania and Maryland (126 pp.), which was copied by George M. Justine in 1842 from an "authenticated" copy owned by Ferdinand R. Hassler. There is also a volume of original vouchers, or receipts (62 items), given for money spent by the Penn family for the 1760-1768 survey. These came from Justine through descendants of Edmund Physick, Receiver General for the Penn family.

In addition there are miscellaneous pieces from various sources, including field notes and journals of the surveys, 1761, 1762-1763 (film from Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.), with instructions to Jonathan Hall, Thomas Garnett, John Lukens, and Archibald McLean; papers and documents (films and photostats from Royal Society, British Museum, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Maryland Historical Society, and others), relating to the survey, the transits of Venus, 1761 and 1769, etc., including letters of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to Nevil Maskelyne.

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Massachusetts. Archives
Selected materials on Indian affairs, 1665-1775. Film. 3 reels.

From Massachusetts Archives. Letters and papers from the official records of the province; many relate to the Six Nations in New York and to French activity and influence among the Indians.

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Massengale, Jean M.
An Houdon bust of Franklin, 1964. Film. 1 reel.

On the bust in possession of the Boston Athenaeum.

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Masterson, James Raymond (1905-1981)
Historian
Travel bibliography. ca. 40,000 cards & 6 lin. ft.

This unpublished bibliography represents Masterson's life work in compiling a comprehensive guide to travel in Colonial North America. There is an extensive card file, in the final form he envisioned for it, and there is related research material on travel. This collection also contains personal papers, including his diaries, 1921-1971, as a student of English literature, American history and as a bibliographer.

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Mathematics
Copybook, n.d. 45 pp.

This is a ca. eighteenth-century copybook with problems and illustrations in algebra and geometry. There are sections on extraction of the cube root, geometrical definition of lines and angles, and first rudiments or leading and preparatory problems in plane geometry.

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Matlack, Timothy (1733-1829)
Revolutionary soldier, Pennsylvania state official. APS 1780.
Account book, 1783-1800. 1 vol. (ca. 20 pp.).

Contains receipts and expenditures for the Flying Camp, 1783; also business accounts for purchase of bread and candles and for expenses of traveling and lodging, 1785-1800.

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Mayr, Ernst (1904- )
Zoologist. APS 1965.
Papers, 1946, 1974-1979. ca. 700 items.

The Mayr collection consists of correspondence, drafts of talks, and personal data sheets relating to the Conference on Evolutionary Synthesis sponsored by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, held in Boston in May and October 1974. The collection includes background material on the organization of the conference, as well as correspondence (especially with William Provine) on the editing and publication of the proceedings (Mayr, ed. The Evolutionary Synthesis... 1980).

In addition to the above there is material on the 1947 Princeton Conference on Genetics, Paleontology & Evolution, and documents relative to the organization and history of the Society for the Study of Evolution.

Correspondents include:

• Ernest Boesiger
• Ralph E. Cleland
• Theodosius Dobzhansky
• C. D. Darlington
• E. B. Ford
• Julian Huxley
• Charles W. Metz
• Michael Lerner
• Richard C. Lewontin
• H. J. Muller
• Bernhardt Rensch
• Edmund W. Sinnott
• George G. Simpson
• G. Ledyard Stebbins
• Curt Stern
• N. W. Timoféef-Ressovsky
• Alexander Weinstein

Table of contents (3 pp.).

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Mazzei, Filippo (1730-1816)
Florentine diplomatic agent, author.
Letter book, 1788-1792. Film. 2 reels. Restricted access.

From Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence. Kept principally in Paris, with a diary of events there: also drafts and copies of some of his writings; some correspondence with Virginians (e.g., John Blair, John Banister, Jr., John Page).

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Mazzei, Filippo (1730-1816)
Florentine diplomatic agent, author.
Correspondence with King Stanislaus Augustus II of Poland, n.d. Film. 1 reel.

From manuscripts in the National Library of Poland.

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Mazzei, Filippo (1730-1816)
Florentine diplomatic agent, author.
The comprehensive microfilm edition of his papers, 1730-1816. Margherita Marchione, Editor. Film. 9 reels.

Published by Kraus Microfilm, 1982.

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Mead, Margaret (1901-1978)
Anthropologist. APS 1977.
An anthropologist at work: writings of Ruth Benedict. Typed. (ca. 150 pp.).

First working draft of a book published 1959; contains more than the published version, including correspondence of Ruth Benedict with Franz Boas, Reo F. Fortune, and the author.

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Medicine
Formulaire médical, ca. 1750. 1 vol. (105 pp.).

Prescriptions for various complaints, including epilepsy, hemorrhoids, and ringworm.

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Mentzel, Christian (1622-1701)
German physician, naturalist, philologist.
Chinese lexicon. 1 vol. (ca. 370 pp.).

A translation, with additions, by J. W., 1806, from Mentzel's Sylloge minutiarum lexici latino-sinico- characteristici ex autoribus et lexicis Chinensium eruta (Nuremberg, 1685).

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Menzel, Donald Howard (1901-1976)
Astrophysicist. APS 1943.
Papers concerning UFO's, 1952 1976. ca. 12,000 items (12 lin. ft.).

This collection includes correspondence, articles, newsclippings, photographs, recordings, concerning Menzel's documentation of UFO's as natural phenomena explainable in scientific terms. One can find material on the National Investigation Committee on Aerial Phenomena; Project Blue Book, the Velikovsky controversy, and a card file of meteor activity, 1946-1961. Among the correspondents are:

• Cicely M. Botley
• Lyle G. Boyd
• Edward U. Condon
• J. Allen Hynck
• Donald E. Keyhoe
• Philip J. Klass
• Charles A. Maney
• William Markowitz
• Hector Quintanella
• Carl Sagan
• Norman Schreibsten
• Wade Wellman

Table of contents (14 pp.).

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Menzel, Donald Howard (1901-1976)
Astrophysicist. APS 1943.
Autobiography. 669 pp. Photocopy.

Restricted access. Permission of Mrs. Menzel is required before use.

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Meriam, Ebenezer
New York Indian agent
Papers, 1850-1855. 32 items.

Letters from two young Christian Onondagas, Thomas La Fort and Jameson L. Thomas, about their efforts to get an education so they might help their tribe; also from Chief David Hill, leader of the Christian Onondagas, asking for financial and political aid when the New York state legislature refused money for a school on the Onondaga reservation and when the Christian and pagan Indians sought to divide the reservation between them.

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Meritt, Benjamin Dean (1899- )
Archaeologist, historian
Papers, ca. 1935-1989. 19.5 linear ft.

Known for his pioneering work on Athens in the fifth century BC, Benjamin Dean Meritt spent most of his career at the Institute for Advanced Study, where he developed a world-renowned center for the study of Attic epigraphy, or Greek inscriptions. Meritt reconstructed, with A.B. West, the inscribed tribute-quota lists of the Athenian Empire and is perhaps best known for his work on fifth century BC Athenian finances, which resulted in the four-volume Athenian Tribute Lists, co-authored with H.T. Wade-Gery and M.F. McGregor.

The collection consists of Meritt's correspondence with his colleagues, research notes, manuscripts of papers, and material from lectures and conferences. The correspondence comprises the bulk of the collection, with significant amounts of correspondence with his closest colleague, Geoffrey Woodhead (0.5 linear ft.) and collaborators West, Wade-Gery, and McGregor.

Other significant correspondents include:

• American Council of Learned Societies
• American Philosophical Society
• American Numismatic Society
• Athens College
• Aydelotte, Frank
• Bonner, Campbell
• Cherniss, Harold
• Clement, Paul A.
• Dinsmoor, William Bell
• Dow, Sterling
• Edson, Charles
• Ferguson, William Scott
• Friedlander, Paul
• Greek War Relief
• Haggard, Patience
• Hondius, J.J.E.
• Institute for Advanced Study
• Moe, Henry A.
• Princeton University
• Raubitschek, A.E.
• Richter, Gisela M.A.
• Robinson, Charles A.
• Schweigert, Eugene

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Meteorology Collection
Miscellaneous records, 1748-1822.

Featuring the work of at least ten different authors, this collection includes several, unrelated meteorological observations from the mid-18th Century to the early 19th Century. While the majority of these records depict weather patterns in Philadelphia, there are also descriptions for Delaware, New England, London, and South America among others.

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Meteorology
Meteorological diary, Warrenton, North Carolina, 1789. 26 pp.

This daily weather log was kept by Thomas Gloster, who sent it to Matthew Carey, who presented it to the APS in 1804 (See Minutes, p. 360.).

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Michaux, André (1746-802)
French botanist and traveler.
Botanical journal in North America, 1787-1796. 9 vols. In French.

Printed in APS Proc. 26 (1889): 1, with an introduction by C. S. Sargent. That portion of the journal covering the travels in Kentucky, 1793-1796, was included in Reuben G. Thwaites, Early Western Travels, 1748-1846, 3:27.

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Michaux, André (1746-1802)
French botanist and traveler.
Letters and papers, 1783-1801. 6 pieces. In English and French.

Includes letters to his son François André and an act of New Jersey authorizing Michaux to purchase lands in the state to establish a botanical garden.

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Michaux, André (1746-1802)
French botanist and traveler.
Documents on his botanizing in the United States, 1785-1807. Film. 2 reels.

From Bibliothèque Nationale and Archives Nationales, Paris. Letters, reports, lists of plants and trees, official documents, many addressed to the Comte d'Angiviller, concerning Michaux's visit to America to collect specimens for a nursery.

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Michaux, André (1746-1802)
French botanist and traveler.
Subscription list for proposed exploration of the American West, 1793. 1 p. 16x13 inches.

This stunning document, the body of which is in the hand of Thomas Jefferson, gives instructions to Michaux "to explore the interior country of North America from the Mississippi along the Missouri and Westwardly to the Pacific Ocean . . ." Those subscribing money for this venture have signed below, with their pledges noted. Included are: John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Robert Morris. This expedition was never undertaken, and it is only one instance of Jefferson's continuing interest in exploring the western territory, culminating in the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804-1806.

This manuscript, along with other documents, was discovered in the vault in Philosophical Hall in 1979; see Committee on Library Report, Year Book (1979): 158-160.

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Michaux, François André (1770-1855)
French botanist, silviculturist, and traveler. APS 1809.
Papers, 1802-1911. ca. 300 items.

Relating especially to APS business, these papers contain letters to and from men of science and institutions in Europe on the purchase and shipment of books and on the publications of the Society; many are to or from John Vaughan. Other papers relate to the Michaux bequest to APS to further silviculture in the United States, the Society's developing interest in American forests, the acquisition of books on silviculture by the APS Library, and the planting and care of the Michaux Grove of oaks in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. Assembled from APS Archives and Misc. Mss. Collection.

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Michaux, François André (1770-1855)
French botanist, silviculturist, and traveler. APS 1809.
Essays, 1820, 1849. Film. 1 reel.

From Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Two essays: on the trees of North America, and on a project of a nursery of foreign trees and plants in the vicinity of Bayonne; with accompanying letters.

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Michelson, Albert Abraham (1852-1931)
Physicist
Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light, 1879. 1 vol. (114 pp.). Facsimile.

This is a manuscript facsimile of his paper, which was published in the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 28 (1879): 124-160.

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Michigan Indians
Celebration, 1967. Movie film & slides. 1 reel.

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Mifflin, John Fishbourne (1759-1813)
Philadelphia lawyer. APS 1796
Receipt book, 1800-1813. 1 vol. (ca. 60 pp.).

Receipts for payments of taxes, ground rents, rents, judgments, bills of exchange, settlements of estates, etc. Some are for monies collected for APS and for Major Zebulon Pike's expedition, 1811. The names of Samuel Breck, James Mease, Robert Millegan, and John Vaughan appear.

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Mifflin Family
Papers, 1772-1851. 19 items.

These are deeds and papers pertaining to the estate of Samuel Mifflin, et al., of Pennsylvania.

Table of contents (1 p.).

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Miles, Samuel (1739-1805)
Soldier, member of the Pennsylvania Assembly, mayor of Philadelphia. APS 1769.
Papers, 1776-1802. 16 items.

Correspondence and an autobiographical sketch of the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War service of Samuel Miles. A native Pennsylvanian, Miles raised and commanded a regiment of riflemen, but was captured near Flatbush in August, 1776, during the Battle of Long Island. He was held as a prisoner of war in New York until his exchange in April 1778. Miles' subsequently served as Mayor of Philadelphia and was a presidential elector in 1796.

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Miller, Peter. Philadelphia notary public
Register Book H, 1765-1777. 1 vol. (309 pp.). In German and English.

Copies of depositions sworn before him; letters of attorney, bonds, receipts, bills of sale, contracts of marriage, etc. There is an index, which lists, among many others, the names of George Glentworth, John Kearsley, Reese Meredith, Frederick Phile, and James Ralph.

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Millhauser, Milton
Robert Chambers, evolution, and the early Victorian mind. Film. 1 reel.

Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1951.

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Millikan, Robert Andrews (1868-1953)
Physicist. APS 1914.
Papers. Film. 81 reels.

From the originals at the California Institute of Technology. For a guide to the collection, see Judith R. Goodstein, et al., eds., The Robert Andrews Millikan Collection at the California Institute of Technology: Guide to a Microfilm Edition (Pasadena, 1977).

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Mills, Frederick Ira (1807-1830)
Lawyer
Notes on Benjamin Silliman's lectures on chemistry and pharmacy, Yale College, 1826-1827. 1 vol. (87 pp.).

This volume begins with lecture number 23 (December 13, 1826) and ends with number 59 (February 21,1827). Mills was in the Yale class of 1827.

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Mills, Robert (1781-1855)
Architect, engineer.
Papers. Microfiche. 16 fiche.

This is a collection of his, and family, correspondence, project files, drawings, etc., from originals at the South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston.

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Minto, Walter (1738-1796)
Mathematician. APS 1789.
Papers, 1738 96. Film. 1 reel.

From William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Mich. Letters from Benjamin Rush, diplomas, testimonials, etc.

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Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection
Papers, 1668-1983. ca. 3500 items.

There is no other way to describe these manuscript letters, essays, and other papers that are contained presently in 49 boxes. For the most part they are items which have not fallen readily into existing Library collections, although, from time to time, as individuals come to be represented in the Miscellaneous Manuscripts by a significant number of pieces, these are removed and a separate collection begun under the individual's name. Many of the letters have considerable biographical, historical, or scientific interest. Although the manuscripts date from 1668, three-quarters of the collection is of the period between 1750 and 1850. The manuscripts are arranged chronologically, but each is entered in the general catalogue in the Manuscripts Room. The following names of correspondents have been selected at random:

• Louis Agassiz
• Sir Joseph Banks
• Thomas Cooper
• Elliott Coues
• Georges L. C. F. D. Cuvier
• William Darlington
• Thomas A. Edison
• Albert Einstein
• Edward Everett
• John Fitch
• Frederick A. Genth
• Asa Gray
• Horace Greeley
• Warren G. Harding
• Simon Newcomb
• Sir Isaac Newton
• Joel R. Poinsett
• David Rittenhouse
• Benjamin Rush
• Henry R. Schoolcraft
• Adam Seybert
• Jared Sparks
• Herbert Spencer
• Henry Stevens
• Thomas Sully
• Charles Thomson
• Charles Waterton
• Anthony Wayne

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Mitchell, Maria (1818-1889) and Mitchell, William (1791-1869)
Astronomers. APS 1869 (MM).
Papers. Film. 9 reels.

From Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association, Nantucket, Mass. The manuscripts of father and daughter are not easily separated, and are treated here together. The collection includes William Mitchell's autobiography, his memoir of Judge Walter Folger of Nantucket, astronomical and meteorological observations, lectures, family and other correspondence. Maria Mitchell's papers include many lectures, diaries and accounts of travel in the American South and West, 1854-1857, and in Europe, 1857-1858, materials on the women's rights movement, newspaper clippings, poems, meteorological and astronomical observations and calculations. Correspondents include:

• Sir George B. Airy
• Alexander D. Bache
• Alvin Clark
• James Dwight Dana
• Dorothea Dix
• Benjamin A. Gould
• Edward Everett Hale
• Joseph Henry
• Sir John Herschel
• Julia Ward Howe
• Alexander von Humboldt
• Matthew F. Maury

There are also some genealogical notes. Included in the film are five items from the Nantucket Atheneum Library.

Table of contents (5 pp.).

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Mithun, Marianne
Collector
Tuscarora language materials narrated by Chief Elton Greene, 1971-1972. Recording. 6 reels.

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Moe, Henry Allen (1894-1975)
Administrator, humanist. President of APS. APS 1943.
Papers, ca. 1920-1975. 120 lin. ft.

An administrator and humanist, Henry Allen Moe was the first director of the National Endowment for the Humanities, and was a president of the American Philosophical Society from 1959 to 1970. The Moe Papers are a vast and rich resource documenting all phases of Moe's career, but are also a major source of information on twentieth-century philanthropic organizations. As the first Secretary, then Administrator, and finally President of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (ca. 1925-1963), Moe made contact with the influential and the aspiring in the worlds of banking, finance, the arts, and sciences.

The Moe collection is particularly strong in correspondence and information relating to Latin America, much of it generated through Moe's oversight of the Guggenheim's Latin America Fund and by Moe's otherwise keen interest in the region. This material is diverse, ranging from material on agriculture (see Escuela Agricola Panamericana, 15 boxes) and Peruvian archaeology (see Alfred Kroeber's detailed report) to many folders of correspondence and grant reports from artists, writers, and politicians of South and Central America. Moe served as trustee, officer, and committee member of over thirty private foundations, many of which are well represented in the collection by yearly reports and grant applications, among other types of records.

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Montagu, Ashley, 1905-1999
Physical anthropologist
Papers, ca. 1930-1999. ca.70 linear feet.

Born in London's East End in 1905, Israel Ehrenberg seemingly defied orthodoxy from birth. Changing his name upon entering academia, the working class Ehrenberg opted for the aristocratic airs of Montagu Francis Ashley-Montagu - later shortened in the American vernacular to a simpler Ashley Montagu. Studying anthropology under Bronislaw Malinowski and later Franz Boas, he received his doctorate in 1937 for Coming Into Being Among the Australian Aborigines, and quickly established a reputation as a productive and provocative physical anthropologist. In 1942, the publication of his second book initiated an unusually creative period devoted to the biological analysis of the "problem" of race and social inequality, themes he returned to repeatedly in later years. In Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race Montagu advanced the argument that race was a social construct imposed upon a complex biological substratum and he demolished the arguments for inherent inequality between human populations. He extended his egalitarian arguments to gender in the Natural Superiority of Women (1953), provoking yet another segment of the population, and even in his seemingly harmless work on early hominid evolution, he kicked up controversy. Montagu was the first to document that the famous Piltdown Man fossils were a hybrid forgery.

Montagu's frustration with academia grew during the 1950s as his progressive views clashed repeatedly with his more conservative peers. After delivering a lecture critical of Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1955, he suffered a storm of abuse, eventually leading him to resign his position at Rutgers, and he never again held (or sought) a standard academic appointment, though his research and publication continued unabated. From 1960 on, Montagu became, in effect, a public intellectual, a Promethean figure bringing the ideas of anthropology to the lay public through works on love, swearing, and violence.

The collection document nearly the entire career of Ashley Montagu from approximately 1937 until his death in 1999, with extensive research notes and subject files relating to Montagu's diverse interests. The collection includes significant correspondence with colleagues ranging from Theodosius Dobzhansky and Melville Herskovits to Clyde Kluckhohn, Marshall McLuhan, and Pitirim Sorokin.

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Montgomery Family
Papers, ca. 1650-1900. ca. 200 items.

Legal papers, correspondence, marriage settlements, genealogical tables, and memoranda of William Montgomerie of Brigend, Scotland, who emigrated to East Jersey, ca. 1701; pedigree of Alexander Forbes of Balogie; correspondence of John Burnet, merchant of Edinburgh, London, and New York, and of John Burnet, Jr., of Perth Amboy, N.J., chiefly with their sister and aunt Elizabeth Forbes, to 1755; genealogy of the Montgomery family in the United States, prepared by Thomas H. Montgomery, 1853, and others; copy (seventeenth century) of fundamental documents, accounts, and patents of East Jersey (1 vol.).

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Montigny, Étienne Mignot de (1714-1782)
French engineer and geometrician, treasurer of France
Reports on papers read to the Académie royale des sciences, Paris, 1746. 1 vol. (208 pp.).

Reports made for the Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres of papers by:

• Exupère Joseph Bertin
• Pierre Bouger
• Abbé de la Caille
• Jacques Cassini
• César François Cassini de Thury
• Alexis Claude Clairaut
• Marquis de Courtivron
• Henri Louis Duhamel de Monceau
• Étienne Louis Geoffroy
• Antoine Jussieu
• Charles Marie de La Condamine
• Pierre Le Monnier
• Paul Jacques Malouin
• Jean Dominique Maraldi
• Sébastien François Bigot, vicomte de Morogues
• Abbé Nollet
• Henri Pitot
• René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur

Most of the papers reported on are printed in full in Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences for 1745-1747.

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Montréal, Séminaire de. Les Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice
Indian manuscripts. Film. 10 reels.

From the Archives of the Order of Saint-Sulpice. Dictionaries, grammars, catechisms, prayers, Bible tales, etc., prepared by French missionaries in New France in Indian languages.

Table of contents (2 pp.).

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Mooney-Slater, Rose Camille LeDieu (1902-1981)
Physicist, crystallographer
Papers, 1917-1981. (11 lin. ft.).

Mooney-Slater was a professor of physics at Newcomb College, Tulane University (1926-1952), and the University of Florida (1966-1974). She was also a research physicist at University of Chicago, Manhattan Project, 1943-1944; National Bureau of Standards, 1952-1956; and MIT, 1956-1981.

This collection includes correspondence (4 ft.), diaries, manuscripts of publications, and research data and notes (6 ft.). The correspondence is mostly personal, with women friends and colleagues, and includes many of her often newsy replies. The letters with H. Anne Plettinger (20 folders, 1944-1976), a student and research assistant at the University of Chicago, are of particular note, with much news and gossip concerning the Physics Department at Chicago, and the Argonne National Lab.

There are letters (badly damaged) of her husband, John Clarke Slater, before their marriage, and there are also family letters from her sister and John Slater's children, after his death in 1976.

Correspondents include, among others:

• Ruth R. Benerito
• John S. Campbell
• Joann I.D.M.H. Kurbatov
• Raymond Pepinsky
• Clifford Elenwood Shull
• John R. Slater
• John H. Van Vleck
• Frederick W. H. Zachariasen

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Moore, E. M.
Collector
Autograph collection, 1816-1917. 153 letters and documents, 24 clipped signatures.

Many letters were addressed to Aubrey Lackington Moore, English writer who tried to reconcile evolution and traditional Christianity. Some discuss scientific questions of the day, but others are merely formal social notes of no significance.

Correspondents include:

• John Abernethy
• Sir Henry Wentworth Acland
• John Couch Adams
• George Bentham
• Elizabeth Blackwell
• Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard
• Sir Francis G. Darwin
• Charles Robert Leslie Fletcher
• Sir William Henry Flower
• Sir Francis Galton
• William E. Gladstone
• George Grote
• Sir William Jackson Hooker
• Thomas Henry Huxley
• William E. H. Lecky
• Sir Oliver Lodge
• Sir John William Lubbock
• Sir Richard Owen
• Sir James Paget
• Louis Pasteur
• George John Romanes
• William Thomson
• Sir George Otto Trevelyan
• Sir William Turner
• Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
• Alfred Russell Wallace

Table of contents (9 pp.).

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Moore, Ira.
Teacher, surveyor, engineer
Papers, 1848-1856. ca. 250 items.

Letters from relatives, friends, and former students, chiefly on family affairs, social events, and schools in Maine, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; receipts for personal expenditures; letters of recommendation for teaching positions and from J. P. Lesley for admission to Yale College, where Moore received the Ph.B. degree, 1855. Moore was Lesley's assistant in preparing the Pennsylvania Railroad maps of western Pennsylvania.

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Moran, Francisco
Spanish friar
Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Cholti, 1695. 1 vol. (182p.). Copy. In Spanish and Cholti.

A copy of Moran's "libro grande" (1625-1650), including two versions of the grammar, a vocabulary, and confessional materials. The first 3 pages are a narrative of Spanish missions, 1689-1692, by Thomas Murillo. The manuscript was described by Daniel G. Brinton in American Journal of Science, 2nd ser. 47 (1869): 224, and the work was published, in somewhat condensed form, by the Maya Society, Publication No. 9 (Baltimore, 1935).

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Moravian Church Archives
Records of the Moravian mission among the Indians of North America. Film. 40 reels.

From originals in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. For contents of the film see, Guide to the Records of the Moravian Mission among the Indians of North America (New Haven, 1970).

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Morellet, Abbé André (1727-1819)
Writer and philosophe
Commonplace book. Film. 1 reel.

From British Museum. Quotations, definitions, reflections, and anecdotes arranged alphabetically. There are some otherwise unrecorded anecdotes by Benjamin Franklin.

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Morgan, John (1735-1789)
Philadelphia physician and teacher.
Letters, 1763-1788. 27 items. Photostats & photocopies.

Nine of the letters are addressed to Sir Alexander Dick of Edinburgh, 1763-1768, and relate to Morgan's medical studies, his travels on the Continent, and the founding of the medical department of the College of Physicians. These are copies of originals in possession (1949) of Mrs. Dick-Cunyngham, Prestonfield House, Edinburgh.

In addition there are letters from Morgan to: Petrus Camper, William Smith, Samuel Vaughan, Jr.; and from Peter Collinson to Camper; Camper to Morgan; S. Vaughan Jr. to Camper; and an exchange between Christian F. Michaelis and Camper. These concern Morgan, with mentions of fossils (mastodon bones in America), natural history, comments on Franklin, Jefferson, and Angelica Kauffmann. These are from originals in the P. Camper Papers, on deposit (1976) at the University of Amsterdam Library. These letters are individually indexed in the card catalog in the library.

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Morgan, Lewis Henry (1818-1881)
Ethnologist, anthropologist.
Journal and letters. Film. 2 reels.

From University of Rochester Library. Includes a record of letters received from Indians.

Table of contents (11 pp.).

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Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866-1945)
Zoologist. APS 1915.
Papers, ca. 1919-1947. ca. 800 items.

The principal letters in this collection are to Otto L. Mohr concerning problems and progress in genetics, the Nobel Prize, etc., with some account of Mohr and his family under the Nazi occupation of Norway, 1940-1945. Included with this group is a partial biographical essay on Calvin Blackman Bridges.

In addition there are papers concerning the financial affairs of Morgan's estate, and the estates of Mrs. Lilian V. Morgan (wife), and Ellen K. H. Morgan. This group includes Morgan's 1895 passport, and a letter from Reginald R. Gates.

Further described in Bentley Glass, Guide to Genetics Collections...

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Morley, Sylvanus Griswold (1883-1948)
Archaeologist. APS 1940.
Diary, 1905-1947. 39 vols. Typed.

Beginning with his college life at Harvard, Morley's diaries continue through his earliest travels in Central America, with information on the study of Mayan hieroglyphs, publications, the study of Central American ruins, and the manners and customs of the jungle Indians. Five volumes are devoted to four separate archaeological expeditions; Copan expedition, 1937; Uxmal expedition, 1941-1942; Central American expedition, 1944 (2 vols.); and Guatemala and Honduras expedition, 1947. There are no diaries for 1908-1911, 1913, 1926-1930, 1933-1936, 1938-1940, 1943. For a description, see Alfred V. Kidder, "The Diary of Sylvanus G. Morley," APS Proc. 103 (1959): 778.

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Morris, Anthony (1766-1860)
Merchant, Pennsylvania legislator.
Papers, ca. 1690-1830. ca. 250 items.

This collection is primarily correspondence, accounts, bills, and receipts of Anthony Morris, but also included is older material on the Morris family (deeds, indentures, etc.). The correspondence centers on two major topics: settlement of the estate of a Baron de Kalb, and information concerning Morris's proposal to set up the Fellenberg Institute of agricultural education on his estate at Bolton Farm in Bucks County. There is also material concerning the estate of the Philadelphia watchmaker Isaac Price. Other significant correspondents include: Joel Barlow, Emmanuel Fellenberg, Samuel Roberts, John Stuart Skinner, and Roberts Vaux.

Table of contents (3 pp.).

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Morton, Charles (1627-1698)
A system of physicks, ca.1700. 1 vol. (141 pp.).

Charles Morton's "System of Physicks" was among the most important texts in natural philosophy in early America, used to teach science and the scientific method to students at both Harvard and Yale from the late 1680s through the 1720s. This fair copy was probably transcribed at one of those institutions in about 1700, and is a fairly complete accounting of Morton's best known work.

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Morton, Samuel George (1799-1851)
Physician, naturalist, anthropologist. APS 1828.
Papers, 1819-1850. 1.75 lin. feet.

Through his craniometic studies of human races, the Philadelphia physician Samuel George Morton exerted a profound influence on the development of physical anthropology in antebellum America, and made substantial contributions to mineralogy, paleontology, and natural history. Relating primarily to Morton's scientific interests, the Morton Papers include insights into Morton's perspectives on education, medical practice, geology and mineralogy, craniology, paleontology, the Wilkes Exploring Expedition (also known as the United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842), and his two major monographs, the Crania Americana and Crania Aegyptiaca. Several letters in the collection were written by Morton in his capacity as corresponding secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Also included in this collection are Morton's "Some Remarks on the Infrequency of Mixed Offspring Between the European and Australian Races" (1850), Joseph Barclay Pentland's notes on the aborigines of Peru (ca. 1840?), and newspaper clippings on Morton's death; a diary of Mortn's trip to the West Indies, 1833-1837, a set of craniological sketches for use in Crania Americana, and a microfilm of letters in private hands, written to Morton, 1838-1844.

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Motulsky, Arno G. (1923-
Geneticist. APS 2003.
Papers, 1930's-2000's. 128 lin. feet.

A medical geneticist trained at the University of Illinois, Arno Motulsky became interested in blood-borne diseases while serving in the army. In 1953 he obtained a position as a hematology instructor at the University of Washington and went on to found the University's medical genetics division and serve as its head. Motulsky developed and broadened his research interests to include hematologic genetics, clinical genetics, population genetics, and color vision genetics. Motulsky undertook research that established him as a founder of pharmacogenetics, the study of genetically determined drug reactions. He conducted important research in lipid disorders with coronary heart disease and in establishing paradigms for understanding the genetics of human traits. He has written numerous definitive articles, and authored or co-authored texts still used in the field.

The Motulsky Papers include the full run of his professional correspondence, conference material, works by Motulsky, and material related to his work in Africa which led to documenting the first evidence of the AIDS virus. He served on the president’s commission for the study of ethical problems in medicine and biomedical research.

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Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815)
Lutheran clergyman, botanist. APS 1785
Journals, 1777-1815. 2 vols. (ca. 1100 pp.). In German.

A record of daily occurrence, with many features of a commonplace book, for this contains prescriptions, notes of questions asked candidates for the Lutheran ministry, the plan of a barn, etc. There is also a biographical account of Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (1711-1787).

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Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815)
Lutheran clergyman, botanist. APS 1785
Letters from Christian Frederick Heinrich Dencke, 1798-1811. 19 pieces. In Latin and German.

On botanical matters, with special reference to descriptions and identifications in Dencke's herbarium.

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Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815)
Lutheran clergyman, botanist. APS 1785
Writings on botany and natural history, 1784-1813. 24 vols.

Written in Latin or German script, in a tiny hand, this great mass of materials, probably of considerable significance, has seldom been used and never entirely studied with care. For some information on the manuscripts and their author, see C. Earle Smith, Jr., "Henry Muhlenberg - Botanical Pioneer, APS Proc. 106 (1962): 443. For convenience, the material is presented here in essentially chronological order.

1. Botanice, 1781. 1 vol. In Latin. Catalog of plants, with special reference to North American species, identified and described according to a disused system of Linnaeus. (580 M89b)
2. Botanisches Tagebuch, 1784-1785. 1 vol. Journal and daybook, with lists of botanical specimens, meteorological observations, notes of travel, personal and church affairs, etc. (580 M89bo)
3. Calendarium florae, 1785. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89c)
4. Sammlung von Beiträgen zur Kenntnis der Natur, 1785-1804. 1 vol. A collection of notes and articles on natural history, especially that of Pennsylvania; description of Lancaster, Pa.; observations on agriculture; lists of plants and herbs, etc. (580 M89a)
5. Natur-tagebuch, 1786. 1 vol. Diary for 11 January 20 June, kept irregularly, with descriptions of plants and grasses, record of purchases, medical recipes, comments on weather, etc. (580 M89n)
6. Agricultural journal, 1786. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89a)
7. Botanisches Tagebuch, 1786-1790. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89de)
8. Nachschrift von Baümen und Stauden, 1787. 1 vol. In German, Latin, and English. Description of trees and shrubs, including red cedar, dogwood, acacia, pine, which he had seen growing wild or cultivated in the vicinity of Lancaster, Pa. (580 M89p)
9. Pflanzen die ich noch nicht nach dem Linn, bestimen kann, weitl,uftich zu meinem eignen Verbessern beschrieben im Jahr 1788. 1 vol. Descriptions of plants, from herbs and cassia to cryptogamis, which he has seen but plans at a later date to describe more fully. (580 M89f)
10. Flora Lancastriensis: botanisches Tagebuch, 1790-1799. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89f)
11. Monographien von Gewächsen aus Lancaster, 1790. 1 vol. (580 M89mo)
12. Monographia plantarum Lancastriensis, 1792. 1 vol. In Latin and German. Descriptions of trees, shrubs, and plants, including local names in German, English, and Indian languages. Bound with No. 12 is "Samlungen von dem was ich aus dem Thierreich habe bemerken können, 1 vol. This contains Muhlenberg's observations of animals, birds, and insects in and near Lancaster; and also a list of the native animals of Vermont. (580 M89m)
13. Cryptogama Lancastriensia, 1791. 1 vol. In Latin, German, and English. Botanical notes on ferns, mosses, fungi, lichens, etc., especially those found in the vicinity of Lancaster, Pa. (586 M89c)
14. Lichenes Lancastriensis, 1791. 1 vol. In Latin and German. (586 M89c)
15. Descriptio plantarum ex aliis partibus Americae septentrionalis, 1792. 1 vol. Notes on herbs, shrubs, and trees from North America. (580 M89c)
16. Agrostographia Pensilvanica, 1792. 1 vol. In Latin and German. Descriptions of the grasses of Pennsylvania. (584.9 M89)
17. Fungi Pensylvaniae mediae. 1 vol. In Latin and German. Fungi observed and described, 1793 and later. (589.2 M89)
18. Plantae crytogamicae Lancastriensis, 1795. 1 vol. In Latin and German. (586 M89p)
19. Fortsetzung meines Journals von Botanic und der Natur- historie, 1799-1807. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89fo)
20. Botanisches Tagebuch, 1807-1815. 1 vol. Much the same as No. 2 above. (580 M89bo)
21. Catalog of the hitherto known plants in the United States, 1808. 1 vol. Bound with this is Folio plantarum Lancastriensium, 1808. 1 vol., with 222 figures. (586 M89ca)
22. Botany, a notebook. 1 vol. An early version of the author's Catalog of the Hitherto Known . . . Plants of North America. In this volume is a catalog of plants found in Burlington and Gloucester Counties, N.J., by C.S. Rafinesque. (580 M89bota)
23. Gräser die bei Lancaster wild wachsen. 1 vol. In German. Lists of grasses seen in the vicinity o Lancaster or on his travels, such as meadow grasses, white timothy, miller's grass, sedges, etc. (584.9 M89g)
24. Botanical notebook. 1 vol. In Latin. Descriptions of plants, with some sketches; extracts from published descriptions of oaks, pines, etc.

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Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815)
Lutheran clergyman, botanist. APS 1785.
Letters, 1779-1815. Film. 1 reel.

From Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Correspondents include C. D. Ebeling Alexander von Humboldt, Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, and others.

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Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815)
Lutheran clergyman, botanist. APS 1785.
Observationes botanicae de plantis Americae septentrionalis, 1807 11. Film. 1 reel.

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Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus (1823-1854)
Politician, biographer
Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus Philip (1782-1844)
Clergyman, politician.
Papers. Film. 11 reels.

Principally personal correspondence, business and legal papers of two prominent Pennsylvania-German citizens, each of whom represented his district in Congress. Correspondence with the elder Muhlenberg, mostly on Democratic politics and Lutheran church business, is from:

• William Bigler
• Earl of Buchan
• Simon Cameron
• DeWitt Clinton
• William J. Duane
• Henry Helmuth
• Henry Horn
• William J. Leiper
• Charles B. Penrose
• John Meredith Read
• Joseph Reed
• Richard Rush
• Henry Simpson
• Daniel Webster
• Lloyd Wharton-Bickley

Correspondents of the younger Muhlenberg include Benjamin H. Brewster, George M. Dallas, John K. Kane, Robert M. Patterson, and Seth Salisbury. There is also a group of letters to and from Muhlenberg relating to his biography of General Peter Muhlenberg. The collection includes a volume of commissions.

Table of contents (41 pp.).

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Muhlenberg Family
Papers, 1769-1866. ca. 100 items.

Miscellaneous letters, letter books, books, certificates, diplomas, etc., of various members of the family. Among them are: letters and papers to and from General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (1746 1807) and officers of the Continental Army on military affairs in the Southern Department during the American Revolution, 1772 1804; letters to Albert Gallatin, Nathanael Greene, Edward Hand, Winthrop Sargent, Baron von Steuben, the earl of Stirling, and George Washington; General Muhlenberg's journal of trips to the Ohio, 1784 and 1797; also letters and notes of Gotthilf H. E. Muhlenberg (1753 1815), including a diary kept at Halle, 1771, and extracts of 30 letters to Stephen Elliott of Beaufort and Charleston, S.C., 1808 15; also letters of Henry A. Muhlenberg about his biography of General Muhlenberg, 1848-1849; also letters of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (1711-1787); also a letter book of Peter Muhlenberg, paymaster of the U.S. Army, kept at Augusta and Savannah, Ga., 1836-1842; also a group of certificates and diplomas, including G.H.E. Muhlenberg's diploma from Halle, 1769, General Muhlenberg's certificate of membership in the Order of the Cincinnati, civil and military commissions signed by Presidents Jefferson, Madison, Jackson, and Lincoln. Included are photostats of materials in the William L. Clements Library, Essex Institute, New York Historical Society, Harvard University Library, Indiana Historical Society, New York Public Library, Henry E. Huntington Library, Yale University Library, and Wisconsin Historical Society.

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Muir, James (d. ca. 1796)
Philadelphia bookbinder
Ledger, 1782-1789. (ca. 100 pp.). Photocopy.

From Historical Society of Pennsylvania. A record of his work for Robert Bell, Francis Bailey, Joseph Crukshank, Mathew Carey, Thomas Dobson, William Prichard, William Young, Charles Varlo, and other printers and accounts; with a few entries to 1795.

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Mulhern, Edward (d. 1833?)
Dissertation on the doctrine & principles of magnetism &c., 1829. 1 vol. (41 pp.).

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the American Philosophical Society regularly received letters, and occasionally full blown manuscripts, from members of the public regarding their ideas on science or technology. In 1829, Edward Mulhern of Philadelphia submitted a manuscript on terrestrial magnetism that he felt had implications for navigation. Little is known about Mulhern other than that he died before 1833.

Mulhern's "Dissertation on the doctrine and principles of magnetism &c." is an attempt to work through some fundamental issues in terrestrial magnetism, including the relative orientation and positions of the geographic and magnetic poles, with an eye toward their impact on navigation. The APS Minutes for April 15, 1833, read: "An application from Alex Mulhern to have returned to him a paper on the 'doctrine of Magnetism' laid before the society by his deceased father, was received and the Librarian was directed to return the same.'"

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Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey (1792-1871)
Geologist. APS 1860.
Correspondence, 1829-1871. 40 items.

This is a miscellaneous collection of letters concerning geology, geological exploration of Russia, entomology, glaciers, appointments in the British Museum, Geological Society of London business, Royal Geographical Society, references to David Livingston, and zoology. Correspondents include:

• Charles Babbage
• Henry Walter Bates
• William Buckland
• Hugh Falconer
• Michael Faraday
• Robert Hunt
• Sir John Kirk
• Dionysius Lardner
• Gideon Algernon Mantell
• Sir Richard Owen
• Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston
• Hewett Cottrell Watson
• Thomas Webster

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Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey (1792-1871)
Geologist. APS 1860.
Letters, 1830-1867. 32 items. Photocopy.

These are letters written from America, to Murchison, discussing geological, natural history, and contemporary topics.

The correspondents are:

• Louis Agassiz
• James D. Dana
• Edward Everett
• George Featherstonhaugh
• James Hall
• Richard Harlan
• Isaac Lea
• Henry D. Rogers
• P. Campbell Ross
• Benjamin Silliman, Sr.
• Lardner Vanuxem

Table of contents (1 p.).

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Murphy, Grace Emeline Barstow (1888-1975)
Author, conservationist
Papers, 1835-1973. ca. 3500 items (4 lin. ft.).

Consists primarily of correspondence and writings by Murphy. The correspondence is both family and professional, the former being largely of a social nature and including letters of her grandfather (Amos Chafee Barstow), mother (Mrs. Grace P. Barstow), and sister (Mary Mason Barstow). Much of the correspondence with her sister reveals Murphy's interest in, and dedication to, conservation. There are articles and speeches pertaining to her interests in conservation or relating to the various trips she took with her husband, Robert Cushman Murphy. There is an "Around the World" diary of 1957; an account, "My Antarctic," 1969; notebooks on Antarctica, 1967; and an account of Venezuela, 1945. There is also correspondence with Helen Keller.

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Murphy, James Bumgardner, 1884-1950
Pathologist
Papers, ca. 1918-1950. (15 linear ft.).

A pathologist and cancer specialist, James B. Murphy spent most of career associated with the Rockefeller Institute (1911-1950) investigating the role of lymphocytes in tuberculosis, x-ray mutagenesis, and the nature of malignant tumors in fowls. The Murphy Papers contains professional correspondence and research notes relating to James B. Murphy's cancer research at the Rockefeller, and information on several of the organizations to which he contributed or belonged, including the American Association for Cancer Research; American Bureau for Medical Aid to China; American Cancer Society; Bar Harbor Medical and Surgical Hospital; Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory; Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer (New York City, ca. 1932-1950); National Advisory Cancer Council; and the New York Academy of Medicine (1923-1950). Murphy helped to develop mobile laboratories for hospitals in France during World War I.

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Murphy, Robert Cushman (1887-1973)
Zoologist, ornithologist, oceanographer. APS 1946.
Papers, ca. 1907-1973. ca. 13,000 items (19 lin. ft.).

This collection contains primarily correspondence, but includes articles and addresses by Murphy, as well as scrapbooks, photographs, and other miscellaneous volumes documenting his career. He was a pioneer in the study of the ecology and biogeographic zonation of oceanic birds. From his earliest travels to South America and the Antarctic regions in 1912, until his Australia voyage in 1971, Murphy continually explored animal and bird life as a scientist, and also as a concerned citizen who became one of the earliest advocates of conservation and ecology. His correspondence reflects these varied interests, as well as containing information about his professional positions at the Brooklyn Museum (Curator of Mammals and Birds, 1911-1917), and at the American Museum of Natural History (various positions, 1917-1973). There is material of interest concerning the American Geographical Society, American Philosophical Society, the Antarctic, and DDT spraying data.

Correspondents include:

• John C. Armstrong
• Enrique Avila
• R. H. Beck
• Charles Banks Belt
• Isaiah Bowman
• Paul Brooks
• Richard E. Byrd
• Rachel Carson
• Frank M. Chapman
• Edward S. Deevey
• Roger A. Falla
• Wayne M. Fauna
• Charles Alexander Fleming
• Adolphus Washington Greely
• Gilbert Grosvenor
• Ernst Mayr
• Margaret Mead
• Lewis Mumford
• Roger T. Peterson
• William H. Phelps, Jr.
• S. Dillon Ripley
• Vilhjalmur Stefansson
• William Vogh

Table of contents (79 pp.).

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Murphy, Robert Cushman (1887-1973)
Zoologist, ornithologist, oceanographer. APS 1946.
Journals, 1907-1971. 42 vols.

The diaries, journals, and observations of a naturalist, generously illustrated with newspaper clippings, photographs, letters, sketches, maps, and charts.

The contents are as follows:

1. Long Island and elsewhere, 1949-1959.
2. Baja California, 1915.
3. Florida fisheries, 1919. West coast of Florida and North Carolina capes.
4. Tring, 1932. Visit to England to secure the Rothschild collection of birds for the American Museum of Natural History.
5. Peruvian Littoral Expedition, 1919 20.
6. Peru, 1953-1954. Oceanography, fish, birds, fishing operations, guano.
7. Florida and the Gulf Stream, 1937.
8. Askov Expedition, 1941. Voyage in the schooner Askov along the coasts of Darien, Colombia, and Ecuador to the Malpelo Islands, investigating shorelines and outlying pelagic waters from points of view of geographer, oceanographer, and marine biologist.
9. New Zealand, 1947-1949. New Zealand flora, fauna, and sea-life; Seventh Pacific Science Congress.
10. New Zealand, 1947-1949. New Zealand flora, fauna, and sea-life; Seventh Pacific Science Congress.
11. Low Country, 1928-1947. South Carolina and southeastern United States.
12. Bermuda, 1951. Rediscovery of the cahow, or Bermuda petrel.
13. Coast to Coast, and Mexico, 1955-1956. A 12,000-mile motor trip to British Columbia, the west coast of the United States, and Mexico.
14. Around the World, 1957-1958. Ninth Pacific Science Congress.
15. Operation Deep Freeze, 1960. Cruise of the U.S.S. Glacier in Antarctica, to the head of the Bellingshausen Sea.
16. South Georgia Expedition, 1912-1913. Microfilm. Printed as Logbook for Grace. See volume 30 below.
17. Venezuela, 1952. Birds and fish of the coastal areas.
18. Philippines, 1953. Eighth Pacific Science Congress.
19. Europe, 1950. Congressus Internationalis Ornithologicus, at Uppsala.
20. Stranger Pacific Cruise, 1956. Journal of the Scripps Cooperative Oceanic Productivity Expedition.
21. San José Island, 1945. Flora and fauna of an island "which has had almost no human inhabitants since the extermination of the native Indians early in the 16th century."
22. Panama, 1924-1925. Third Pan-American Scientific Congress, Lima.
23. Logbook for Grace, Published, Logbook for Grace: Whaling Brig Daisy, 1912-1913. (New York, 1947). See vol. 23 above.
24. Europe, 1926.
25. Coast to Coast, 1951.
26. Inagua, 1956, 1958.
27. Long Island and elsewhere, 1960-1962.
28. Long Island and elsewhere, 1964-1965.
29. Long Island and elsewhere, 1965-1966.
30. Long Island and elsewhere, 1967-1968.
31. Chocó Expedition, 1937. Field work in the launch "Wilpet" between Panama and Ecuador.
32. Long Island and elsewhere, 1971.
33. Australia, 1971.
34. The Way of the Sperm Whale, 1912-1913. Photo essay on whale hunting and way of life, while aboard the brig Daisy.
35. The birds of Long Island, 1907.

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Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris
Miscellaneous manuscripts pertaining to America, ca.1716-1849. Film. 4 reels.

This contains documents relating to various aspects of North American botany (re plants of Carolinas, Louisiana, Canada); botanical gardens in America. Included is a notebook on fishes by C. A. Lesueur.

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