An Annotated Calendar of the Letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, American Philosophical Society

An Annotated Calendar of the Letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society
1799-1882
(2.5 linear feet)

Part II: Numbers 201-400
B D25

105 South Fifth Street * Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386

Arrangement

Detailed inventory

201. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Feb. 25th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

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Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 291. At beginning of letter is: glad to hear about [Richard] Owen; expects "many & bitter sneers" from Owen; glad Lyell used the same safe and true argument as [Herbert] Spencer's to the Bishop [?Samuel Wilberforce]. At end of letter is: sends portion of letter from [Heinrich Georg] Bronn which shows that Bronn is thinking more about [Darwin, Origin (1859)]; Bronn will translate it himself; has had letter from Sir W[illiam] Jardine, who opposes CD, but attack on CD's ornithological accuracy by Jardine is worthless; Jardine says Andrew Murray has read paper against CD;¹ does not know if degraded Aspicarpa flowers make fruit, but some other degraded flowers are abnormally fertile; agrees with criticisms of H. Spencer; has read Spencer's essay on population in which Spencer "publishes such dreadful hypothetical rubbish on the nature of reproduction."²

Note: 1. "On Mr. Darwin's Theory of the Origin of Species," Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 4 (1857-1862): 274-91.
2. "A Theory of Population, Deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility," Westminster Review, 57 (January-April, 1852): 468-501.

202. To [Joseph LEIDY]; Down (type 2)

[1860] March 4th.

Typed copy of ALS;¹ 11 x8.5 2p.

B D25.1

Thanks for note of December 10 and valuable bundle of Leidy's publications; Leidy's palaeontology is highly regarded; Leidy's support is especially valuable because most palaeontologists "despise my work"; all older geologists except [Charles] Lyell are even more vehemently opposed; several younger geologists, however, support CD, especially on imperfection of geological record; is delighted that Leidy has evidence to support CD because, although CD himself will continue to work on the subject of evolution, "the sole way of getting my views partially accepted will be by sound workers showing that they partially accept them. I say partially, for I have never for a moment doubted, that though I cannot see my errors, that much in my Book [Origin (1859)] will be proved erroneous."

Note: 1. Original of this letter is at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

203. To [Charles] LYELL; Down.

[1860 March] 12th [wmk. 1859]¹

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

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Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 295.

Note: 1. This letter might be dated incorrectly by CD, since Lyell's species notebooks show him visiting CD until March 13, and this latter date seems like a more natural one for this letter. See Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 363 and 398. For further discussion of Greeks, see ibid., 364-65.

204. To [Charles] L[YELL]; no location

[1860 late March-early April]¹

AL, S by init.; 4.5 x7; 2p. (enclosure wanting)

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Lyell is kind; hopes enc. will do; did not mention personal qualifications, of which CD is ignorant; could not allude to "precedent under [Robert John Eden,] L[or]d Aukland" because CD knows nothing about such precedent, not even whether there was a naturalist [?on the expedition]; will write to [Edward] Blyth in afternoon.
Next portion printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 297-98.

Note: 1. This letter must have been written after the publication of Sedgwick's review of Darwin, Origin (1859), which appeared in the Spectator on March 24, 1860, and it must have been written before the letter to Asa Gray dated April 3, [1860], printed in Life and Letters II, 296-97, because this letter claims that CD and Lyell agree that Sedgwick is the Spectator's reviewer.

205. To [Albert] WAY; Down (type 2)

[?1860]¹ April 7th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.125

Wants to know history of strongly marked domestic breeds of animals; thinks archaeologists may know when dray horses were first recorded; does Way know any archaeologists who can help on this point; should CD ask for help in Notes and Queries, "though that is a periodical I have no means of seeing"; "Eheu Eheu, the old Crux Major days are long past."²

Note: 1. The combination of type of Down address variant used on this letter with a watermark of 1859 occurred, apparently, only between late 1859 and mid-1860.
2. See Barlow, ed., Autobiography, 62-63. Panagaeus crux-major, a species of beetle, was collected by CD and Way while they were classmates at Cambridge.

206. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Apr. 10th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 8p.

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Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 300-01. p. 300, line 5, add: "I have got [the first number of the short-lived journal called] `The Future' [published April, 1860], but cannot clearly make head or tail of it." p. 300, line 28, missing name is [Richard] Owen. p. 301, line 8, add: "makes me say that the dorsal vertebrae of pigeons vary & refers to page where the word dorsal does not appear. Sneers at my saying a certain organ is the branchiae of Balanidae; whilst in his own `Invertebrata'¹ published before I published on cirripedes, he calls them organs without doubt branchiae." p. 301, line 10, missing name is Owen. At end of letter is: "How hard it is to please everyone. I told [Joseph Beete] Jukes that I sh[oul]d leave out in any next Edition [of Darwin, Origin] about the Weald,² & he demurred greatly & said `he almost fancied he had written [it] himself,' as he bravely told [Roderick Impey] Murchison."

Note: 1. Richard Owen, Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Invertebrate Animals... (London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843), 158.
2. Cf. Darwin, Origin (1860), 285ff, and ibid. (1861), 308; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 483-85, lines 57-71.

207. To [Heinrich Georg BRONN]; Down (type 2)

[1860]¹ Ap. 13 [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 1p.

B D25.75

Thanks for [Bronn's] "Untersuchungen uber [sic] die Entwickelung" and two copies of "Morphologische Studien," just received; will send extra copy of latter to "some good man"; thanks also for portrait.

Note: 1. Date and correspondent are obvious from the contents, as the following indicates: Bronn's books are Untersuchungen über die Entwickelungs-Gesetze der organischen Welt... (Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, 1858) and Morphologische Studien über die Gestaltungs-Gesetze der Naturkörper überhaupt... (Leipzig and Heidelberg: C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, 1858). CD offered the extra copy of the latter book to Thomas Henry Huxley; see More Letters, II, 232 (letter 566).

208. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Ap. 15th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 303-04. p. 303, line 4, after "noticing", add: "[Richard] Owen's".

209. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Ap. 27th/ 28th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 8p.

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Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 30 (letter 403). At beginning of letter is: thanks for [John Strong] Newberry;¹ "the non-comittal [sic] men do not always most help a science"; sent "clever review" by [Antoine Auguste] Laugel² & address of President of Tyneside Naturalists;³ regarding dogs, although the case is doubtful, CD favors multiple origins, but prefers not to nommit himself until he can weigh all evidence; given the volume of discussion since [Peter Simon] Pallas, "I do not at all believe that [Richard] Owen did not know perfectly well some of the wild Canidae to which I alluded"; dogs of the world mingle the bloods of the European wolf, two distinct North American wolves, probably the Guyana dog or wolf, and probably (according to Pallas and Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire) several wild races of jackal; will compile facts in present volume,⁴ but not in Origin; [John William] Dawson's remark on variability of Canidae will be hard to prove;⁵ has received Lyell's budgets; thanks for drawings, sent on to Paris; supposes that [William Benjamin] Carpenter calls Vertebrata a class and birds an order, but this is unusual, and estimating the value of groups is "hopelessly difficult"; case of spitz dog is from [Johann Matthäus] Bechstein, [Gemeinützige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands nach allen drei Reichen, 2nd ed., 4v. (Leipzig: Bey S. L. Crusius, 1801-1809), I, 638]; case of sheep and goat in Chile is "nearest case [ever] of reversion to one pure parent by repeated crosses"; such reversion is easy, and the number of generations needed to do it with various plants has been set by [Karl Friedrich von] Gärtner and perhaps [Joseph Gottlieb] Kölreuter; such reversion has been effected with Phasianus colchicus and P. versicolor; but Lyell refers to reversion only when hybrids are bred inter se, so Lyell's case seems "very wonderful & improbable"; is interested in Lyell's closing remarks.

Note: 1. Probably "Notes on the Ancient Vegetation of North America," Am. J. Sci. (Silliman's J.), 29 (1860): 208-18.
2. See Revue des Deux Mondes, April 1, 1860.
3. Probably in Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 4 (1858-1860).
4. Darwin, Variation under Domestication, 2v. (1868), esp. chap. 1.
5. Dawson, Archaia (Montreal: B. Dawson & Son, 1860). Lyell was reading this book at the time; see Life of Lyell, II, 332.

210. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] May 4th [wmk. 1859]¹

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 261-62. At beginning of letter is: has been promised, and will send, an arrowhead found in peat by Col. Erskine in Aberdeenshire, which was found with many others in one place "where there were stones pitted for the manufacture"; similarly, John [William] Lubbock [Baron Avebury] says flints in France are found in such vast numbers in peat that M. [Jacques] Boucher [de Crèvecoeur] de Perthes said Lubbock might take as many as he liked; these facts remove great difficulty in case of gravel-bed celts, viz. their large numbers; hopes Lyell will return to France; it took sketch by Lubbock to make positions of celts clear to CD; case deserves months of work; will keep [John Strong] Newberry's interesting paper [see preceding letter, above]; pleased at how strongly Newberry asserted existence of American continent since Palaeozoic times; suspects CD's "crude notion" of cause for our ignorance of pre-Palaeozoic deposits will be shown to be true. p. 261, line 8, add: look at Spirifers arranged by [John William] Salter.²

Note: 1. Printed version is incorrectly dated January 4, 1860.
2. See Life and Letters II, 366-67.

211. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 May] 8th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 306-07. At beginning of letter is: Lyell's letter contained "much news"; did not know that, despite efforts of [Roderick Impey] Murchison, the Cambrian, or [Joachim] Barrande's primordial, has been separated from the Lower Silurian; sorry that CD shall not be in London [?to attend meeting of Geological Society of London] on 16th because CD wanted to hear papers;¹ has written to [John William] Lubbock, [Baron Avebury], about meeting; will stay at home because daughter Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] has remittent fever [malaria]. p. 306, line 6, add: concerning aster, remembers paper by Asa Gray and another that gives cases of two forms specifically distinct but "perfectly united by intermediate varieties or links." p. 307, line 5, add: "I do not suppose that this is much of honour; but".

Note: 1. G. P. Wall, "On the Geology of a Part of Venezuela and of Trinidad," Q. Jl geol. Soc. Lond., 16 (1860): 460-70; and E. Lartet, "On the Coexistence of Man with Certain Extinct Quadrupeds...," ibid., 471-79.

212. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] May 18th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 8p.

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Printed: Life and Letters II, 308-09. p. 308, line 7, add: Thanks for letter of 15th; new facts about man are interesting; [Thomas Taylor] Lewis takes account of rabbit and hare from Isidore Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, but CD did not see original account; would like to ascertain origin of original hybrids because there is an old variety called "Hare-rabbit"; gives similar case of "pheasant-fowl" hybrids that were really varieties; wants to see [Hermann] Schaafhausen's pamphlet on natural selection;¹ has ordered "Canadian Mag."² p. 309, line 5, add: ill health and interruptions slow CD's progress; "I can very plainly see, as I lately told [Joseph Dalton] Hooker, that my Book [Origin (1859)] would have been & [would] be a mere flash in the pan, were it not for you, Hooker & a few others." At end of letter is: daughter Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] is slightly better, has been ill three weeks; has read [?review of Darwin, Origin (1859)] by [Dominique Alexandre] Godron and found it commonplace, in contrast to "capital paper on Means of Distribution";³ has received eight-page poem, in unknown hand, "quizzing & lauding" CD and his [Origin]; in case CD had not mentioned before, some time ago a Manchester newspaper published a "very good & long quiz...showing that I had proved that `might was right' was the universal law of nature."⁴

Note: 1. "Über Beständigkeit und Umwandlung der Arten," Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl., 10 (1853): 420-51.
2. This refers, perhaps, to John William Dawson, "Review of `Darwin on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,' " Can. Naturalist, 5 (1860): 100-20.
3. "Considérations sur les migrations des végétaux et spécialement de ceux qui, étrangers au sol de la France, y ont été introduits accidentellement," Mém. Acad. Stanislas, 1853; 329-67.
4. See Life and Letters II, 262.

213. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] May 22d [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 151 (letter 102). At beginning of Letter is: encloses letter from A[sa] Gray "received this morning"; Appletons [American publishers of Darwin, Origin] are gentlemen [for paying a royalty to CD], but payment for edition of 2,500 copies was not large;¹ sends Isidore G[eoffroy Saint-]H[ilaire] on hare-rabbit, page 222;² glad to know author of reportedly "savage" [review in] North British Review, not yet read by CD;³ [CD's son] William at Norgate says medical review referred to by Asa Gray is [William Benjamin] Carpenter's;⁴ sorry to trouble CD with [Adam] Sedgwick in Cambridge paper.⁵ At end of letter is: Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] is the same, has been ill over three weeks; "What a fact about the Coral Land Shells!!!"

Note: 1. See: Historical Records Survey, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Works Projects Administration, Calendar of the Letters of Charles Robert Darwin to Asa Gray (Boston: Historical Records Survey, 1939; reprinted Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1973), 25; and "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. Histoire Naturelle Générale des Règnes Organiques..., 3v. (Paris: Victor Masson et Fils, 1854-1862), III, 222. This is probably the correct reference, even though the date of publication of volume 3 is too late (i.e. 1862); perhaps CD had a proof page.
3. [John Duns], "On the Origin of Species.... By Charles Darwin...." N. Br. Rev., 32 [American ed., 27] (May, 1860): 245-63. For identity of the anonymous author, see Life and Letters II, 311.
4. "The Theory of Development in Nature," Br. for. med.-chir. Rev., 25 (1860): 367-404.
5. "Professor Sedgwick on Darwin's Theory," Cambridge Chronicle and University Journal, Isle of Ely Herald, and Huntingdonshire Gazette, May 19, 1860, pp. 3-4. See also: More Letters, I, 149n; and Darwin and Henslow, 203-07 (letters 111-114).

214. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 June] 1st Friday night [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p.

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Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 314-16. At beginning of letter is: has sent for H[enry] Holland to aid local doctor in treatment of Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter], whose fever is nearly five weeks old; has sent A[ndrew] Murray's reviews, containing "weak" speculations;¹ has not misrepresented [Jörgen Christian] Schiödte.² p. 315, line 5, change "....I have" to "I have ordered the Future,³ & have". At end of letter is: sends Asa Gray's letter, despite its insignificance; never attended to gestation of dogs because domestic gestation periods are so variable, but has now begun inquiries; greyhound stud observed for CD had yielded periods of 60 or 61 to 65 or 66 days; lowness of rodents does not decrease fertility of hybrids, since even algae are subject to same laws as higher animals.

Note: 1. Francis Darwin claims that there were two Murray reviews in the same place (Life and Letters II, 261n). I could find only one, as follows: Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 4 (1857-1862): 274-91.
2. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 138.
3. See Future: A Journal of Philosophical Research and Criticism, 1 (1860).

215. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] June 6 [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 8p.

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Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 317-19. At beginning of letter is: Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] is still ill; H[enry] Holland saw her on Sunday [June 3] and predicted long recovery; [Samuel] Haughton's review in "Dublin Mag. of Nat. Hist."¹ is "more coarsely contemptuous" than that of [John] Dunns [sic: Duns] in N. Br. Rev. [see CD to Lyell, May 22, 1860, above]; Haughton's "ignoring in his remarks on Bees' cells the almost exactly intermediate comb of Melipona" is unfair. p. 317, line 1, missing name is "[Haughton]". p. 317, line 18, add: "or Quinarianism." p. 318, line 18, add: "& likewise (if you can spare) [Edward William] Binney on Coal² & [Herman] Schaafhausen or some such name on Natural Selection [see CD to Lyell, May 18, 1860, above]." p. 318, bottom line, add: in Darwin, Origin [(1859), 137], attributed blindness of cave animals exclusively to disuse, not selections of chance varieties, but was hasty about insects, overlooking bearing of fact that blind genus Adelops lives under moss out of caves; possibly also genus Anophthalmus (a "Carabidous" beetle) was blind and "extra-cavernal"; "It seems not unlikely that a blind insect would be less inconvenienced in dark cave than other insects, & would become tenant"; several passages in review by [Andrew] Murray [see previous letter, above] were unclear. p. 319, line 4, add: "[Dominique Alexandre] Godron puts well [see CD to Lyell, May 18, 1860, above] the little effect of climate, which...becomes stronger...on my mind. I do not say confidently food."

Note: 1. "On the Form of the Cells Made by Various Wasps, and by the Honey Bee; With an Appendix on the Origin of Species," Proc. nat. Hist. Soc. Dubl., 3 (1859-1862); 128-40.
2. "Sketch of the Drift Deposits of Manchester and Its Neighbourhood," Mem. Manchr. lit. phil. Soc., 8 (1848): 195-234. See also: Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 404 and 480.

216. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 June] 14th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 5p. and 1p. enc. @ 4.5 x7.25 (other enclosures wanting)

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 319-20. At beginning of letter is: Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] is in slightly worse health; CD cannot walk; sends extract of letter from [Edward] Blyth, who is grateful to Lyell for help concerning Chinese expedition;¹ encloses letter from [William] Hopkins; fancies Hopkins is "horrified about man; I have told him that I thought man must be included under same category with animals"; returns four pamphlets; does not see much in Binney [see previous letter, above]. p. 319, line 5, add: "It is no wonder [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz denies varieties in animals, when he calls even the same forms in two distinct countries, two Species." At end of letter is: after much puzzling, does not know what A[ndrew] Murray meant [see CD to Lyell, June 1, 1860, above] by "Agassiz & ab ovo". End. reads: Blyth says there is account of flint tools found in ice in [Elizabeth Juliana Leeves] Sabine's translation of [Ferdinand Petrovich, Baron von] Wrangell's [i.e. Vrangel's] Voyage² on page 117 of introduction; this find relates to issues like mastodon found in ice, and is worth checking; Blyth thinks Eskimos, when first discovered, had no iron tools, and he refers to essay³ by J[ohn] Richardson.

Note: 1. See the following letters, all abstracted above: CD to W. H. Sykes, December 20, 1859; CD to Lyell, December 29, 1859; and CD to Lyell, late March-early April, 1860. See also Loren C. Eiseley, "Charles Darwin, Edward Blyth, and the Theory of Natural Selection," Proc. Am. phil. Soc., 103 (1959): 154-55.
2. Narrative of an Expedition to the Polar Sea..., tr.... by Mrs. Sabine, ed. by E. Sabine (London: J. Madden and Co., 1840).
3. "Esquimaux: Their Geographical Distribution," Edinb. new phil. J., 52 (1852), 322-23.

217. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] June 17th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

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Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, I, 154 (letter 105). line 24, add: Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] is slightly better in health, has been ill for exactly seven weeks.

218. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[1860]¹ June 18 [?wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 1p.

B EY83

Please send to CD any authentic cases of duration of gestation in dogs; hounds, otter-hounds, or any breed will be acceptable.

Note: 1. Portion of a watermark on this letter appears to be 1860. Also, dimensions of stationery and Down address used fit a dating of 1860. Finally, CD was studying gestation of dogs for the first time in June, 1860; see CD to Charles Lyell, June 1, 1860, above.

219. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 June] 20th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

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Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 155-56 (letter 106). p. 155, line 8, change "surely we" to "surely as we".

220. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 June] 25th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p. (enclosures wanting)

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Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 155n. At beginning of letter is: encloses authentic arrowheads, with note describing location of discovery, which were sent to CD by Mrs. Moir, mother-in-law of Col. Erskine.¹ line 4, questionable word is definitely "record". At end of letter is: because of bad stomach, will give up, reluctantly, his plans to attend [B.A.A.S. meeting at] Oxford [June 27-July 4]; will leave Thursday [June 28] for one week of water cure at Dr. [Richard James] Lane's, Sudbrook Park, Richmond, Surrey; will not stay longer because Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter], while better, is still ill; thanks for letter just received; returns unimpressive letter from [John William] Dawson;² wishes to borrow Dawson's review [of Darwin, Origin (1859)]; on Dawson's letter, it "would be insanity to compare evidence of organic change with geological change, at present, as far as strength of evidence goes. But what inches of elevation on coast of Sweden are to great mountains so are the numerous varieties & endless doubts what to call species & what varieties, to undoubted species. I entirely deny that there is no evidence of change. But time alone will bring naturalists round, when they find that they can explain many facts on such views as mine, & cannot on view of creation."

Note: 1. See CD to Lyell, May 4, 1860, above.
2. For Lyell's comments on Dawson's letter, see Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 457-58.

221. To [Charles] LYELL; Sudbrook Park/ Richmond

[1860 July] 5th. Thursday [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p., plus 1p. fragment of AD by Lyell @ 6 x5 Fragment removed + Carroll no. 172

B D25.L

Thanks for note; glad Lyell is going to Amiens; while there, please explain high and low dispersion of flint gravel; also glad Lyell to investigate post-glacial period; Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] moved to Hartfield on Tuesday; leaves on Saturday; glad CD did not attempt [B.A.A.S. meeting at] Oxford; "[Thomas Henry] Huxley, [Joseph Dalton] Hooker & J[ohn] Lubbock (as I am pleased to hear) seem to have stuck up for modification of Species like Trojans"; Asa Gray also goes on fighting for CD's theory;¹ thinks "we shall in long run conquer"; likes [article by William] Hopkins in Fraser's Magazine,² but regrets "soul-discussion"; difficulties alone "make a very damaging review"; Lyell's facts convinced CD for first time that hare-rabbits are hybrids; could not confirm this before.³ Enc. is entitled "C. Darwin/ On Species & Creation" and is merely a list of such headings as "Bermuda & Madeira Birds why like Continental--" and "Primrose & cowslip".

Note: 1.?See Historical Records Survey, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Works Projects Administration, Calendar of the Letters of Charles Robert Darwin to Asa Gray (Boston: Historical Records Survey, 1939; reprinted Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1973), 27-28.
2. "Physical Theories of the Phenomena of Life," 61 (1860): 739-52; and 62 (1860): 74-90.
3. See: CD to Lyell, May 18, 1860, above; CD to Lyell, May 22, 1860, above; and Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 105 and 105n.

222. To [Charles] LYELL; Hartfield

[1860] July 30th

ALS; 10.5 x8.25 2p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 327-28. At beginning of letter is: have been at Hartfield three weeks because Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] is still ill; return home in few days [August 2]; H[enry] Holland saw Etty few days ago, predicted long recovery; has seen no one except [Joseph Dalton] Hooker for hour or two at Kew. p. 327, line 9, add: "considering [Richard] Owen's aid [by the way it seems generally admitted that Huxley smashed Owen at Oxford]¹ [CD brackets]; it quizzes me really in capital style". p. 328, line 3, missing name is "Owen". p. 328, line 5, add: "Owen is really wonderfully clever in his malevolence."

Note: 1. Reference is to Thomas Henry Huxley at the B.A.A.S. meeting at Oxford from June 27 to July 4, 1860.

223. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] August 11th

ALS; 10.5 x8.25 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 331-32. At beginning of letter is: thanks for letter; have been home about a week; Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] improving, but anxiety over her has interrupted CD's work. p. 331, line 11, missing name is [Richard] Owen. p. 331, line 14, add: A[sa] Gray "argued capitally" for CD at second discussion [of natural selection] before American Academy [of Arts and Sciences]; Owen sent copy of "one of his Reports, so he does not wish to come to quarrel with me." p. 331, line 20, add: Rudolf Wagner has published in Germany an abstract of [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz, [An] Essay on Classification [London: Longman & Co., 1859] in relation to `Darwin ansichten' and concludes that truth lies between CD and Agassiz, which "will make Agassiz savage"; [Thomas Henry] Huxley says [Karl Ernst Ritter] Von [sic; von] Baer [Edler von Huthorn] "goes a long way with us,...has spoken publicly &...will perhaps publish on subject." p. 331, line 24, add: there is a very good, geological, favorable third article [on natural selection] in London [Quarterly and Holborn] Review, author unknown. p. 332, line 7, add: Mrs. [Frances Harriet Henslow] H[ooker] and baby [Brian Harvey Hodgson Hooker] are at Worthing; latter is ill.

224. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Aug 28th

ALS; 10.5 x8.25 2p.

B D25.L

While in London lately, heard that Sir G[eorge] Grey found his wife [Harriet Spencer Grey] in bed with "Capt. Keppell"; saw [Hugh] Falconer, who spoke of "tiny new species of Elephant from Malta"; Asa Gray's review [i.e. part two of "Darwin on the Origin of Species"] in August Atlantic Monthly [6 (1860): 229-39] is excellent, argumentative;¹ Gray is "a first rate arguer" who "most completely understands the subject"; CD has been abused in Catholic journal; glad that "Rajah Sir J[ames] Brook" is well again; work going well, today finished dogs;² still believes dogs descended from "several wild stocks"; sent Athenaeum and Quarterly Review.

Note: 1. For a recent reprint and a full publication history of this review, see Asa Gray, Darwiniana..., ed. A. Hunter Dupree (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1963), 72n and 85-105.
2. Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 15-43.

225. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Sept. 1.

ALS; 10.5 x8.25 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 334-37. p. 336, line 22, after "applies", add "perhaps". p. 336, line 29, change "clear" to "close".

226. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Sept. 12th

ALS; 10.5 x8.25 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 339-41. p. 339, line 5, add: "Even if his mind had not been full of [thoughts about his trip to] Syria he could never have conjectured your precise line of thought." p. 340, line 13, add: cannot estimate number of species " `extinguished in a given time' "; passages on pages 168 and 313 [of Darwin, Origin (1859) or (1860)] are not contradictory, because "Mere variability & variability taken advantage of & selected are widely different considerations"; gives example of rudimentary organs; has not been guarded enough in claim that Ammonites became extinct relatively suddenly compared to other families [see Origin, 321-22]; has alluded to much extinction and modification in great intervals between formations; thinks it striking that in southern Chile near Concepcion, there are apparently Tertiary beds with Ammonites and Baculites. p. 341, line 7, add: Darwins go to sea [Eastbourne] in about a week [Sept. 22].¹

Note: 1. For Lyell's letters to CD during this period, see Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 467-69, 472-77.

227. To [Charles] LYELL; 15 Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860 September] 23d Sunday

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 10p. and 2 sketches

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 341-44. p. 341, line 6, add: has sent review by A[sa] Gray;¹ as Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. has printed [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's article,² will ask its editor [William Jardine] in fairness to reprint Gray at CD's expense and with Gray's name attached; Gray's review good because it gives so much of [Francois Jules] Pictet [de la Rive]; "The Annals, I fear, have very small circulation"; misunderstood Lyell on types; mentions health of Etty [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] and death of the [Thomas Henry] Huxleys's son [Noel Huxley]. p. 342, lines 12 to 14, add in left margin: "[Richard] Owen if he chose to attend to such view could work this out." p. 342, line 20, add: was silent because unsure that there was fossil rodent in Australia, but thought not; as to Australia's especial suitability for marsupials, "I have always thought it a gigantic hallucination of Owen.--not to mention Rodents"; dingo was wild long before South Australian volcanic outburst, and there are many marsupial species in Brazil; also, New Guinea, although humid, is tenanted by marsupials as exclusively as Australia; despite antiquity of dingo (referred to in dog MS³), thinks dingo introduced by man, and if so, this bears on antiquity of man; if dingo existed outside Australia then it is not aboriginal in Australia; [René Primevère] Lesson says same about dog of New Ireland, but Lesson not to be trusted; likes case of tree stump living by natural grafting of roots, wants reference on it; thinks case confined to Coniferae.⁴ p. 342, line 27, add: [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's remark in [Josiah Clark] Nott and [George Robins] Gliddon⁵ on coincidence of color alone being a fleeting character "does not go for much in his comparison of man & anthropoid apes."

Note: 1. See CD to Lyell, August 28, 1860, above.
2. "Prof. Agassiz on the Origin of Species," Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 6 (1860): 219-32.
3. Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 15-43, in manuscript.
4. See also Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven; Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 476.
5. Louis Agassiz, "Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World and Their Relation to the Different Types of Man," in J. C. Nott and G. R. Gliddon, Types of Mankind; Or Ethnological Researches... (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1854), lxxv.

228. To [Charles] LYELL; 15 Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860 September] 26th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 8p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 167-69 (letter 112).

229. To [Charles] LYELL; 15. Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860 September] 28 Friday Evening [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 8p. (slightly mutilated)

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 345-46. At beginning of letter is: mentions Lyell's letter; extinction of Ammonites is "a most singular fact" despite what Lyell says about great breaks in upper chalk; Lyell may obtain Atlantic Monthly at Trubners. p. 345, line 6, add: "but in very difficult points, &". p. 346, line 2, add: has asked A[sa] Gray where [Karl Ernst Ritter] Von [sic; von] Baer [Edler von Huthorn] makes statement about guinea pig, which is worthless unless there is new evidence about wild parent; denies that aperea of La Plata and southern Brazil is the wild parent stock; guinea pig was domesticated when America was discovered; von Baer has read [Darwin, Origin (1859)] approvingly; would keep [?i.e. breed] hybrid hare-rabbit himself, but still would not have evidence of hybridity of any specimens obtained from France; [Abraham Dee] Bartlett is correct to try to cross wild hare and rabbit, but he should try several races of rabbit.

230. To [Charles] LYELL; 15 Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860] Oct. 3d [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 11p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 169-72 (letter 113). p. 169, line 1, add: "The Dog MS is safe at Down." p. 171, line 37, add: Lyell's remarks on Ammonites, cuttlefish, and Hippurites are interesting;¹ will think about keeping the rabbits; Isidore G[eoffroy] S[ain]t Hilaire, of whom CD has very good opinion, only knows the case second hand; [Richard] Owen "sneers at [Geoffroy Saint Hillaire]; & I daresay he [?] is not [to] be trusted on Homologies";² do not trust Sclagenweit [i.e. Hermann Rudolf Alfred von Schlagintweit-Sakünlünski and Robert von Schlagintweit] about yaks;³ "there are many reputed species (laying on one side question of fertility) not so distinct as negro & white man."

Note: 1. See Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1970), 497.
2. For Geoffroy Saint Hilaire on homologies, see Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection, 298 and 298n.
3. Hermann and Robert Schlagintweit, "Notes on Some of the Animals of Tibet and India," Rep. Br. Ass. Advmnt Sci., 27 (1857), pt. 2: 106-08. See also Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection, 438 and 438n.

231. To [Charles] LYELL; 15 Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860 October] 5th Friday [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 172 (letter 114). line 8, change "creative" to "creation". At end of letter is: bats are "washed out of my head"; species in Madeira, collected by Mr. Mason [?], are European; does not remember about Palma specimens, given to [Robert Fisher] Tomes of Welford; did not get Azores species; "I had heard nothing of the sales of `Origin' [i.e. Darwin, Origin] for months, & am much pleased to hear that the sale continues; this surprises me"; has not received second Atnaltic article,¹ meant for [Francois Jules] Pictet [de la Rive]; has not received theological dialogue;² [Hugh] Falconer, who is only man who has facts correct, is critical of Isidore Geoffroy [Saint Hilaire]; will check on St. Helena concerning [? Geoffroy St. Hilaire's] conjecture about number of plants exterminated; St. Helena was woody in late periods; see Darwin, Journal of Researches; is "wasting time shamefully" on Drosera experiments which are "perverse & crooked"; Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] is gaining strength; [Heinrich Georg] Bronn has appended chapter of objections at end of translation;³ Miss Ludwig has translated it for CD.

Note: 1. Asa Gray, "Darwin on the Origin of Species [Part II]," Atlantic Monthly, 6 (1860): 229-39. See CD to Lyell, Aug. 28, 1860, above.
2. "Discussion between Two Readers of Darwin's Treatise on the Origin of Species, upon Its Natural Theology," Am. J. Sci. (Silliman's J.), 30 (1860): 226-39.
3. Darwin, Über die Entstehung der Arten... [German Origin], tr. into German by H. G. Bronn (Stuttgart; Schweizerbart'sche Verlag, 1860).

232. To [Charles] LYELL; 15 Marine Parade/ Eastbourne

[1860] Oct 8. [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p. and 1p. enc. [broadside advertisement for C. R. Bree, Species Not Transmutable,... (London: Groombridge and Sons, 1860)], @ 7.5 x5

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 346-47. p. 347, line 19, add: has written to Down about missing reviews [see preceding letter, above]; believes southeast and southwest corners of Australia were islands, with latter older and more typical; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker has speculated on this in Introduction;¹ so have [Joseph Beete] Jukes and CD himself in review² of [George Robert] Waterhouse's [A Natural History of the] Mammalia [2v. (London: H. Ballière, 1846-1848)]; in Saturday's Athenaeum, Jukes answered capitally Sir [Henry] James's "wild speculations" on change of earth's axis.³ p. 347, line 24, add: Miss L[udwig] says [Heinrich Georg] Bronn is very difficult German [see preceding letter, above]; has not heard of Bovey Coal Plants;⁴ hopes [Charles James Fox] Bunbury will undertake them and that Bunbury's new position will not interfere with his science; does not know [Charles Robert] Bree, perhaps the son of Rev[eren]d [William Thomas] Bree, "a good miscellaneous observer of habits of all creatures...& Botanist."

Note: 1. See CD to Lyell, Sept. 2, 1859, above, esp. my note 2.
2. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 19 (1847): 53-56, esp. top of 56.
3. See More Letters, II, 140n.
4. See Life of Lyell, II, 346-47 and 349-50.

233. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Nov. 20

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 4p. and 4p. enc.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions; More Letters, I, 461 (letter 351). At end of this portion is: Lyell's chapters must be difficult but are worth much labor; fears that Lyell's volume on geological history of man [i.e. The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man (London: John Murray, 1863)] "will slip through your fingers"; does not think [Joseph Dalton] Hooker has criticized [Edward] Forbes; H[ewett] C[ottrell] Watson has abused Forbes in Cybele [Britannica; Or, British Plants and Their Geographical Relations, 4v. (London: Longman & Co., 1847-1852), I, 465-72], but it is not well done. Next portion and enclosure printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 349-51. p. 350, after signature, add: Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] goes on well, but is weak. p. 350, right column of enclosure, line 3, change "alludes to" to "attacks".

234. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Nov. 24th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 4p. @ 8 x5, 2p. @ 8 3/4 x5.5 6p.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 352, lines 1 to 10.
Next portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters III, 319-20. At end of this portion is: Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield, CD's daughter] goes on well, but doctors say rapid progress is impossible; Drosera and dreadful illness for last six months has made progress on CD's larger book "almost nothing".
Next portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 352-53, beginning where first portion ended. p. 352, line 4 of this portion, missing name is "[Richard] Owen".

235. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Nov. 25th

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 6p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 137-40 (letter 491). p. 139, line 29, change "the great" to "that great [an]".

236. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Dec. 4th

ALS; 8 x6.5 5p.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 140-41 (letter 492). p. 141, line 10, add: "How far to lump & split species is indeed a hopeless problem. It must in the end, I think, be determined by mere convenience." At end of this portion is: glad to hear that Lyell continues to "stir them up" at Zoolog[ical] Soc[iety of London].
Next portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 352n. At end of this portion is: there is an article¹ on Darwin, Origin, in Macmillan's Magazine; has not yet read [John] Phillips, [Life on the Earth, Its Origin and Succession (Cambridge: Macmillan and Co., 1860)].

Note: 1. Henry Fawcett, "A Popular Exposition of Mr. Darwin on the Origin of Species," 3 (December, 1860): 81-92. For a recent reprinting, see David L. Hull, Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973), 277-90. See also Life and Letters II, 299.

237. To?; Down (type 2) To: Edward Walford

[Jan-Apr. 1865]¹ 22d [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7.5 x5; 2p.

B D25.69

Would be proud to be one of their series [?of photographs of famous persons], but cannot spare time for special trip to London and is not likely to be there on business soon; will call on Mr. Edwards during the summer, when next in London.

Note: 1. Watermark sets lower endpoint for date. Type of Down address employed was last used in 1861, which sets upper endpoint.

238. To Ch[arles] LYELL; no location

[1861] Feb. 2d [end. Febry 3d. 1861; pmk. FE 3/ 61]

ALS; 8 x6.5 2p. and env., add. [Sir Ch. Lyell/ 53. Harley St/ London (W.)], end. [C. Darwin/ Febry 3d. 1861; C. Darwin/ Feb. 1861/ Agassiz &/ Bowen/ (unintelligible word--PTC)]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 359-60. p. 359, line 6, change "the lengths" to "the very absurd lengths". p. 359, line 13, change "[Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz admits" to "Agassiz (foolish man) admits". At end of letter is: "I sent Calcutta Review a couple of days ago."¹

Note: 1. [Edward Blyth], "[Review of] On the Origin of Species," Calcutta Review, 35 (1860): 64-88. See also Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item R.61.

239. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 2)

[1861] March 4th [end. March 1861; wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 2p., end. [C. Darwin/ March 1861]

B D25.S

Is working on skeletons of rabbits; wants from [Zoological] Gardens [of Zoological Society of London] one of the two Russian rabbit bucks donated by CD; will skeletonize it, and does not want skull damaged; has signed Sclater's certificate [for membership] at Royal Soc[iety of London]; would like to see a recent paper on skeleton of hybrid hare-rabbit, if Sclater has spare proof of same.¹

Note: 1. Probably Edwards Crisp, "On Some Points Relating to the Habits and Anatomy of the Oceanic and of the Freshwater Ducks, and also of the Hare (Lepus timidus) and of the Rabbit (L. cuniculus), in Relation to the Question of Hybridism," Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1861: 82-87. Read on February 26, 1861. See also Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 126n.

240. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 2)

[1861 March] 12th [end. March 1861; wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 2p., end. [C. Darwin/ March 1861]

B D25.S

Thanks for rabbit [see previous letter, above]; glad Sclater likes Asa Gray,¹ which CD incorrectly thought he himself had sent to Sclater; will soon receive corrected Darwin, Origin [(1861)], which [John] Murray will soon distribute; glad Sclater has "become `heretical' on species"; was not surprised that Sclater was initially opposed to CD; "I cannot...respect anyone who has knowledge & can change his opinion suddenly on such a point"; please publish "a word on our side", as "those opposed write vehemently & those on our side are silent"; day before yesterday, had letter from "a Professor,² who dares not speak out."

Note: 1. Probably Gray, Natural Selection not Inconsistent with Natural Theology: A Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise on the Origin of Species, and of Its American Reviewers... (London: Trübner, 1861). See Life and Letters. II, 370-71. For a recent reprint of this three-part review, see Gray, Darwiniana..., ed. A. Hunter Dupree (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1963), 72-145.
2. Perhaps George Bentham; see Life and Letters. II, 292 and 292n.

241. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 2)

[1861] March 23d [end. March. 1861; wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p., end. [C. Darwin/ March. 1861/ about Birds]

B D25.S

Thanks for note; had not heard of Sclater's paper at Oxford;¹ could one conclude from known distribution of Gallinaceae that probability that a species of genus Gallus is endemic to South America is as low as that of endemic hummingbird from Old World; is it true that no species of Gallus is known in Africa and that probably no Gallus species wandered far from the metropolis of the genus in India and northern Malay Islands; where in Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. is described the Gallus Temminckii of G[eorge] R[obert] Gray?²

Note: 1. "Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Recent Terrestrial Vertebrata," Rep. Br. Ass. Advmnt Sci., 30 (1860), pt. 2: 121-22. The B.A.A.S. met at Oxford in 1860.
2. "Notice of Two Examples of the Genus Gallus," 17 (1849): 62-63.

242. To?; Down (type 2)

[?1861]¹ March 26th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 1p.

B D25.63

Thanks for corr.'s volume on old bones and for compliments.

Note: 1. Apparently the combination of Down address variant used in this letter and a watermark of 1860 is unique to the period mid-1860 to mid-1861.

243. To?; Down (type 2)

[?1861]¹ Ap. 1 [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 2p., end. [Chas. Darwin F.R.S./ Author of/ `Origin of Species']

B D25.206

Always thought corr. had many primroses; sorry for trouble; sends flowers; thanks for information about Oxalis; will repay corr. for Cypripedium and Dionaeas at one time.

Note: 1. Combination of Down address variant used with watermark provided year.

244. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1861] Ap. 12th [end. Apr. 13/ 1861; pmk. AP 13/ 61; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 6p. and env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ 53. Harley St/ London (W.)], end. [C. Darwin/ Apr. 13/ 1861/ Somme valley beds/ whether preglacial/ Ants in Texas planting]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 364-65.

245. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 2)

[1861 April] 21. [end. April 1861; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 3p. and end. [5642/ C. Darwin/ April 1861/ on Birds of/ S. America]

B D25.S

Enjoyed talk with Sclater; as Sclater is working at birds of S[outh] America, check CD's reference to three species of Opetiorhynchus in Darwin, Zoolog [y of the Voyage] of the Beagle [(1838-1843), pt. 3], Birds [by John Gould], p. 67, to confirm comments on observed differences in habits of species; do similarly for Scytalopus, p. 74; has made "horrid mistake" on O[rpheus] parvulus [pp. 63-64 and 67], a temporary name for a form of O[petiorhynchus] Patagonicus [p. 67]; Capt[ain C. C.] Abbot confounded O[petiorhynchus] vulgaris and antarcticus, which CD simultaneously observed and recorded to be closely similar except in habits;¹ Opetiorhynchus [Patagonicus, pp. 67-68] from Chiloe seems to be a case of intermediate variety.

Note: 1. Abbot, "Notes on the Birds of the Falkland Islands," Ibis, 3 (1861): 149-67; and Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle (1838-1843), Pt. 3: Birds, by John Gould, 66-68 and 149-50. The Abbot article is incorrectly attributed to the American, Charles Conrad Abbot, in Cat. scient. Pap., 1, 3.

246. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1861] May 4th [end. May 1861]

ALS; 8 x5; 5p., end. [C. Darwin/ May 1861]

B D25.S

Thanks for note with offer to insert in Ibis a notice by CD on habitats of Falkland birds; cannot write such notice, since CD's catalogs and notes prepared on the spot refer only to specimen number, not genus and species; wrote to [George Robert] Gray and [John] Gould, but could not find original specimen, as specimens [from Beagle voyage] were given to Zoological Society [of London] and distributed; "A false habitat is a positive mischief, worse than a species not appearing in a list", so after "careful work" by Capt[ain C. C.] Abbott [sic; Abbot], better to consider the two names errors than to give them without evidence; received letter from [Robert] Swinhoe announcing delivery to Sclater of a new rock pigeon and a wild Anser cygnoides, but CD must check these claims when next in London; perhaps pigeon is Himalayan rock pigeon.¹

Note: 1. For more on this letter, see the preceding letter above, and Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 237.

247. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON: Down (type 4)

[?1861]¹ May 5

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B EY83

Has received skeletons; needs name for untagged domestic cock in longest of four boxes received; is the "`Gungla' cock" a specimen of G[allus] bankiva or G[allus] Sonneratii;² other boxes contain the Hamburg and the call duck; is ill.³

Note: 1. CD studied the osteology of fowls and ducks in May, 1861; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. "Gungla" may be a derivative of the Indian (hindu) "gunga", or "market".
3. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 260-70.

248. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

[?1861]¹ May 6th

ALS; 8 x5; 5p.

B EY83

Thanks for prompt reply; without doubt, the [untagged] skeleton was duckwing game and the wild Gallus [i.e. the Gungla cock] was G[allus] bankiva, since every bone agrees; has two skeletons of Dorking, so send neither one of these nor G[allus] varius; do not send mounted skeletons; has examined 25 skeletons and about 55 skulls; skulls show only "differences characteristic of the breeds", but other bones show "much fluctuating variability"; thinks skeletons of various species of the same restricted genus or sub-genus differ only slightly; wants to quote Eyton's view that, in allied species, while there are plain differences in some parts of skeleton besides head, bones in wings and legs of all breeds are similar in configuration but not in length and thickness; will keep duck specimen [i.e. call duok; see previous letter] until CD gets to ducks in "a few weeks"; do birds with large topknot, such as curassows, have [skull] protuberances to support the topknot?²

Note: 1. CD worked upon fowls and ducks in May, 1861, finishing ducks on May 31; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. For more on this matter, see: preceding letter; and Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 260-70, and II, 332-33.

249. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

[?1861]¹ May 14th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B EY83

Thanks for invitation to London and to [town of] Eyton; wanted to visit London for two reasons, but is too ill; if ever visiting Shrewsbury again, will visit Eyton; answer briefly whether skeletons, except skulls, of birds of same restricted genus "do not generally very closely resemble each other", whether wing and leg bones are "generally very constant in form", and "whether in largely crested Gallinaceae the skull is protuberant to support the crest."

Note: 1. This letter clearly follows shortly after the preceding letter, above.

250. To James HUNT; Down (type 4)

[1861] May 28th [pmk. MY28/ 61]

ALS; 8 x5, 2p. and env., add. [James Hunt Esqr/ Hon. Sec. Ethnological Socy/ 4 St. Martins Place [London (W.C.)], end. [Darwin's/ Envelope]

B D25.33

Thanks to president and council of Ethnological Society for electing CD an honorary fellow; thanks for gift of first volume of Society's Transactions; thanks personally to Hunt for kind words in letter.

251. To?; Down (type 4)

1861 June 1st

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.19

Will value information, but do not hurry with it; unclear whether corr. is thinking of "a general course of scientific experiments in crossing or only in relation to Hollyhocks"; there is open field for "research in regard to crossing varieties which have been greatly neglected under a scientific point of view, though largely & loosely practised by gardeners. Species on the other [hand] have been largely experimented on. As you have lived so much abroad, German is probably quite familiar to you (I wish it were to me) & I would most strongly advise you to get [Karl Friedrich von] Gärtner [']s admirable `Versuche ueber die Bastardzeugung, 1849'¹ & study it"; suggests in minute detail some crossing experiments with differently-colored hollyhocks which breed true; experiment outlined by CD would be "very interesting on account of a wonderful statement on this head by Gärtner with respect to crossing white & yellow Verbascum"; would suggest further experiments with Pelargonium, but must not run on.

Note: 1. Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreich (Stuttgart: K.F. Hering, 1849).

252. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1861] June 2d [end. June 1861]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [5376/ C. Darwin/ June 1861/ abt Rabbits]

B D25.S

Has sent two rabbits from P[orto] Santo to the [Zoological] Gardens [of the Zoological Society of London] for temporary safekeeping; if they are like one brought by [Thomas Vernon] Wollaston in spirits, then they are curiosities, having been feral for 450 years and springing from one doe brought [to island] by [Joâo Gonçalvez] Zarco; specimen CD examined differed from common rabbit in skull, shape of dorsal vertebrae, in size greatly, in coloring, in color of upper part of tail, and in ears not being edged in black; thinks this may be "a new species!!"; must get rid of rabbits because whole household leaves for a two month stay at Torquay, probably beginning the 10th, because of illness of daughter [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield]; care for rabbits, interbreed them or cross them with other rabbits, and find out what [Abraham Dee] Bartlett [superintendent of Gardens] thinks of them; if one or both die while CD is away, send fresh carcasses to CD in Torquay.¹

Note: 1. For more on the rabbits, see Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 112-15. The visit to Torquay lasted from July 1 to August 27; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.

253. From Rich[ar]d OWEN; British Museum

1861 June 12

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. (enclosure wanting)

B OW2.14

Enclosed proof of note which CD will insert in his forthcoming " `Reply' " is "a correct statement of the relations of the passage I have printed on the use & meaning of the term `Creation', as used by Naturalists in some of their discussions, to the partial quotation from it in Prof. Baden Powell's Essay."

254. To [Rev. B. S. MALDEN of Canterbury]²; Down (type 4)

[1861]¹ June 15-16

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.81

Thanks for orchids; felt "boyish delight" at H[abenaria] viridis, but it is not a Habenaria; has now seen "every British Orchid...except the Lizard [Orchis hircina]", which CD hopes to get from corr. or from [G. Chichester] Oxenden; will begin soon to write paper [i.e. Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862)]; glad to see Aceras specimens, but they did not have the monstrous flowers; five of six specimens from Oxenden had such flowers; old specimen of O[rchis] fusca, like Oxenden's specimens, showed infertility caused by infrequency of insect visits; [in left margin--PTC] look for monstrous flowers on Aceras; [in right margin--PTC] monstrous flowers illustrate structure of Habenaria; knows "little of Botany", but thinks unspotted purple orchids with hollow stems are O[rchis] latifolia (which CD once saw) and white ones are O[rchis] maculata; glad to see state of pollen masses on corr.'s Canterbury Fly Ophrys [i.e. Ophry muscifera]; look at pollen masses on Bee O[phrys, i.e. Ophrys apifera] and especially on its variety, [Ophrys] arachnites, to see if the masses are either removed or simply fallen on own stigmas in oldish flowers; return slip from G[ardeners'] Chronicle; "June 16th P.S.", thanks for note; part about Lizard shall be kept private; thought O[rchis] militaris was same as O[rchis] fusca.

Note: 1. This year is written in an ink similar to that used by CD, but is apparently not in CD's hand.
2. See Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862), 43 and 78. Malden is the only person acknowledged by Darwin to have provided specimens of the Frog Orchis (i.e. Peristylus viridis or Habenaria viridis).

255. To [?F. SMITH, of the British Museum]²; Down (type 4)

[1861]¹ June 19th Wednesday

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.231

Pollen masses attached to [specimen of] Bombus hortorum [i.e. common bumblebee] are not from British orchid, but are from an exotic orchid of the group Epidendreae; suspects bee was caught near a hothouse; fears that corr. does not have "one of the sand-wasps with pollen-masses attached [?which you] alluded to [sic]", otherwise CD would have liked to have seen it; could easily ascertain whether the [leaf?] on the S[outh] American wasp was pollen; supposes insects in corr.'s own collection do not have pollen masses attached; ask Mr. Walker [?about pollen on his insects].

Note: 1. Year determined from variant of Down address used, day of "Wednesday" for June 19, and information in Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862), 164.
2. Correspondent is probably either Smith or Sir W. C. Trevelyan; see Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862), 164 and in index under "Smith, Mr. F". Smith was selected because CD's mention of corr.'s own collection implies that bumblebee specimen (which was Trevelyan's) did not belong to corr.

256. To Dr. BULLEN; Down (type 4)

[?1861]¹ June 27th

AL in third person; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.38

Thanks for sending "the orchid flowers with Diptera"; CD and a son of CD have just "made out" that "Orchis maculata is fertilised by the aid of Diptera."

Note: 1. June, 1861, was the beginning of CD's work on orchids; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.

257. To?; 2. Hesketh Crescent/ Torquay

[1861]¹ July 18th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

B D25.121

Cannot answer corr.'s questions; began to examine living corals nearly 30 years ago, but other pursuits have interfered and CD had forgotten what he knew; had studied "the effects of tranquil & disturbed water on their growth", but forgets his conclusions on this issue; thinks nearly all species were distinct; remembers having thought that classification of stony corals would be difficult; places "much trust" in [James Dwight] Dana, whose health has failed, regrettably.

Note: 1. Year determined by Torquay address; see "Darwin's Journal," 15 and 15n.

258. To [Charles] LYELL; 2. Hesketh Crescent/ Torquay

[1861]¹ July 20th

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 376. line 4, add: was "pleased, considering how many have attacked me on `Induction' &c. to hear...from...H[enry] Fawcett, that...J[ohn] Mill `...considers that your [i.e. CD's] reasoning throughout [Darwin, Origin (1859)] is in the most exact accordance with the strict principles of logic. He also says the method of investigation followed is the only one proper to such a subject.' Considering how high an authority he is, this pleases me much, & I think you will be pleased";² Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] has improved a little. At end of letter is: is writing long paper [i.e. Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862)] on fertilisation of orchids; "I almost wish I could have been completely idle here"; heaven knows when Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868) will be done; regards to wife [Mary Elizabeth Horner Lyell].

Note: 1. Year determined by Torquay address; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. See More Letters, I, 189-90 (letter 129). Cf. David L. Hull, Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973), 27-28.

259. To [Charles] LYELL; 2. Hesketh Crescent. Torquay

[1861 (?August 1)]¹ Thursday

ALS; 8 x6.25 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 190-92 (letter 130). At beginning of letter is: Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] and Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] are touring, has forwarded [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell's letter "with the sad account of [the death of Frances Elizabeth Appleton] Longfellow;² is surprised at Dutch translation [of Darwin, Origin],³ which should be left at Q[ueen] Anne St. p. 190, line 11, change "at in my orchids is" to "at, viz. Orchids, is". p. 192, line 18, add: William [Erasmus Darwin] will join Mr. [?Edmund Gibson] Atherley's Bank, needs a good introduction to Southampton from Lyell. At end of letter is: regards to Lyell's [traveling] party.⁴

Note: 1. Year determined by Torquay address; see "Darwin's Journal," 15. Month and day presumed from date of "2 Augt 1861" written in pencil in contemporary hand (not CD's) on manuscript.
2. See DAB, XI, 383.
3. This translation is not listed in Freeman, but see Life and Letters II, 357.
4. See Life of Lyell, II, 347.

260. To [Charles] LYELL; 2. Hesketh Crescent/ Torquay

[1861 August]¹ 13th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 192-93 (letter 131).

Note: 1. Reasoning for date same as for preceding letter; date written in pencil is "August/ 1861."

261. To [Charles] LYELL; 2. Hesketh Crescent/ Torquay

[1861] Aug 21 [end. 1861; pmk. AU21/ 61]

ALS; 8 x6.5 8p. and fragment of env., end. [C. Darwin/ returning M.S. on/ Sicily newer than species/ inhabiting it./ & on deification of Natural/ Selection./ 1861]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 193-94 (letter 132). At beginning of letter is: returns home [to Down] Monday 26th;¹ knows page well, has quoted it; approved of note appended by Lyell; sentence only needs "trifling modification"; "adaptation of species [which allows them] to travel widely over existing continents, will necessarily adapt them for occasional still wider transportation to new lands. I have used in Origin this argument to account for very wide range of F[resh] Water productions."² At end of letter is: sentence at p. 3 reads roughly.

Note: 1. Actual return occurred on August 27; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 383-88.

262. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1861]¹ Sept 6th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.166

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 188 (letter 524).

Note: 1. Year written on manuscript in pencil in unknown hand, but appears correct from context of letter.

263. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1861]¹ Sept. 10th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Thanks for interesting long letter; has no suggestions on subjects "gone out of my head"; dislikes [argument concerning] absence of organic remains"; there were [no organic remains] in Patagonia or T[ierra] del Fuego where shells were present, but from what CD has read of Greenland, suspects what Lyell now admits and [Robert] Chambers urges; is abundance of swimming animals any guide to shells, etc., living at bottom; [such] animals cannot live "where icebergs are habitually grounded"; see Darwin, ["On the Distribution of the Erratic Boulders and on the Contemporaneous Unstratified Deposits of South America,"] Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 [(1842): 180-88, at] 186; sorry Lyell must "alter & modify [his published treatment of]...this great subject"; admires Lyell's industry.

Note: 1. Year written on manuscript in pencil in unknown hand, appears contemporary.

264. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1861 Sept. 15]¹ Sunday Evening [?end. Sept. 15]

ALS; 8 x5; 5p., end.? [Sept. 15]

B D25.L

Thanks for interesting correspondence; [Thomas Francis] Jamieson is "a capital man"; has been performing experiments on Dionaea; Lyell is discussing a "grand subject", but CD cannot help with it; lake theory can account for absence of deltas on Lochaber shelves; submergence of 1,200 feet in Perthshire since glaciation is striking evidence concerning Glen Roy; has been looking at his [CD's] Glen Roy paper,² gives final arguments in favor of elevation and subsidence theory to explain Glen Roy; "But I suppose ice-lakes must be true cause"; disagrees with Lyell's claim in former letter that great glaciers in Scotland caused by great loftiness; glacial phenomena great in extent and prevalence [during ice age]; seems safest to assume great glacial period to be simultaneous until shown otherwise.

Note: 1. Month and day appear to be an endorsement by Lyell. Year is written in pencil on manuscript in an unknown hand and appears correct from context of letter.
2. "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839): 39-81.

265. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1861] Sept. 22d [end. Septr 1861]

ALS; 8 x6.5 5p. and end. [Darwin 81a/ Glen Roy/ Septr 1861]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 188-89 (letter 525). p. 189, line 6, change "found" to "formed". p. 189, line 14, change "alluded" to "attended".

266. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1861] Oct 1st [end. 1st. Oct 1861]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and fragment of env., end. [C. Darwin/ answer to/ Jamieson on/ Glen Roy/ 1st. Oct 1861]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 190-91 (letter 527).

267. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1861] Oct 14th [end. 1861]

ALS; 8 x5; 5p. and end. [(88)/ Darwin 1861/ on Jamieson revisit/ to Glen Roy]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 191-92 (letter 528). p. 191, line 15, change "Friesland" to "Finland".

268. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1861] Oct. 20th [end. Oct. 24. 1861.]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and fragment of env., end. [C. Darwin/ Oct. 24. 1861./ Glen Roy glaciers/ & ice-dams/ "land straits"]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 192 (letter 529). At end of letter is: has been working hard at orchids; "The subject is, I fear, too complex for the Public & I fear I have made a great mistake in not keeping to my first intention of sending it to Linnean Soc[iet]y; but it is now too late, & I must make the best of a bad job."¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). CD originally planned to write only a long essay on orchids, not a book.

269. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)²

[1861 October]¹ 23d.

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Has been dissecting; returns note; supposes that all believe Lyell's view that "water flowed out at head of valley where the lakes existed"; Glen Roy's " `intermediate shelf' " seemed like a plain shelf to CD, although [Thomas Francis] J[amieson] disagrees; intermediate shelf has been seen by everyone who visited Glen Roy; there is no outlet at this shelf, but [David] Milne[-Home] says there may be; valley should be searched for such outlets; "A man might spend his life there"; hopes J[amieson] will return to Glen Roy; "it is an opprobrium to British Geologists, that it shd. not be settled beyond dispute"; is disturbed by sloping, stratified, deposited detritus at all levels "by opening on a lake or arm of sea"; terminal moraine at mouth of Spean seems better than ice; "But if it were the sea, I cannot help a sneaking hope that the sea might have formed the horizontal shelves.--"³

Note: 1. Year and month written on manuscript in pencil in unknown hand, appears contemporary and correct, according to context.
2. Although written on stationery bearing the Down (type 4) letterhead, the page of the paper with this letterhead printed upon it is at the end of the letter; first page of manuscript text is headed simply "Down", in CD's hand.
3. See also: Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839): 39-81; More Letters, II, 171-93; Life and Letters I, 361-64; and Jamieson, "On the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, and Their Place in the History of the Glacial Period," Q. Jl geol. Soc. Lond., 19 (1863): 235-59.

270. To Madam [?Lady Dorothy Fanny Walpole NEVILL]²; Down (type 4)

[?1861]¹ Nov. 12th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.132

Dr. [John] Lindley has suggested corr. to CD as source of orchids; is preparing "small work" on orchids [i.e. Fertilisation of Orchids (1862)]; send two or three flowers of "any member of the great Tribe of Arethuseae," including "Limodoridae, Vanillidae &c.", especially "Mormodes & Cycnoches"; expects difficulty in shipping of delicate pollen masses; also wants Bonatea, Masdevillia, and "any Bolbophyllum with its lower lip or Labellum irritable"; wants "any genus with any remarkable peculiarity"; send large parcels to " `C. Darwin care of the Down Postman Bromley Kent' "; gives packing instructions.

Note: 1. This was the only November during which CD was preparing a "small work" on orchids; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.
2. Nevill was the only woman (note the "madam") acknowledged by CD in the orchid book; see Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862), 158n. The letter refers to the corr. as "your Ladyship"; Nevill was the daughter of an Earl and the wife of another relative of a peer.

271. To?; Down (type 4)

[ca. 1861-1869]¹ Feb. 24th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.98

Thanks for proofs; cannot form any judgment, but corr.'s view is ingenious; if accepted, it will be great step in knowledge of glacier movement.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

272. To [Peter Martin DUNCAN]; Down (type 4)

[ca. 1861-1869]¹ Ap 13

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.77

C[harles] Lyell says corr. pleased to receive coral specimens from Keeling Islands; will send some via Geolog[ical] Soc[iety of London]; once had more; habitat and station for each specimen is given; collected all but one specimen himself; has a few notes about soft parts of corals.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

273. To?; Down (type 4)

[ca. 1861-1869]¹ Sept. 8th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.150

Thanks for note and specimens; subject is worthy of a paper; hopes corr. has kept CD's queries; glad to hear about number of moults, but color is chief interest; tell briefly of differences of plumage of male, female, and young in two or three breeds, so CD can judge how far to pursue subject; Pile Game [a fighting fowl] would be good case; wants from breeders information of proportions of sexes of ducks and fowls; when at Manchester, find age of peacock when topknot appears; sorry corr. is ill.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

274. From Cha[rles] LYELL; no location

[1862 March]¹

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Has the shingles; thanks for letter; envies CD's being almost done [with Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids (1862)]; is working with printer himself; has been thinking about Glen Roy, needs CD's explanation; height of cols determines levels of [Glen Roy] shelves, not the variable heights of ice blockages; sees how ice dam caused lowest shelves in Glen Roy and Glen Spean, then another ice dam in Glen Roy raised waters even higher, but does not know how two ice blockages in one glen can cause two shelves, since lower would be destroyed when new ice blockage arrived, and since disappearance of old blockage before new blockage arrived would leave lower, formerly blocked col open for drainage; marine theory avoids this because top shelf is made first; return this note with answer, so Lyell can send it to [Thomas Francis] Jamieson; CD's brother [Erasmus Alvey Darwin] told of illness of CD's child [Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield].

Note: 1. This is clearly the letter which prompted the reply which follows below.

275. To [Charles] LYELL; Down

[1862] April 1st

ALS; 8 x6.5 3p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 192-93 (letter 530).

276. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1862] May 12th [end. May 1862]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [6105/ C. Darwin/ May 1862/ Abt. Peacock]

B D25.S

[Abraham Dee] Bartlett says that "Japanned Peacock" (Sclater's name for which [Pavo nigripennis--PTC] CD has forgotten) has appeared among ornithologist [Hudson] Gurney's birds; write to Gurney for particulars, or give Gurney's address to CD; wants to know "whether his birds appeared pure & whether any Japanned Peacocks lived anywhere near, so that there could have been a recent cross."¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 290-92.

277. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1862] May 14th [end. May 1862]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [C. Darwin/ May 1862/ Abt Birds]

B D25.S

Thanks for two notes; ask [Hudson] Gurney if he had any white or pied birds when P[avo] nigripennis appeared; in two of three cases mentioned by Sir R[obert] Heron [in "Notes," Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 3 (1835): 54-55], there were whites and pieds in lot; has four cases, thinks P. nigripennis a variety, no more surprising in origin than Himalayan rabbit;¹ if [Zoological] Gardens [of Zoological Society of London] have a white and a common peacock, cross them to see if P. nigripennis appears; "the effects of crossing are sometimes marvellous in bringing out old & lost characters or in producing new characters".

Note: 1. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 108-11.

278. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[1862] June 15th [end. 1862]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p., end. [1862]

B D25.TH

Read Darwin, "On the Two Forms, or Dimorphic Condition, in the Species of Primula,..." J. Linn. Soc. [(Botany), 6 (1862): 77-96]; Dr. [Hugh Algernon] Weddell says cinchona presents same case of some trees with long pistils and some with short; there must be reciprocal fertilization between two forms; please check this claim on Ceylon cinchona, using artificial fertilization if necessary to cross the two forms and produce strong plants; no need to castrate; suggests this because "the growth of Cinchona is so important for mankind [as source of quinine]"; is still working at this subject; such dimorphism seems common with Rubiaceae [family of cinchona and madder]; would like analogous cases.

279. To W[illiam] B[ernhard] TEGETMEIER; Down (type 4)

1862 June 20th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.23

Testimonial, letter of recommendation for position of curator for Hartley Institution. Excerpts printed: Life and Letters II, 53.

280. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[1862] June 20th [end. 1862]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p., end. [1862]

B D25.TH

Wrote to Thwaites on Primula [see CD to Thwaites, June 15, 1862, above] two days before receiving Thwaites's letter of May 15; is glad to hear of Sethia; Menyanthes is dimorphic, so is not surprised at Limnanthemum; compare by weight the output of two forms of Limnanthemum; on Malpighiaceae, mark the imperfect flowers, see if they set seed, see if they are closed, and see "whether the pollen-tubes are emitted from the pollen-grain within the anther & then penetrate the stigma", as is the case with imperfect flowers of Viola and Oxalis; thanks for "your Governor's letter"; "I suspect the dimorphism of Primula, is often, (though not at all necessarily) the high-road to dioeciousness."¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers (1877), 116 and 122.

281. To C[harles] LYELL; 1. Carlton Terrace/ Southampton

[1862] Aug. 22d. [end. Augt.24.1862; pmk. AU23/ 62]

ALS; 8 x5; 9p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ Albion Hotel/ Freshwater Gate/ Isle of Wight.], end. [C. Darwin./ Augt.24.1862/ Longevity of species/ in mammalia & in plants]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 387-89. At beginning of letter is: is answering [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell's letter of sympathy [for scarlet fever in family] to William [Erasmus Darwin]; Emma [Wedgwood Darwin], Lenny [i.e. Leonard Darwin], and Horace [Darwin] are still ill; will go to Bournemouth soon to be near other children; the [John William] Lubbocks have home in Chiselhurst; is glad Glen Roy is settled; moraines opposite L[och] Treig are important, as is slope inland, if proved.¹ p. 387, line 2, add: "I fancy [Thomas Henry] Huxley [i.e. Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (London: Williams and Norgate, 1863)] will be out sooner"; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker says book will be interesting. p. 388, line 5, add: "What an unblushing man he must be to lecture thus after abusing me so & never to have openly retreated, or alluded to my Book [Darwin, Origin (1859)]." p. 388, last line, add: cannot remember reason for not adopting fully and quoting Lyell's axiom of 1832. At end of letter is: Lyell's axiom may be true; remembers "considerable perplexity on subject"; thinks mammals and molluscs are "too remote from each other for fair comparison"; is tired; regards to wife and to work.
Also printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 203 (letter 140). The Life and Letters version is more complete and more accurate.

Note: 1. See Life of Lyell, II, 358.

282. To Ch[arles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1862] Oct. 1. [end. Sept 1. 1862]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir Ch. Lyell/ 53 Harley St/ London W.], end. [C. Darwin/ Sept 1. 1862/ Dr Falconer on Elephants/ & origin of species by/ variation/ Elephants failing/ group.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 389. At beginning of letter is: discussion of the " `Re`gne Humain' " is in Isid. G. [i.e. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire], Hist. Nat. Générale [i.e. Histoire Naturelle Générale des Règnes Organiques, Principalement Etudiée chez l'Homme et les Animaux, 3v. (Paris: V. Masson, 1854-1862)], II, chap. 7, 167; is Lyell done with [Friedrich] Rolle, [?C. Darwin's Lehre von der Entstehung der Arten in Pflanzen- und Theirreich in Ihrer Anwendung auf die Schöpfungsgeschichte Dargestellt und Erläutert... (Frankfurt am Main: J. C. Hermann, 1863]?¹ At end of letter is: enjoyed chat with Lyell.

Note: 1. Apparently CD received an advance copy of Rolle's book, for he cited it with a publication date of 1862, not 1863; see Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), II, 308n.

283. To?; Down (type 4)

[1862]¹ December 1st

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.200

Asks three questions about cases for plants, including stove plants; each question is answered in another hand than that of CD in spaces provided in letter for answers; concerning sizes, capacities, and prices of cases.

Note: 1. This year written in pencil in what appears to be a contemporary hand at top of first page of manuscript letter.

284. To [Henry Walter] BATES; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1862-1863] June 11th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 5.5 x3.5 2p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.247

Answer question contained in the enclosed, written by CD's brother-in-law [Hensleigh Wedgwood] who studies and writes on language; hopes Bates's book progresses;¹ is ill.

Note: 1. The Naturalist on the River Amazons..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1863). Years for this letter's date were determined from date of publication of this book, as well as of Hensleigh Wedgwood, On the Origin of Language (London: [Bungay], 1866).

285. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

[1862-1866]¹ Jan. 9th [1865]

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B EY83

Thanks for facts about breeding; wants to be told of any other striking cases; thanks also for promise to measure webs of feet of otterhounds; compare them with measures of foxhounds or harriers; has no opportunity to see dogs.²

Note: 1. Down address variant used to set lower endpoint, since this type of letterhead was introduced in mid-1861. Upper endpoint determined by date at which CD wrote last chapter of book that discusses webbed feet in dogs; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.
2. Eyton's measurements are discussed in Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 39-40.

286. To [?John Joseph BRIGGS]²; Down (type 4)

[?1863]¹ Feb. 2d [1865]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.141

F[rancis Trevelyan] Buckland says corr. might help CD; remembers article in Field, most likely by corr., on regrowth of fins of fish; wants citation and details of the case; wishes to quote case.³

Note: 1. Chapter of CD's book which refers to regeneration of dorsal fins in fish was written between Jan. 23 and April 1, 1863. See "Darwin's Journal," 16.
2. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), II, 15-16.
3. There is a two-page scrap which is catalogued with this letter; it reads: "communicated by Mr. A. [Fonblanque?] of the British Consulate at Alexandria to Mr. Darwin." There is more text not worth abstracting.

287. To [Charles] LYELL; Down

[1863 February]¹ 4th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 7.5 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Has just received "the great book [i.e. Lyell, The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man... (London: John Murray, 1863)]"; may go to London in evening if not ill;¹ will visit Lyell some morning; has skimmed pages on species; is glad Lyell discusses many of the "most important" points "not generally touched on by others. I have read last chapt[er] with very great interest.² By Jove how black [Richard] Owen will look"; Lyell is too civil to Owen; "I am getting more savage against him, even than [Thomas Henry] Huxley or [Hugh] Falconer. He ought to be ostracised by every Naturalist in England"; book will "give the whole subject of change of species an enormous advance."

Note: 1. Top of first page carries in pencil, perhaps as an endorsement by Lyell, the date "4 Feby 1863". CD was in London from February 4 to February 14, 1863; see "Darwin's Journal," 16. Date of publication of Lyell's book also agrees with a date of February, 1863.
2. On contents of last chapter of the book and Lyell's feeling about it, see Life of Lyell, II, 353.

288. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1863 February] 17th [wmk. 1860]

Als; 7.5 x5; 3p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 236 (letter 162).

289. To C[harles] LYELL; Down

[1863] March 6th [end. March 6./ 1863; pmk. MR 6/ 63]

Partly ALS, partly LS; 8 x6.5 12p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir C..../ 53..../ Lon...], end. [C. Darwin/ March 6./ 1863/ Meridional belts of warm & cold/ will not explain all the phenomena/ of distributions of species./ 8. Selection explaining adapta-/tions not enlarged enough/ More examples of rudiments./ 9. The fewness of individuals/ in islands prevents/ transmutation]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 11-12. At beginning of letter is: is disappointed to have put off [a visit to] Lyell, because CD would have talked over "many points & [Richard] Owen's false letter"; Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] wants CD to stop work and visit Malvern [water cure establishment] for two months; thanks for note; keep [James Dwight] Dana, [?"On the Higher Subdivisions in the Classification of Mammals," Am. J. Sci. (Silliman's J.), 35 (1863): 65-71]. p. 12, line 14, add over seven pages of comments upon passages from [Lyell, The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man... (London: John Murray, 1863], including, inter alia, the following: thinks glacier chapters are "almost the best in the book"; closing pages of chapter 19 are "magnificent"; "I think this discussion has interested me almost more than the antiquity of man. The gloss of novelty was worn off the latter, yet I have been deeply struck by the effect of the agglomerated evidence"; "It is of little consequence, but [Joseph Dalton] Hooker published his Essay [i.e. "Introductory Essay," The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery-Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843..., Pt. III: Flora Tasmaniae, 2v. (London: Lovell Reeve, 1860), I, i-cxxviii] a month after the Origin [i.e. Darwin, Origin (1859)].... I asked him"; "Who is [Nils Gabriel] Sefström?"¹ p. 12, line 16, add: wants [Richard] Owen's paper on the Aye Aye [i.e. "On the Aye-Aye,..." Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 5 (1866): 33-101]; "I am sorely tempted to expose in Athenaeum what rubbish Owen has written on the subject."

Note: 1. Some of the other comments are paraphrased in the endorsement. CD's comments discuss the following additional persons: [John] Evans; [Bartholomew James] Sulivan; [James] Smith of Jordanhill; [John Francis Julius von] Haast; [Andrew Crombie] Ramsay; [John William] Lubbock, [Baron Avebury]; and [Christian Friedrich Hermann] von Meyer.

290. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1863] March 12th-March 13th [end. March 14 1863]

ALS; 8 x6.5 8p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir...], end. [C. Darwin/ His doctrine not so/ Lamarckian as I make it./ March 14 1863]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 13-14. p. 14, line 21, add: last night Henrietta [Emma Darwin Litchfield], a "first rate critic", said: " `Is it fair that...Lyell...calls your theory a modification of [Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de] Lamarck's? Why is it more a modification of him, than of any one's else [sic]' "; her criticism is appropriate, but confidential; "I have more trust in your judgment than in my own, so I hope you may be right, as far as mere policy is concerned, in your very gentle statement of your belief"; thanks about Aye-Aye paper;¹ has written to "Sir Henry". p. 14, line 23, add: is interested in "Athenaeum controversy";² [William Henry] Flower puts well how [Richard] Owen "has falsely dragged in size of brain"; Lyell's answer good, except too civil in saying that Owen "must have forgotten what he said in Annals;³ it was a brazen lie, & ought not, I think, to have been treated so delicately." At end of letter is: has reread Lyell's letter; is ill; starts for [hydropathy at] Malvern after Easter holidays."⁴

Note: 1. See preceding letter, above.
2. See Life and Letters III, 8, 8n, and 9-10.
3. "On the Cerebral Characters of Man and the Ape," Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 7 (1861): 456-58.
4. CD visited Malvern from September 2 to October 14, 1863; see "Darwin's Journal," 16.

291. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1863] March 17th [end. March.17.1863; pmk. 63]

ALS; 8 x6.5 8p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 53. Harley St/ London W.], end. [C. Darwin/ on Lamarck--on other au-/thors claims for notice in/ `Antiquity of Man'/ March.17.1863]

B D25.L

Prined, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 15-17. p. 16, line 2, add: is astounded and grieved at part of Lyell's letter to [Joseph Dalton] Hooker about conduct of [Hugh] Falconer in "the monkey-case"; early part [of Lyell, The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man,... (London: John Murray, 1863)] had too many references to [Lyell,] Principles [of Geology..., 3v. (London: John Murray, 1830-1833)]; is weak. p. 17, line 1, change "forgotten)," to "forgotten, Count Laperda or Saperde or some such name [i.e. Louis Charles Joseph Gaston, Marquis de Saporta]),". p. 17, line 8, add: [John William] Lubbock [Baron Avebury] is not satisfied with [Lyell's] notice of his Somme paper ["On the Evidence of the Antiquity of Man, Afforded by the Physical Structure of the Somme Valley," Nat. Hist. Rev., 2 (1862): 244-69].¹ p. 17, line 10, add: Hooker forgets "that he told me himself [the] date of publication of his Essay."² p. 17, line 12, add: [Hooker] has more plants from Cameroon Mountains and will discuss mundane cold period. p. 17, line 13, missing element is "[Richard] Owen's [paper on the] Aye-Aye".³ p. 17, line 17, add: "& I had written so good a letter (!) all ready, with a blank for his [i.e. Owen's] sentence claiming more than he had any right to; but I could pick out no such sentence. Hooker says he so despises him that he cannot hate him: I do not know whether this [is] a right frame of mind, but by Jove it is not my frame of mind." At end of letter is: agrees about [Thomas Henry] Huxley and "the Review [i.e. Natural History Review: A Quarterly Journal of Biological Science]", which is excellent nevertheless;⁴ as CD has spoken against entomologists, see notice by CD on [Henry Walter] Bates's paper ["Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley," Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 23 (1862): 495-566] on mimetic resemblances.⁵

Note: 1. The notice is probably Lyell, The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man... (London: John Murray, 1863), 19n.
2. See CD to Lyell, March 6, [1863], above.
3. See: ibid.; and preceding letter, above.
4. See Life of Lyell, II, 366.
5. See Nat. Hist. Rev., 3 (1863): 219-24.

292. To [William Darwin] FOX; Down (type 4)

[1863]¹ March 23

AL (mutilated); 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.48

Glad to hear authentic particulars and Fox's own case; mistakenly read 23 for 13 lambs and supposed that breeding was over two seasons; shows preponderance of one color over other; has exzema on face, so may postpone trip to Malvern.

Note: 1. Letter to Fox dated March 9, 1863, and preserved at Christ's College, Cambridge, mentions the birth of 23 lambs and trip to Malvern. Another letter to Fox dated May 23, 1863, preserved in same place, mentions that eczema is better. Particulars in this letter are in Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), II, 30-31; this was written in early 1863, according to "Darwin's Journal," 16.

293. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[1863]¹ March 30th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Thanks for specimens; Sethia is a "beautiful case" of reciprocal dimorphism; could not compare pollen because long-styled anthers were knocked off; long stamens dust the bodies of insects visiting these flowers, while short stamens dust proboscis; unequal lengths of alternate stamens insures that pollen on the proboscis is from more than a pair of anhers, as seen by CD in Lythrum; Ceylonese Lythraceae, if any, will show three forms, with two kinds of pollen in each flower; wants more facts and specimens; thanks for Limnanthemum, a "very pretty case";² has hothouse for growing it, but needs seeds; [in margin--PTC] flower with different color in each half anther, if not due to abortion, indicates dimorphism or trimorphism; wants to experiment on all orders; presumes that Sethia is a tree; will send soon a "little paper" on dimorphism of Linum ["On the Existence of Two Forms, and on Their Reciprocal Sexual Relation, in Several Species of the Genus Linum," J. Linn. Soc. (Botany), 7 (1864): 69-83]; thanks for fact concerning Discospermum;³ thanks for specimens of galls, which interest CD, who is ignorant of them; almost experimented once upon galls; "It is truly wonderful what a change a little poison or irritation has effected, & effected in so diversified a manner";⁴ thinks [?galls on] specimens of Gomphia and Lesemia result from insect puncture or disease, not from sports or bud variation.⁵

Note: 1. Year written on top of first page of original in what appears to be a contemporary hand--perhaps an endorsement.
2. See Darwin, Different Forms of Flowers (1877), 116, 122, and 249. See also CD to Thwaites, June 20, [1862], above.
3. See Darwin, op. cit., 286.
4. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), II, 282.
5. CD here refers to Lesemia coccinea, now known as Salvia microphylla (Kunth). These generic names were identified by Professor Joseph Ewan, Tulane University.

294. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1863]¹ Ap. 18th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 4p. @ 7 3/4 x5, 2p. @ 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 20-21. At end of letter is: invites Lyells to Down; has had eczema; book by [Henry Walter] Bates [i.e. The Naturalist on the River Amazons..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1863)] is "capital".

Note: 1. Year written, perhaps in endorsement, at top of first page of original. Year of publication of book by Bates supports this year.

295. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[1863]¹ July 29th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Thanks for Limnanthemum seeds;¹ knows about conjugation of algae from pamphlet sent years ago by Thwaites which records a double embryo in Fuchsia to which CD has recently referred;² thanks for specimen of and information on Cassia, which has curious flower; have [Rev. S. O.] Glenie see how insects visit it and if pistil moves during inflorescence; can not send carte de visite, since none has ever been made of CD; sends instead a "poor small photograph" taken by CD's son [?Leonard Darwin].

Note: 1. Year written on top of first page of original in what appears to be a contemporary hand--perhaps an endorsement. For CD's request for the seeds, see CD to Thwaites, March 30, [1863], above.
2. See: Thwaites, "On Conjugation in the Diatomaceae," Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 20 (1847): 9-11, 343-44; and idem, "Further Observations on the Diatomaceae; with Descriptions of New Genera and Species," ibid., 1 (1848): 161-72. CD possessed and quoted from the latter article; see: Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item 25; and Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 391 and 391n.

296. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1863]¹ Aug. 14th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 243 (letter 171). At beginning of letter is: thanks for letter; congratulations on finding Arctic shells;¹ [Edward Bissell] Hunt sent copy of his paper ["On the Origin, Growth, Substructure and Chronology of the Florida Reef," Am. J. Sci. (Silliman's J.), 35 (1863): 197-210];² was struck by it, but [James Dwight] Dana has reservations; "poor Dana" must restrict his mental exertions; glad that Antiquity [i.e. Lyell, The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man... (London: John Murray, 1863)] sells well, "but if it gets another edition of `Origin" [i.e. Darwin, Origin] I shall not be grateful; for I dread the very thought of that job." line 9, add: CD's sister [Emily] Catherine [Darwin Langton] will marry [Charles] Langton [on October 8, 1863], who had been married to [Charlotte Wedgwood Langton], sister of Emma [Wedgwood Darwin]; a good match.³ At end of letter is: regards to wife; "I answered the Manchester Pigeon man for you."

Note: 1. Year written in pencil on top of first page of original in what appears to be a contemporary hand--perhaps an endorsement. On arctic shells, found in 1863, see Life of Lyell, II, 379-80.
2. See Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item 290.
3. Cf. Emma Darwin, II, 202-03.

297. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down Bromley Kent, S.E.²

[1863]¹ Dec 29

Copy of L; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.TH

Wants cases of bud variations, called sports by gardeners, such as "moss-rose in Provence", in which leaf bud assumes new character; asks this because Sir R[obert Hermann] Schomburgk says flowers introduced to St. Domingo [i.e. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic] from warm temperate regions often had such bud variations;³ wrote "some time ago" about dimorphic cinchonas,⁴ and is now more certain of this, with some plants "absolutely sterile" with their own form of pollen; compare size of pollen of two Ceylonese genera mentioned by Thwaites, or send dried specimens; is "hard at work" on Darwin, Variation under Domestication [1868].

Note: 1. Year written on top of first page of original in an apparently contemporary hand. See also note 4, below.
2. This appears to be a handwritten facsimile of Down (type 4).
3. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 373-87 and 401-11, esp. 408.
4. See CD to Thwaites, June 15, [1862], above.

298. To?: Down (type 4)

[?1864]¹ Ap 7 [1864]

LS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B D25.44

Corr. will see tubes if he places pollen on stigma, places pistil under strong microscope twelve to eighteen hours later, and tears up stigma; once one knows appearance of tubes with plant like geranium, one never mistakes them; has been in bed for six months, so cannot exchange orchids; Catasetums hard to exchange; Messrs [James] Veitch [& Sons] said they were not valuable enough to be marketable; some bi-generic crosses have been made, but seeds do not germinate.

Note: 1. Down address variant used limits endpoints to 1861 and 1869. According to "Darwin's Journal," 15-18, esp. 16, CD's only six-month illness during this period was from October 14, 1863, to April 13, 1864.

299. To [David J. BROWN]¹; Down (type 4)

1864 Ap 18.

LS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B B813

Thanks for letter and MS; is ill and must be brief; corr.'s paper is "striking & original", but "all the Journals have so often discussed the `Origin of Species' that I do not believe any of them wd insert any other paper on the subject"; honors men like corr. who spend "much time in labour" and yet find time to "acquire extended knowledge & follow out original trains of thought"; returns MS.

Note: 1. This letter is part of the David J. Brown Papers, which were acquired in a single lot.

300. To Fanny [i.e. Frances Mackintosh WEDGWOOD]; Down

[1864]¹ June 28th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.158

Sends condolences [on death of her son, James Mackintosh Wedgwood]; remembers corr.'s kindnesses at Malvern with [death of] "poor Annie" [i.e. Anne Elizabeth Darwin]; regards to [husband] Hensleigh; write back when [daughter] Hope [Elizabeth Wedgwood] writes to [CD's daughter] Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield].

Note: 1. James Mackintosh Wedgwood died in 1864; see Emma Darwin, I, xxvii.

301. To [William] BOWMAN; Down (type 4)

[?1864]¹ July 30

LS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.191

Thanks for note; will attend to information when CD publishes book [?Expression of the Emotions (1872)]; thanks for kindness to son; illness delayed writing.

Note: 1. Down address variant used determines endpoints of 1861 and 1869. Of CD's two long illnesses during this period, only that from October 14, 1863, to April 13, 1864, would provide CD with excuse for not writing until July.

302. To Asa GRAY; no location

[1864 September 6] [end. Sept.6.1864.--/ Sept. 28th. 64.]

Address leaf only; 8 x6.5 2p., add. [Prof Asa Gray/ Cambridge/ Massachusetts/ U. States], end. [Handwriting of/ Charles Darwin, Scit./ Sept.6.1864.--/ Sept. 28th. 64.]

B D25.208

303. To [?Charles Victor NAUDIN]¹; Down (type 4)

[?1864]¹ Dec 8

LS; 8 x5; 3p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.239

Thanks for letter, photograph, and congratulations; encloses the only photograph of CD available, one taken by son [?Leonard Darwin]; thanks for reference to "the Comptes Rendus" on subject of special interest about which CD has few authentic facts; glad corr. is still working on Cucurbitaceae; recently, has quoted extensively from corr.'s papers on this "order [sic; family]" in work being prepared on variation;¹ will send soon a paper on Lythrum [Darwin, "On the Sexual Relations of the Three Forms of Lythrum salicaria," J. Linn. Soc. (Botany), 8 (1865): 169-96].

Note: 1. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 357-60, for extensive quotation of Naudin on Cucurbitaceae. This chapter was written in late 1864; see "Darwin's Journal," 16-17.

304. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1865] Jan 22

LS; 8 x5; 8p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 32-34. p. 34, line 2 after signature, change "address." to "Address & tell him about Sexual Selection."

305. To [John Edward] GRAY; Down (type 4)

[?1865]¹ Jan 27.

LS; 8 x5; 1p.

B G784

Thanks for congratulations;¹ sorry that corr. is ill; corr. looked "far from well" when CD last saw him.

Note: 1. The congratulations were probably for CD's Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London, awarded November 30, 1864; see "Darwin's Journal," 16n. Perhaps the illness of Gray was the cause of Gray's belatedness in congratulating CD.

306. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1865] Feb 21

LS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 35-36. At end of letter is: regards to [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell from [CD's wife and amanuensis for this letter, Emma Wedgwood Darwin].¹

Note: 1. This final remark is in Emma Darwin's hand and is signed with her initials.

307. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1865] March 25th [wmk. 1860]

ALS; 4p. @ 8 x5, 1p. @ 7 3/4 x5; 5p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L

Thanks for enclosed correspondence; ought CD to identify Miss Buckley as source about roosting in trees--the only new point--or would "received through Sir C. Lyell" be adequate; pigeons in upper Egypt settle in flocks on low trees, but not on palms; "the duke [?i.e. George Douglas Campbell, Duke of Argyll] making such a point as this rests on the Lamarckian belief that everything in structure & habits must change;¹ I have put the case that such a change, if not selected or induced by compulsion, would be a downright difficulty on my notions"; more curious case is that of domestic pigeons which resemble a flock of gulls when they settle upon and float down the Nile to drink where the banks are perpendicular; "I have read most of H[erbert] Spencer's Biology [i.e. The Principles of Biology, 2v. (London: Williams & Norgate, 1864-1867)] & agree with you. Some of his remarks are very clever & suggestive, but somehow I seldom feel any wiser after reading him, but often feel mistified [sic]"; Spencer dictates, so he has "detestable" style; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker thinks Spencer's last number is best ever written; has finished Elements [i.e. Lyell, Elements of Geology, 6th ed. (London: John Murray, 1865)], was struck by Lyell's "summing up on the Laurentian stages"; health still poor, but works two hours per day on "my `Domesticated Animals & Cultivated Plants [i.e. Variation under Domestication (1868)]'."

Note: 1. See Campbell, "Opening Address," Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 5 (1866): 264-92, esp. 281. See also Life and Letters III, 31-34.

308. To J[ames] P[hilip] Mansel WEALE; Down (type 4)

[1865] May 6 [end. 1865; pmk. MY 6/ 65]

LS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [J. P. Mansel Weale Esq/ (crossed out--PTC) Port Elizabeth/ (crossed out--PTC) Algoa Bay/ Cape of Good Hope/ (added in margin--PTC) 4/ (added in margin--PTC) Adelaide], end. [First letter from C.D./ 1865 in answer to one/ from (P.L.?) 1864]

B D25.250

Thanks for tracings and letter of February 19; is ill; case of mule is interesting, but CD has heard of similar; the only aids in naming Cape orchids are "extremely expensive illustrated works"; cannot suggest any good zoological works either; "Few foreign countries are so well off botanically as the Cape will be with [William Henry] Harvey's work [viz. Harvey and Otto Wilhelm Sonder, Flora Capensis: Being a Systematic Description of the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal, 3v. (Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co., 1859-1865)]"; do not study fertilization of orchids, since enough has been written on it, but see Rob[er]t Brown, ["On the Organs and Mode of Fecundation in Orchideae and Asclepiadeae"], Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., [16 (1833): 685-745], as there is a good deal to be learned on fertilization of this genus; has seen an American hymenopter with pollen masses of Asclepias [milkweed] covering its tarsi, but does not know how pollen is placed upon stigma; research on caverns of S[outh] Africa will be interesting; must bring or send specimens to Europe in order to name them.

309. To?; Down (type 4)

[1865]¹ June 4

LS; 6 3/4 x4.5 2p.

B D25.228

Thanks for note; is "much better", but is "far from strong" and is "living in my bedroom"; was stupid about the books; 1843 volume is right; have ready by Thursday morning the volume for 1844 containing on p. 295 a paper by [René Joachim Henri] Dutrochet [i.e. "Recherches sur la Volubilité des Tiges de Certains Végétaux et sur la Cause de ce Phénomène," C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 19 (1844): 295-303]; will then return the wrong volume.

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, based upon state of CD's health; see "Darwin's Journal," 16-17.

310. To?; Down (type 4) NOT FILMED

[1865]¹ June 24th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.101

Thanks for copy of corr.'s "new work on the `Races of the Old World' "; thinks view on correlation of color and constitution, expressed in remarks on p. 388, is probable; a year ago, through director general of medical department of British Army, CD circulated printed questions which asked about correlation of tropical diseases with color of hair and skin of victims to all regimental surgeons in the tropics; doubts that responses will be reliable.

Note: 1. CD sent out the questionnaire mentioned here in May, 1864; see Life and Letters III, 90.

311. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1866] Jan 6 [end. Jan. 1866]

LS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [8361/ C. Darwin/ about China Ducks/ Jan. 1866]¹

B D25.S

[Robert] Swinhoe writes to CD of domestic Chinese duck perhaps descended from Anas poeciloryncha [spot-billed duck from India]; is this a species distinct from A. boschas [common wild duck, or mallard]; what are differences; does it have curled tail feathers and wing marks, and is it a native of China; "After nine months inaction from illness, I have just begun to do a little work".

Note: 1. Alongside endorsement, there are some penciled notes by Sclater, mostly illegible, but with "not at all like A. boschas" very clear.

312. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (black border)¹

[1866] Feb 7. [wmk. 1860]

LS (postscript in CD's hand); 7 x4.5 10p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 476-78 (letter 363). p. 477, line 26, add: CD and Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] send love to Lady [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell. p. 478, line 2, change "S. on Himalaya" to "S. & on Himalaya".

Note: 1. CD's sister, Emily Catherine Darwin Langton, died on February 2, 1866; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.

313. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (black border)¹

[1866] Feb. 15th--Thursday

LS; 7 x4.5 6p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 478-79 (letter 364).

Note: 1. See preceding letter, above.

314. To [Charles] LYELL; Down.

[1866]¹ Feb. 22

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p.

B D25.L

Glad [Charles James Fox] Bunbury has pointed out CD's errors; probably has notes about Drimys, Fuchsia, etc. in "my Portfolio on this subject"; seems to remember that "some of fossil mammals of Caves of Brazil are Andean, as Vicunas, Bears & Goat-like animal &c."; is especially glad to have seen these letters because CD heard this morning that [John] Murray wants a new [fourth or 1866] edition of Origin & CD "must alter a few words about Organ Mountains"; might add that [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz has detected glacial markings on these mountains;¹ is sad that "my present work [i.e. writing of Variation under Domestication (1868)]" will be stopped for one to three months.²

Note: 1. Year determined by year of publication of edition of Darwin, Origin containing change about Organ Mountains. See Darwin, Origin (1866), 444-45. Cf. ibid. (1861), 405. Or see Peckham, Variernm Origin, 595.
2. For dates of interruption of "my present work", see "Darwin's Journal," 17.

315. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (black border)²

[1866 March 3]¹ Saturday

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Has returned memorial, hopes it is successful; on mundane cool period, could have given additional facts if CD had known of Lyell's interest; worked in new facts in last German edition of Origin [?i.e. Freeman 428] which will appear in new [fourth] English edition [i.e. Freeman 115], but will be too late for Lyell [to include in the first volume of the tenth edition of Lyell, Principles of Geology, published November 1866]; one important consideration is that "it can be proved that individuals of the same plant, growing N. & S, or growing on mountains & plains, certainly become acclimatised & transmit different constitutional powers of withstanding cold to their seedlings; & this would come into play with the slowly advancing glacial period";³ CD's MS. of 47 folios, written ten years ago, is available if Lyell wants it; has read "a paper on the representative closely allied Petrels of N. & S. Oceans.--"

Note: 1. A date of "5 March 1866" is written on the first page in pencil. Context of letter obviously follows the preceding letter above and precedes the subsequent letter below. March 5, 1866, was a Monday.
2. CD's sister, Emily Catherine Darwin Langton, died on February 2; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.
3. See Darwin, Origin (1866), 448.

316. To [Charles] LYELL; Down/ Bromley Kent (handwritten) (black border)

[1866] Mar 8

LS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 157-58 (letter 506). At end of letter is: sends MS., thinks most useful pages are those tied in green ribbon; these passages appeared in second German and French editions [of Darwin, Origin (1862-63 and 1866, respectively)] and will appear in the next [i.e. fourth] English edition, due this summer; return these special pages in a week; rest of MS. may be kept for longer period; it is the old MS. abstracted for [Darwin,] Origin; sends also "some pencil notes & a letter from [Joseph Dalton] Hooker after he had read this 10 yr old M.S."¹

Note: 1. The old MS. was a part of Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection. The pencil notes may be the passage reproduced in More Letters, I, 438. Hooker's letter is printed in More Letters, I, 437-38 (letter 333). For Lyell's reply, see Life of Lyell, II, 408-09. For the passage under discussion, see Darwin, Origin (1866), 442ff; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 591-610.

317. To?; Down (type 4)

[1866 late spring]¹ Monday

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.16

Thanks for letter with facts on birds admiring themselves; new [fourth] edition of Darwin, Origin contains remarks on beauty, but does not go into details; will send corr. a copy of it when published in the summer.

Note: 1. The extended discussion on beauty was added to the fourth edition, which CD finished on May 10, 1866. See "Darwin's Journal," 17.

318. To?; Down (type 4)

[?1866]¹ Aug 2d

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.215

Thanks for "remembering what interests me"; has not seen "Bäer's [sic; Baer's] paper," but has read "long extracts in one of [Rudolph] Wagner's papers after publishing my historical sketch [in 1860-1861]";² knew about case of hairy and toothless family (so like the Turkish dog) through [John] Crawfurd's [Journal of an] Embassy [from the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava, with an appendix...by Professor Buckland and Mr. Clift, 2nd ed., 2v. (London: Henry Colburn, 1834)] and through "[Jules?] Travels"; did not know case was brought before B.A.A.S.; is working on "the very obscure subject of the causes of variability in domestic production" and hopes to go to press in winter or spring.³

Note: 1. Year determined by date of printing of Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868). See "Darwin's Journal," 17.
2. Wagner's paper is actually a book, Zoologisch-Anthropologische Untersuchungen (Gottingen: n.p., 1861). See Darwin, Origin (1866), xx-xxi; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 69, line 68.1:d.
3. CD here refers to Variation under Domestication (1868); see note 1.

319. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1866] Sep 8 [and] Sunday Morning [Sept. 9]

LS (postscripts in CD's hand); 4p. @ 8 x5, 5p. @ 7 x4.5 9p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 159-60 (letter 507). At beginning of letter is: postponement of Lyell's visit has been great disappointment; CD's sister [Susan Elizabeth Darwin] suffers greatly and there is no hope of recovery;¹ is glad that Lyell may come [to Down] in October.

Note: 1. She died on October 3; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.

320. To [Charles] LYELL; Down. (black border)¹

[1866] Oct 9th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 271-72 (letter 192).

Note: 1. See note to preceding letter, above.

321. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (black border)¹

[1866] Oct 12

LS (postscripts in CD's hand); 4p. @ 7.25 x4.5, 1p. @ 7 3/4 x5; 5p.

B D25.L

Has read sheets [of the MS. of the amended chapters of Lyell, Principles of Geology, 10th ed., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1866-1868)] with "enthusiastic admiration"; returns them; thinks this the best thing published by Lyell; has no serious criticisms, but gives three remarks on survival of cold period by mammoth (p. 188), on permanence of continents (slip, p. 14), and on absence of secondary and plutonic rock on islands of great oceans (slip 15); gives congratulations for near-completion of Lyell's work; passage about evaporation of snow, which is conjectural but correctly reported, is in Darwin, Journal of Researches [(1839), 277-78n, or (1845),] 245n; [Charles] Pritchard, in his Nottingham sermon,² says that, according to [George Biddell] Airy, [John Couch] Adams, and others, the day is slowly increasing in length, so that a trillion years ago its length was 1/200 second, and it will be 80 years long a trillion years hence.

Note: 1. See note to second letter preceding, above.
2. The Continuity of the Schemes of Nature and of Revelation: A Sermon [on Eccl. iii. 14, 15] (London: 1866). This sermon was preached at the meeting of the B.A.A.S. in Nottingham in 1866; see DNB, 46, 404.

322. To [Charles] LYELL; Down. (black border)

[1866] Dec. 1

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p.

B D25.L

Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] has brought Lyell's "grand book";¹ thanks for it and for inscription on first page; Lyell's additions are prodigious; wants to read them, especially climate chapter, but must read five or six books and long papers first; "for p. 136, read 146"; congratulations.

Note: 1. Principles of Geology, 10th ed., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1866-1868), I.

323. To Mrs. [Anne] MARSH-CALDWELL; Down Bromley Kent (black border)

[1866]¹ Dec. 1st

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.217

Thanks for note; returned yesterday from stay in London with Erasmus [Alvey Darwin], who is not very well; does not know Christian name or address of Mr. Corbet, so please forward enclosed note to him; has given Corbet "all the information I could", but "mere chance experiments in diet" are useless; Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] is ill.

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University, who also states that Corbet was a blind friend of Mrs. Marsh-Caldwell, whose daughter Rosamund stayed with Corbet.

324. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down Bromley/ Kent. (handwritten)

[1866] Dec 24 [end. Dec 1866]

LS; 7 3/4 x5; 1p. and end. [9402/ C Darwin/ Enclosure/ Dec 1866] and 2p. enclosure

B D25.S

Sends enclosed so Sclater can "communicate directly with the man" if desired. Enclosure is a portion of an undated ALS from Benjamin Dann Walsh, presumably addressed to CD, which is entirely crossed out except for the following: "If you happen to know any Ornithologist who wishes to exchange European Birds for North American birds, I have a particular friend here, `Dr. Velie, Rock Island, Illinois,' who has a very fine collection & is an excellent manipulator of birds'-skins. He is also an honorable man to exchange with, which is more than can be said of certain naturalists. But don't put yourself to any trouble on account of this matter."¹

Note: 1. Jacob W. Velie was Curator of the Chicago Academy of Sciences from 1879 to 1893; see A. T. Andreas, History of Chicago from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 3v. (Chicago: A. T. Andreas Co., 1884-86), III, 430-31. Suzanne W. Brown, Secretary to the Director, Chicago Academy of Sciences, provided this information.

325. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down Bromley Kent (handwritten)

[?1867] Jan 31.

LS; 8.25 x5.5 2p. (enclosures wanting)

B D25.TH

J[ames] Emerson Tennant [sic; Tennent] says captured elephants weep when moaning and screaming; observe this, and see if the "orbicularis palpebrarum" acts to wrinkle the surrounding skin and partially or wholly close the eyes; encloses "some printed copies of my queries on expression, with two of the more important ones a little amended"; would appreciate "a few observations on any race".¹

Note: 1. On the subjects discussed in this letter, see: Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 21, 167-68, and 167n; and R. B. Freeman and P. J. Gautrey, "Charles Darwin's Queries about Expression," Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (hist. Ser.), 4 (1972): 205-19.

326. To J[ames] P[hilip] Mansel WEALE; Down (type 4)

[1867] Feb 22. [pmk. FE 22/ 67]

LS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [J. P. Mansel Weale Esq/ Bedford/ Algoa Bay/ Cape Colony], end. [Feb: 1867 in answer to a/ letter from Bedford]

B D25.249

Thanks for letter and paper on Bonatea,¹ which CD read and forwarded to Linnean Society; several points in it are new to CD; as it has published on orchids before and is in arrears, the Society may not publish the paper, but it is a valuable paper nonetheless; Weale's observations on Asclepias are new and curious; Robert Brown said years ago that he did not understand how pollen masses were retained by stigmas which do not emit viscid matter; has not heard of Brown's conduct as botanist in Weale's colony; thanks for praise of CD's work; "It is a most serious drawback to me that I am very seldom able to go to London or to see any of my fellow-workers in Natural History owing to my constant state of ill-health".

Note: 1. Weale, "Notes on the Structure and Fertilization of the Genus Bonates, with a Special Description of a Species Found at Bedford, South Africa," J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 10 (1869): 470-76.

327. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; Down (type 4)

[1867]¹ May 7.

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.H

Thanks for letter; knew [Richard] Dawes as an undergraduate, but had seen him only once since; will send two guineas for his memorial; remembers that [Marmaduke] Ramsay of Jesus [College, Cambridge] told Dawes he would do nothing but laugh through life, and all agreed, which shows "how little a man some times knows himself"; is "much better" in health after "two or three bad years", but [John] Tyndall gives "too flourishing an account", as CD is "never well for the whole day"; declines invitation; invites the Herberts to Down House.

Note: 1. Dawes died on March 10, 1867.

328. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] June 1st

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 65-66. At beginning of letter is: does not think H[enry] Parker ever reviewed the Origin; perhaps Lyell refers to an article¹ on [George Douglas Campbell,] D[uke] of Argyll, which CD praised and a copy of which CD encloses; please return it.

Note: 1. Probably "The Reign of Law," Saturday Review, 23 (1867): 82-84. But see also: Saturday Review for November 15, 1862; and Life and Letters III, 274.

329. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] June 9th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

The "variability & passage of Primrose into Cowslip must be given up", since CD has just proved that common oxlip is "a natural Hybrid between the two", but "Bardfield oxlip, which occurs almost only in Essex (the P. Elatior of Jacquin) is a perfectly distinct & good & third species"; is glad Lyell likes H[enry] Parker's article;¹ wants to discuss N[orth] British Review and to see the Lyells; should go to London on fifteenth and, "stomacho volente", will breakfast with Lyell on Monday the seventeenth;² Lyell's note about Primula lacked enclosure.

Note: 1. See preceding letter, above.
2. CD was in London June 17-24, 1867; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.

330. To [Charles] KINGSLEY; Down (type 4)

[1867]¹ June 10

LS; 8 x5; 9p. (incomplete) (enclosures wanting)

B D25.165

Thanks for deeply interesting letter; lends paper by Cap[tain Frederick Wollaston] Hutton, "a very acute observer", from a collection of reviews of Darwin, Origin (1859+);² has just finished [George Douglas Campbell,] Duke [of Argyll]'s book [The Reign of Law (London: Alexander Strahan, 1867)] and [Fleeming Jenkins, "The Origin of Species,"] N. Br. Rev., [46 (1867); 149-71 (issued June, 1867)]; Duke's book "very well written, very interesting, honest & clever & very arrogant. How cooly [sic] he says that even J[ohn] S[tuart] Mill does not know what he means"; parts of book are weak, such as about rudimentary organs and structure of humming birds; criticizes Duke's argument regarding diversity of structure; see CD's comments on this in Darwin, Origin (1866), 226, and on beauty, p. 238; sends copy of Origin to Kingsley; see also enclosed letter by [Alfred Russel] Wallace; Duke speaks absurdly of beauty "existing independently of any sentient being to appreciate it"; thinks deity should not come into scientific discussion; glad Kingsley admits sexual selection, which CD has studied recently; on lack of beauty in female birds, Wallace finds relation between nature of nest and female's beauty;³ female peacock merely selects beauty, not every detail of color, so circular spot could become circular zone; "correlation of growth" is bad term, now prefers "correlation of variation"; Duke's attack on this is unfair; Duke wrong about natural selection; "I presume he wd not deny that [Robert] Bakewell, Collins, &c had in one sense made our improved breeds of cattle, yet of course the initial variations have naturally arisen; but until selected, they remained unimportant, & in this same sense natural selection seems to me all-important"; N. Br. Rev. is telling and hostile, but lacking in knowledge; reviewer wrong that domestic races formed rapidly; regarding antiquity of world, "I cannot implicitly believe the mathematicians, seeing what widely different results [Samuel] Haughton [, William] Hopkins & [William] Thompson [sic; Thomson, Lord Kelvin] have arrived at";⁴ note from [Charles] Lyell, just received, dismisses N. Br. Rev.; study of geological work done during glacial period impresses one with necessary lapse of time; who wrote N. Br. Rev.?

Note: 1. CD read the Duke's book during this year; see Life and Letters III, 65.
2. CD probably refers to Hutton's review of the Origin in the Geologist (1861): 132-36 and 183-88. See Life and Letters II, 362; More Letters, II, 183-84; and Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item R.79.
3. See More Letters, I, 283 (letter 203); ibid., II, 59-61 (letter 429); and ibid., II, 72-74 (letter 440).
4. See Joe D. Burchfield, "Darwin and the Dilemma of Geological Time," Isis, 65 (1974): 301-21; and idem, Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth (New York: Science History Publications, 1975).

331. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] July 18

LS; 8 x5; 6p. and sketch

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 71-72. At end of this portion is: thanks about six-fingered men, but that chapter [i.e. chapter 12 of Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868)] is finished.
Next portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 141-43 (letter 493). At end of letter is: [Ludwig] Rütimeyer sent his book [Über die Herkunft Unserer Thierwelt: Eine Zoogeographische Skizza... (Basel: H. Georg, 1867)], but has not read it or cut pages; wishes Lyell good progress in book [The Principles of Geology, 10th ed., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1866-1868), volume 2].

332. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] Aug 22

LS (postscript in CD's hand); 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters III, 72-73. p. 73, line 2, missing phrase is "with all its bad judgment & taste". At end of letter is: regards to wife [Mary Elizabeth Horner Lyell]. At beginning of postscript is: leave French edition [of Darwin, Origin (Freeman 420) (1866)] at 6 Queen Anne St. [home of CD's brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin]. p. 73, line 2 of postscript, change "Russian has" to "Russian, Kowelowsky [i.e. Valdimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky], has".

333. To [?Cassell, Petter, & Galpin, publishers]¹; Down (type 4)

[1867] Aug 24 [end. 24th. August 1867]

LS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [923/ C. Darwin/ 24th. August 1867]

B D25.196

Has had much correspondence with [Vladimir Onufrievich] Kovalevsky, who has visited Down House; he is brother of "distinguished naturalist" [Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky]; he is preparing a translation of Darwin, [Variation under Domestication (1868)],² and has translated some expensive German works; he has made liberal offers to CD for translation; trusts Kovalevsky, but cannot answer for his "pecuniary circumstances", which are probably good.

Note: 1. This correspondent was suggested in a private correspondence to the author from Professor James A. Rogers, Department of History, Claremont Men's College.
2. For citation of this translation in Russian, which is impossible to reproduce here, see B. Mus. Catalogue, 48, 964, second entry from top.

334. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] Oct 4

ALS (portion not in CD's hand); 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 299-300 (letter 217).

335. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 2)

[1867] Oct 26

LS; 5.5 x4.5 1p. and enc.¹

B D25.TH

Since corr. has helped CD with queries, encloses a few slightly corrected copies; stir up any likely and accurate man.

Note: 1. Enclosure is one-page broadside, Queries about Expression, identical to that identified as version number 2 in Richard Broke Freeman and Peter Jack Gautrey, "Charles Darwin's Queries about Expression," Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (hist. Ser.), 4 (1972): 207ff.

336. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] Oct 31st

LS (postscript in CD's hand); 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 4-5 (letter 381). At beginning of letter is: Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] has headache. p. 4, line 10, change "distances" to "differences [sic]". At end of letter is: brother [Erasmus Alvey Darwin] is home now.

337. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1867] Dec 7

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Printed in full: More Letters, I, 284-85 (letter 205).

338. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1867] Decr. 9th [end. Dec 1867]

ALS; 8 x5; 2p. and end. [10392/ C. Darwin/ abt. Index &c/ Dec 1867]

B D25.S

Wants both indices, since has no index of Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.; send to same address as "Journal &c"; wants more recent list of fellows than 1858 version which CD has at present; December number of Intellectual Observer does not contain article by Sclater; supposes article on barbets is in November number;¹ enjoys talk with Sclater.

Note: 1. Supposition is correct. See Sclater, "Barbets, and Their Distribution," Intellectual Observer, 12 (1867-1868): 241-46. Talk with Sclater probably occurred while CD was in London in late November and early December; see "Darwin's Journal," 17.

339. To [Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf GÜNTHER]; Down (type 4)

[?1867]¹ Dec. 21st

ALS; 8 x5; 1p., end. [to A Günther 1870]

B D25.96

Thanks for note; information is just what CD wanted; has looked at plates and text; cases are "capital & quite new to me"; should have known that corr.'s work would have this in it.²

Note: 1. Apparently, this letter is a reply to a letter from Günther dated 19 December 1867. This letter is bound in volume 82 of the Darwin Papers at University Library, Cambridge. See Handlist of Darwin Papers, 21.
2. CD probably refers to Günther, Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum, 8v. (London: 1859-1870).

340. To [?Julius Victor CARUS]¹; no location

[?1867]¹

ALS (incomplete); 10.5 x8; 1p.

B D25.74

Gives definitions of the following terms: shoulder-pad; cross and intercross; structure; constitution. Shows differences in the terms "constitution", "habit", and "instinct". Is astonished and pleased that translation¹ will be ready by May.

Note: 1. The translation is probably the first German edition of Darwin, Variation under Domestication [Freeman 459] (1868). This information, the year for this letter, and the recipient were suggested by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University.

341. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[?1867-1868]¹ Feb. 13th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.TH

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 90-91 (letter 455).

Note: 1. See: Darwin to Thwaites, Jan. 31, [?1867], above; "Darwin's Journal," 17-18; and Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), II, 284ff and 319.

342. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[?1867-1868]¹ May 19th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Thanks for note of April 1; case of monkeys is hopeless; take no more trouble about human expression; learned after writing that orbicularis palpebrarum contracts on trumpeting elephants in Zoological Gardens, and distress brings tears; would appreciate further details; [Edgar Leopold] Layard says a breed of fowls in Ceylon has hen alone colored like sooty white plumage; are young of breed sooty like hen or pure white like cock?

Note: 1. For further discussion of points in this letter, see the following letters above: Darwin to Thwaites, Jan. 31, [?1867]; ibid., Oct. 26, [1867]; and ibid., Feb. 13, [?1867-1868]. See also Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 256 and 256n.

343. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

[?1867-1868]¹ Sept. 28th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.TH

Thanks to Thwaites and to [Edgar Leopold] Layard for trouble; is surprised at result, since Layard is trustworthy and [Edward] Blyth says same about fowls in Bengal; do not send fowls, since Zoological Society foolishly objects to domestic varieties.

Note: 1. See preceding letter, above.

344. To [John Maurice HERBERT]; Down (type 4)

[1868]¹ Jan 30

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.H

Thanks for congratulations [because son George Howard Darwin was second wrangler at Cambridge]; son has pleased CD; reminds CD of celebration of [Charles Thomas] Whitley's wrangler honors and honors of corr.; old microscope, received anonymously [from Herbert], reminds CD of their old friendship; regards to wife.

Note: 1. See Emma Darwin, II, 216-17. This letter is part of the Herbert collection.

345. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 4)

[1868] Feb. 28 [end. March 1868]

ALS; 8 x5; 1p. and end. [200/ C. Darwin/ to Secretary/ March 1868]

B D25.S

Thinks Capt. [Philip Parker] King's birds [?collected on 1826-1830 voyage of H.M.S. Adventure] were given first to Zoological Society and then to British Museum, but habitats for many specimens are incorrectly marked.

346. To [Charles] LYELL; 6 Queen Anne St.

[1868 (?March 3-10)]¹

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Thanks for long letter, somewhat consoling, "but I take [the argument for a short age of the earth based on a calculation of the combustion rate of] the Sun much to heart"; is consoled by argument based on ignorance of universe and of process causing incandescence in heavenly bodies; formed opinion that continents have had long endurance on basis of facts of geographical distribution; see Darwin, Origin [(1959), chap. 11, esp. 357-58] and Darwin, Coral Reefs; agrees about denudation, had concluded that matter brought to lower level was much ground up; this would not affect "Scotch streams"; is tired from morning in British Museum.

Note: 1. Year is penciled on letter by CD's son. During 1868, CD was at 6 Queen Anne Street only during March 3-10 and November 7-16; see "Darwin's Journal," 17-18. March period is preferred because of date on which William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, read his famous paper on the age of the earth; see Thomson, "On Geological Time," [read February 27, 1868], Trans. geol. Soc. Glasg., 3 (1871): 1-28.

347. To [? Thomas RIVERS]; Down (type 4)

[?1868] Mar 4

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.67

Thanks for note with details on Le Compte family and on moss roses [Rosa centifolia]; regrets having missed recent papers by corr. on inheritance, "but from living in the country & not seeing periodicals I have no doubt missed much of importance"; hopes CD has acknowledged corr. adequately.

348. To J[ohn] Jenner WEIR; 6 Queen Street/ Cavendish Sqe/ W.

[1868 ca. March 6] [end. March/ 1868; pmk. MR6/ 68; wmk. 1860]

ALS; 8 x5; 7p. and env., add. [J. Jenner Weir/ 6. Haddo Villas/ Black-heath/ S.E.], end. [Darwin/ March/ 1868]

B D25.3

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 66-68 (letter 435).

349. To [Charles] LYELL; 4 Chester Place/ N.W

[1868 March 19]¹ Thursday

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Thanks for "the grand Book [i.e. Lyell, Principles of Geology, 10th ed., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1866-1868), volume 2]"; has read only the newspaper since coming to London [on March 3], and vowed not to look at Lyell's book, but curiosity forced him to read some of the organic part; Lyell has given a "fair history of the progress of opinion on Species; but you will perhaps think it would be strange if I did not say so, seeing what high credit you give to me"; is delighted that Lyell alludes to pangenesis; "an untried hypothesis is always dangerous ground"; "My fear has always been that Pangenesis would be a still-born infant, over whom no one would rejoice or cry"; is eager to read chapters on domestication and on man.

Note: 1. Full date written on first page in pencil.

350. To D. PENNETHORNE; Down (type 4)

[1868] May 22nd. [pmk. MY 23/ 68]

LS; 8 x5; 2p. and env., add. [D. Pennethorne Esq/ 1 New Square/ Lincolns Inn/ London]

B D25.164

Thanks for note and paper on man;¹ has studied the question for years and is writing essay on it, so found nothing new in corr.'s paper; agrees with corr. on "almost all points".

Note: 1. See Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item Q. 131. CD's essay is probably his book, Descent of Man (1871).

351. To "Gentlemen" [?Bibliographisches Institute in Hildburghausen, Germany]; Down (type 4)

1868 June 8

LS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.144

Has suggested to [John] Murray the publication of an English edition of [Alfred Edmund] Brehm's [Illustrirtes] Thierleben [6v. (Hildburghausen: Bibliographisches Institute, 1864-1869)], but Murray thinks England saturated with [T.W.] Wood, [?Curiosities of Ornithology]; thinks Brehm's book is "quite excellent, & the illustrations are admirable"; wants to borrow stereotypes of some of Brehm's illustrations for Darwin, [Descent of Man (1871)]; thinks this will further advertise Brehm's work; will pay for stereotypes; wants from volume 1, the three monkeys pp. 54, 57, and 119; from volume 3, bower bird p. 317, Paradisea p. 324, Cosmetornis p. 669, Rupicola p. 745, and Cephalopterus p. 752; from volume 4, hummingbird pp. 109 and 111, [Crepidonia?] p. 326, Polyplectron p. 471, Machetes p. 625, Palamedea p. 739, and Rhynchaea p. 743.¹

Note: 1. For stereotypes used by CD, see Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), II, 42, 47, 59, 70, 75, 88, 90, 202, 283, 309, and 311. Publisher of Brehm's work was assumed to be recipient of this letter.

352. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

1868 July 14

LS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 160-61 (letter 508). At beginning of letter is: thanks for [Constantin Wilhelm Lambert] Glöger [sic; Gloger], [?Das Abandern der Vogel... (Breslau: 1833)¹], but already has it, so has sent it to Zoological Society; thanks also about hairy men, which CD possesses; [George Henry] Lewes has published three or four articles altogether, but not consecutively and more are yet to appear;² differs from Lewes on many points, but finds independent thinking on subject refreshing.

Note: 1. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), II, 298.
2. See Cat. scient. Pap., 3, 995; 8, 216; and 12, 445.

353. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

[?1868] Aug. 25th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B EY83

Glad to see Eyton's handwriting; thanks for Eyton's Osteology [i.e. Osteologia Avium: A Sketch of the Osteology of Birds (Wellington: R. Hobson, 1867)]; congratulates Eyton on perseverance; had heard of Eyton's skeleton of Opisthocomus; sorry about Eyton's eyes; was too ill to have been at [B.A.A.S. mmeting at] Norwich [August 19-26, 1868]; remembers having hunted and fished at Eyton as a youth.

354. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

1868 Sep 2.

LS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.TH

Thanks for "taking all my questions so very kindly"; Thwaites has entered on fowl question in earnest; thanks to [S. O.] Glenie for "excellent letter"; has written a letter of thanks in return.¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 21, 167, and 252. See also letter from Darwin to Thwaites, May 19, [?1867-1868], above.

355. To?; Down (type 4)

1868 Sept. 25

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.177

Has received specimen and forwarded it to [Joseph Dalton] Hooker; will write when he hears Hooker's verdict; congratulates corr. for zeal.

356. To Carl Ritter von SCHERZER; Down (type 4)

1868 Oct 25 [pmk. OC 25/ 68]

LS; 8 x5; 2p. and env., add. [Ministerial Rath/ Dr Carl Ritter von Scherzer/ Alsergrund/ Liechtensteinstrasse/ Vienna/ via Belgium/ No 2.]

B D25.198

Thanks for letter of October 20 and offer of aid; thanks for copy of the instructions; thanks for "translating & inserting the questions on expression";¹ good wishes for voyage [to East Asia].²

Note: 1. See Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 15-16.
2. See Poggendorff, III, 1184.

357. To [William Darwin] FOX; Down (type 4)

[1868] Dec. 12th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.246

Thanks for letter just received; will find Fox's return on the sheep and cattle very useful;¹ must prepare a new [fifth] edition of "that everlasting Origin";² "I am sick of correcting."

Note: 1. See Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 304-05.
2. This edition was prepared between December 26, 1868, and February 10, 1869; see "Darwin's Journal," 18. This is basis for determination of year for this letter.

358. To [George Henry Kendrick] THWAITES; Down (type 4)

1868 Dec 29.

LS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Thanks to Thwaites and friends for taking trouble about fowls; results doubtful if not the pure breed; is "unwilling to believe that [Edward] Blyth & [Edgar Leopold] Layard were both mistaken"; do males of black chickens mentioned by Layard undergo change when they become adult; is glad to see [S. O.] Glenie's letter; thank Glenie and Layard; is astonished that Glenie saw no contraction of orbicular muscle in elephants, since CD and others have seen this plainly on elephants in Zoological Gardens; perhaps too great a contraction is expected; thanks for specimen showing surprising difference in form of leaves.¹

Note: 1. See letter to Thwaites, September 2, 1868, above.

359. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

1869 Jan 24

LS; 8 x5; 3p.

B EY83

Cannot provide needed information; glad Eyton continues to work on osteology of birds; has not seen Alph[onse] M[ilne] Edwards's book [probably Recherches Anatomiques et Paléontologiques pour Servir à l'Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France, 4v. (Paris: V. Masson et Fils, 1867-1871), II, published in 1868 or 1869], but hears it is excellent; how many months after birth do horns appear in males of fallow deer?¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 288n.

360. To [John] PHILLIPS; Down (type 4)

1869 Jan 27

LS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.123 no. 1

Thanks for book on Vesuvius [Vesuvius: A History of the Mountain and of Its Successive Eruptions (Oxford: 1869)], which has not yet arrived.

361. To [James CROLL]; Down (type 4)

1869 Jany 31

LS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.17

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 162-64 (letter 510).

362. To [Thomas Roscoe Rede STEBBING]; Down (type 4), but with "S.E." crossed out in hand of CD's amanuensis

1869 March. 3rd.

LS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.132

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 110-111.

363. To?; Down (type 5)

[1869] March 4th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.147

Heard while recently in London that corr. had "already started" [on a journey of some sort]; gave spare copy of corr.'s book to [Philip Lutley] Sclater to forward to Dr. Hartlant, the poor ornithologist; do camels, when uttering a loud and prolonged sound, contract their eyelids and skin around eyes; cannot observe this at Zoological Gardens, because camels there make no noises.

364. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1869] March 5th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Lyell's point is good; when reading [James] Croll,¹ thought of preservation of glaciation in Scotland and Wales and of turf-covered shelves of Glen Roy and elsewhere; supposed Croll would say wear was confined to hard rocks in valley; but according to Lyell's figures, water channels could not supply enough detritus; someone should visit Glen Roy to measure area of naked rock and detritus; thinks shelves unchanged since they bordered the water; thinks Croll's and [Archibald] Geikie's estimate of surface degradation² is too high, even if estimate of present rate is correct; "Somehow I cannot persuade myself that the Glacial period was much more recent than hitherto supposed"; would like to hear Croll's reply to this; sorry about "Amazonian shells".

Note: 1. "On Geological Time, and the Probable Date of the Glacial and the Upper Miocene Period," Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag., 35 (1868): 363-84; and 36 (1868): 141-54, 362-86.
2. Ibid.; and Geikie, "On Modern Denudation," Geol. Mag., 5 (1868): 249-54, reprinted in Trans. geol. Soc. Glasg., 3 (1871): 153-90.

365. From Thomas R[oscoe] R[ede] STEBBING; Tor Crest Hall/ Torquay.

1869 March 5th.

Copy of L, retained by author; 7 x4.5 1p.

B D254.2

Was prejudiced against CD's theories when he began to read CD's works, but CD's writings convinced him of truth of CD's theories; thanks for "kind letter" approving Stebbing's paper on Darwinism.¹

Note: 1. See letter to Stebbing, March 3, 1869, above.

366. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 4)

[?1869]¹ March 6th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B EY83

Received fawn's head safely, but previous information sufficed; pleased to hear that CD's son at Trinity [?Francis Darwin, George Howard Darwin, or Horace Darwin] is a friend of Eyton's son [?William Campbell Eyton, Thomas Slaney Eyton, or Robert Henry Eyton]; "It is a resurrection of old times [when CD and Eyton were at Cambridge together]."

Note: 1. This letter appears to follow letter to Eyton dated January 24, 1869, above.

367. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 4)

[1869] March 20th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Thanks for [Alfred Russel] Wallace's letter;¹ had not formed opinion on [Henry] Moseley's or [James] Croll's papers,² but latter seemed ingenious; since Moseley studied mechanics, he must have thought of Wallace's considerations; thought parallel veins in glacial ice and curve formed in straight row of sticks [arranged transversely in ice across top of glacier] show that glaciers do not descend by succession of abrupt fractures; subject is "beyond me"; Wallace's book [The Malay Archipelago..., 2v. (London: Macmillan, 1869)] is capital, especially discussions on geographical distribution, and it will be a success; is working hard.

Note: 1. See letters from Wallace to Lyell dated March 13 and March 17, 1869, Lyell Papers, APS Library.
2. Moseley, "On the Mechanical Possibility of the Descent of Glaciers by Their Weight Only," Proc. R. Soc., 17 (1869): 202-08; and Croll, "On the Physical Cause of the Motion of Glaciers," Phil. Mag., 37 (1869): 201-06.

368. From [Jean Louis] A[rmand] de QUATREFAGES [de Bréau]; Paris

1869 March 29

?ALS; 8.5 x6.5 4p. (in French)¹

B D25.X3

Wanted to meet--and tried to meet--CD's son, but without success; hopes to meet CD some day; thanks for compliments on studies of Darwinism; although he opposes CD, Quatrefages acknowledges CD as only man to propose an evolutionary theory which is scientific and embraces all problems posed by organic nature; thinks scientific reason is still on Quatrefages's side, but appreciates grandeur of CD's work and says so in final installment, to appear April 7; will send a copy of this paper to CD; through printer's error, incorrectly stated in third article of series that CD erred in discussion of single origin for titmouse and nutcracker; hopes their differences of opinion never alter their good relations.

Note: 1. Translation into English provided by editor's wife, Nancy E. Carroll.

369. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 5)

[1869] May 4th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 116-17. p. 117, line 15, missing phrase is "& weak". At end of letter is: has recovered from crushing by horse in three weeks instead of in three months as [James] Paget expected.¹

Note: 1. See Emma Darwin, II, 226.

370. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 5), but "Beckenham" has not been written in

1869 May 20

LS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 144-45 (letter 495).

371. To [William Winwood READE]; Down (type 4)

[?1869]¹ May 21st

ALS; 4p. @ 8 x5, 2p. @ 7 x4.5 6p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.193

Thanks for letter; has long been interested in expression; enclosed queries sent to various parts of world; has received only a few answers, chiefly from Australia; none discussed "true negroes"; thus, would be grateful for answers; corr. will find observation difficult; gives suggestions on how to facilitate observation; has had no answers on query five, "an expression well known to the old Grecian statuaries";² was just wishing for observer on Guinea coast;¹ do horns and ruffs of throat hair appear first on breeds of sheep in which rams alone acquire such traits or on breeds in which both sexes acquire them; give age when these traits first appear; on gorilla and chimpanzee, has contradictory evidence on whether upper or lower body of gorilla is hairiest; presumes voice of male the more powerful; do "the wild natives" consider "their own characteristic features" to be beautiful; do barbarian women influence particular men to woo them or to purchase them?³

Note: 1. Reade went to the Guinea coast in 1869; see DNB.
2. See: Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 21-22, 279, and 289; and Richard Broke Freeman and Peter Jack Gautrey, "Charles Darwin's Queries about Expression," Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (hist. Ser.), 4 (1972): 205-19.
3. See Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 289n, and II, 247, 285, 344, 346, 350, 357, and 374.

372. To [Edgar Albert SMITH]¹; Caerdeon/ Barmouth/ N. Wales

[1869] June 30th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.94

Belated thanks for proofs of excellent woodcuts; make female in figure 2a less dark; give name of male; return proofs, MS. list of specimens or instructions for woodcuts, and revise of corrected proof previously submitted by CD; may need more cuts; is ill.

Note: 1. Written in pencil on last page is: "To E. A. Smith/ Zool. Dept./ British Museum".

373. To Miss LLOYD; Down (type 5)

[ca. 1869] Aug. 4th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p. and env., add. [Miss Lloyd/ Caerdeon] (enclosure wanting)

B D25.234

Thought corr. would like to see enclosed letter from [William] B[oyd] Dawkins, who was pleased by visit, although it was not as geologically interesting as expected; "There is something wonderfully curious in coming across remains of our old savage progenitors, with their ground-down teeth."

374. To?; Down (type 5)

[ca. 1869-1871]¹ April 18th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.62

Would like to come to London to be photographed, but cannot spare time; has already refused about six such requests, "but none with a quarter of the regret that this causes me"; invites corr. to come to Down via "Orpington station (on the S.E.R. Charing Cross)" to take photo; corr. could easily reach sixteen good men without troubling about CD.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

375. To [St. George Jackson MIVART]; Down (type 5)

[ca. 1869-1871]¹ April 23d

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.5

Thanks for "promptly answering my note"; had taken inaccurate notes on corr.'s opinions; hopes corr. will continue labors on primates; "Whenever I publish my book [?Descent of Man (1871)] I can see that I shall meet with universal disapprobation, if not execution.-- The truth is hard to gain, however much one may try."

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

376. To?; Down (type 5)

[ca. 1869-1871]¹ Aug 24th/25th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.151

Thanks for copies of three publications; will send duplicates to Linnean Society; cannot read Italian, unfortunately, but wife will translate parts of corr.'s works; is glad corr. discussed pangenesis, even if corr. is critical of it; will have this discussion translated carefully, will read it, and will submit it for publication; P.S. has just received highly complimentary letter from corr. dated August 22.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used. Corr. could be F. Delpino, but this is nothing more than a guess.

377. To [Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Bréau]; Down (type 7) (pink paper)

[ca. 1869-1881]¹ July 20th

ALS; 8.25 x5.5 2p.

B D25.11

A German friend has asked for complete list of CD's publications, so sends copy of list to corr., though fuller than required; thanks for "the interest...taken about my election [to the French Académie des Sciences]"; number of votes for CD, published in newspapers and owed to efforts of corr., was "far higher than I had expected."

Note: 1. CD began to use Beckenham in his address in 1869 and he died in April, 1882. He was elected a correspondent of the botanical section of the French Academy on August 5, 1878, after years of ballotting.

378. To the Secretary [of the American Philosophical Society, Charles B. TREGO]; Down (type 5)

1870 Feb. 5th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p., end. [Read March 4, 1870/ accepts]

506.73 Am 4 le VOL.I #340

Thanks for letter of October 15, informing CD of election to membership in APS; accepts with thanks.

379. To [Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Bréau]; Down (type 7) (pink paper)

[?1870]¹ May 28th

LS; 8.25 x5.25 5p.

B D25.4

Thanks for volume containing "wonderfully clear & able discussion" and fair treatment of CD;¹ repeated mention of CD is gratifying; first two parts are "overly supportive" of CD; in subsequent parts, strictures are severe but fair; agrees about some criticisms; does not think Parus and nuthatch (or Sitta) are directly related, as French translation [?of Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868)] implies; Canis Magellanicus is too foxlike in appearance and voice to be a feral domestic dog; "It is curious how nationality influences opinion: a week hardly passes without my hearing of some naturalist in Germany who supports my views, & often puts an exaggerated value on my works; whilst in France I have not heard of a single zoologist except M. [A.] Gaudry (and he only partially) who supports my views"; hopes to influence French "embryo naturalists"; thanks for lectures;² thanks for kindness to son George [i.e. George Howard Darwin] in Paris.

Note: 1. Quatrefages, Charles Darwin et ses Précurseurs Français... (Paris: Baillière, 1870). Year for letter determined by this publication date.
2. See Vorzimmer, Reprint Catalogue, item Q.134.

380. To J[ames] P[hilip] Mansel WEALE; Down (type 5)

1870 July 30 [pmk. JY 30/ 70]

LS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [J. P. Mansel Weale Esq/ Brooklyn/ near King William's Town/ Kaffraria], end. [Letter on Disperis &c collected/ on Kagaberg Bedford/ 1868/70]

B D25.251

Thanks for letter of May 25 and for MS., drawings, and specimens; sent latter three to Linnean Society, but there will be no meeting until November; was most struck by what Weale says about parallelism of Disa and Ophrys, about structure and three nectaries of Disperis, about contraction of caudicles, about mares and asses, about acrid secretion from the Soldier-termes, and about case of bee's nest; Linnean is backlogged and impoverished, so they may not publish papers; papers could be condensed; few are interested in fertilization of flowers; sorry to hear bad account of Weale's colony.¹

Note: 1. See: Weale, "Notes on a Species of Disperis Found on the Kagaberg, South Africa," J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 13 (1870-1872): 42-45; idem, "Some Observations on the Fertilization of Disa macrantha," ibid., 45-47; idem, "Notes on Some Species of Habenaria Found in South Africa [abstract]," ibid., 47-48; and idem, "Observations on the Mode in Which Certain Species of Asclepiadeae are Fertilized [abstract]," ibid., 48-58. All papers communicated by CD and read on November 3, 1870. See also: [Weale], "Natural History Notes from South Africa," Nature, Lond., 10 (1874): 486-87; and Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 416-17.

381. To [David] FORBES; Down (type 5)

[1870]¹ July 31st

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.12

Thanks for proof sheets (to page 272) of Forbes's paper on the Aymara;¹ has had to alter little; will refer readers to Forbes rather than giving details;² on page 221, ten lines from bottom, for "longer" read "shorter".

Note: 1. Forbes, "On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru," J. Ethnolog. Soc. Lond., 2 (1870): 193-305. Year for letter determined by this publication date.
2. See Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 232, 318, and 336.

382. To [Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Breau]; Down (type 7)

187[0]¹ Aug. 23.

LS; 8.25 x5.25 3p. (yellow paper)

B D25.145

Hesitates to write because "private interests are as nothing";¹ thanks for interest shown in CD's election to "your Academy [i.e. Academie des Sciences]";² thank [Henry] Milne-Edwards for honor conferred upon CD; sees in last number of Revue that Milne-Edwards believes that "existing species are the modified descendants of extinct species. Such an admission seems to me very much more important than whether natural selection has been a more or less efficient means of change; though for my own part I shd never have been able to admit the evolution of species, unless I cd have partly explained to myself how the innumerable & beautiful adaptations, which we see all around us, had originated";³ while [Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce] Élie de Beaumont calls CD's science "frothy", his own bubbles first of craters of elevation and second of direction of mountain chains according to age have "burst & vanished into thin air" everywhere but France; next book [i.e. Descent of Man (1871)], due in two or three months, will displease corr., but will send copy of it anyway, because corr. knows CD publishes "only what I believe to be the truth, after mature consideration."

Note: 1. CD is lamenting the publication of Quatrefage's confidential remarks; see "Darwin before the French Academy," Nature, 2 (1870): 298. Year for letter determined by this publication date, plus those others of 1870 below.
2. See Robert E. Stebbins, "France," in Thomas F. Glick, ed., The Comparative Reception of Darwinism (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1974), passim, esp. 146-48.
3. Milne-Edwards, "Sur les travaux de Ch. Darwin," Revue scient., Paris, 7 (1870): 591.

383. To [Philip Lutley] SCLATER; Down (type 5)

[1870] August 30th

ALS; 6 3/4 x5; 1p. and end. [136/ sending an/ article on/ a woodpecker] (enclosure wanting)

B D25.82

Submits enclosed note concerning the woodpecker of the plains to the Society for publication versus [William Henry] Hudson.

384. To [John Frederick William HERSCHEL]¹; Beckenham/ Kent S.C. [sic]

1870. Octr 6.

Copy of L; 7 x4.5 2p.

B D25.123 #2

Cannot correct the little Manual; is unwell and is leaving for rest; upon return, must correct proofs of work on hand; ask Professor [John] Phillips to revise the essay and append his own name; Phillips's geological knowledge is more up-to-date than CD's.¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, "Geology," in Herschel, ed., A Manual of Scientific Enquiry... (1849), 156-95. In the 1871 edition of this article, the essay was revised by Phillips. When this letter appeared, CD was working on proofs of Descent of Man (1871); see Life and Letters III, 120.

385. To [William Darwin] FOX; Down (type 5) (distinctive gray ink used)

[1870]¹ Nov. 15

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.130

Supposes Fox now at Isle of Wight; winter has come with a vengeance; wife [Emma Wedgwood Darwin] wrote about governesses after receiving letter of October 28; supposes Fox was unable to come to Down; is ill from correcting proofs of two volumes [of Descent of Man (1871)]; owes many facts in book on sexual differences of birds to Fox; will send copy when published, even though Fox will probably disapprove about origin of man; "It is very delightful to me to hear that you, my very old friend, like my other books, & you were one of my earliest masters in Nat[ural] History"; is weak, feels "each job as finished must be my last."

Note: 1. Proofs of Descent of Man were corrected in late 1870; see "Darwin's Journal," 18.

386. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 5)

[1870] Dec. 25th [pmk. DE 26/ 70]

ALS; 8 x5; 1p. and env., add. [Sir C. Lyell Bart./ 73 Harley St/ London/ W.], end. [C. Darwin]

B D25.L1

Thanks for new book [i.e. Lyell, The Student's Elements of Geology (London: John Murray, 1871), advance copy]; will look at it when finished correcting proofs [of Darwin, Descent of Man (1871)]; has only one short chapter of proofs to go.

387. To [George] BUSK; Down (type 5)

[1871] March 12th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.41

Thanks for explaining blunder; [George] Rolleston had already written to correct the confounding of the two foramina, so latter 2,000 copies [of Darwin, Descent of Man (1871)] have been corrected, but this is not even noticed in errata of first and larger lot; regarding mistaken notion that supra-condyloid foramen was present in anthropomorphous apes, was led to error because [St. George Jackson] Mivart says it is present in Anthropoidea, and CD incorrectly assumed that Anthropoidea were apes nearest allied to man; will strike out or qualify strongly the passage on supra-condyloid; thinks remarks on what [Thomas Henry] Huxley calls the inter-condyloid are applicable; new reprint or new edition [of Darwin, Descent of Man (1871)] will be out at end of upcoming week; will send a copy to Busk.

388. To [Thomas Roscoe Rede STEBBING]¹; Down (type 5)

[1871]¹ March 18th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.132

Thanks for essays; glad they were published in book;¹ thinks they will do good; esteemed those read some time ago when sent separately; corr. is bold to publish them; corr.'s preface is gratifying; offers corr. a copy of Darwin, Descent of Man [(1871)].

Note: 1. See Stebbing, Essays on Darwinism (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1871). Year for this letter determined by this publication date. See also letter to Stebbing, March 3, 1869, above. This letter was purchased as a part of a collection with many other letters to Stebbing.

389. From Anne [Henslow] BARNARD; Bartlow Leekhampton Cheltenham

1871 March 30th..

ALS; 7 x4.5 5p., sketch

B D25.184

Has not seen CD since she was child; Darwin, Descent of Man [(1871)], reminds her of event of interest to CD; on October 20, 1852, visited Colchester idiot asylum with father, Professor [John Stevens] Henslow; saw there a girl with pointed ears, as in accompanying sketch; ears not quite like those of donkey, but similar; girl may still be in asylum.

390. To [Anne Henslow] BARNARD; Down (type 5)

[1871]¹ March 31st

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.183

Thanks for letter; has written to doctor of large asylum about pointed ears, but has not yet received reply; "To the last day of my life I shall think of your Father [John Stevens Henslow] with the deepest respect, and affection, & gratitude for his invariable kindness towards me."

Note: 1. See preceding letter, above.

391. To P. B. MASON; Down (type 5)

[1871] March 31st [pmk. MR 31/ 71]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [P. B. Mason Esqr/ Burton-on-Trent.]

B D25.134

Thanks for prompt information; in next edition of book [?Descent of Man (1871)], will quote statement, new to CD, about hair on back; wants quantitative data on this; Mason's suggestion about size of male infants is good; should be able to find data in Dr. [?James Matthews] Duncan's paper in Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.; Mason's solution cannot apply to "the whole case", because male infants have higher mortality rate than female.

392. To [Frederick HARRISON]; Down (type 5)

[1871]¹ April 1.

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.118

Thanks for note and for writing at some length; will consider information when preparing corrected edition [of Darwin, Descent of Man (1871)]; cannot make major revisions now because printers are printing off too quickly; will reiterate caution that "beauty" as used by CD does not mean "the highly complex & lofty notions implied by cultivated [sic;?cultured] men"; capacity of enjoying beauty is acquired; thinks corr.'s remarks on "quasi-selection of opinions & judgments for admiration by society" are just; "I have made too much of natural selection, though less than some who agree with me generally on such points"; would like to read anything corr. publishes on these subjects.

Note: 1. Year determined by date of publication of Descent of Man. Corr. identified by autograph dealer who sold letter.

393. To [?Jurgen Edward] PFEIFFER; no location

[1871 April 27] [pmk. AP27/ 71] [Filed with # 302]

Env. only; address reads "Mr. Pfeiffer/ Mayfield/ West Hill/ Putney/ London S.W."

B D25.208

394. To [William O.] OGLE; Down (type 5)

[1871] April 29th [pmk. AP30/ 71]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and env., add. [Dr. Ogle/ 34 Clarges St./ Piccadilly/ London/ W.]

B D25.59

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters III, 143.

395. To?; Down (type 6)

[?1871]¹ May 9th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.236

Thanks for curious anecdote about dog; will not amplify the part of Darwin, [?Descent of Man (1871)] in question.

Note: 1. Year determined by Down address variant used. Of the five years during this variant was used, only in 1871 was the address printed to the right side of the first page of the letterhead, as was done with this letter. In other years, it was printed in the center.

396. To?; Down (type 6)

[?1871]¹ May 10th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p. (enclosures wanting)

B D25.143

Thanks for extracts, new to CD because he rarely sees a foreign paper; was amused by some extracts; three stanzas about the Ascidians are charming; wants more such extracts if they should appear; encloses two photographs of himself.

Note: 1. Year determined by Down address variant used. Address is printed to right, which only happened in 1871.

397. To [Edward SUESS]; Down (type 6)

[1871]¹ June 1st

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.99

Acknowledges election as foreign honorary member of "the Imperial Academy" [of Austria]; finds this gratifying after the contempt shown by the Paris Institute [i.e. Academie des Sciences]; sorry corr. is ill from last expedition; thanks for word about "your late celebrated Admiral [Wilhelm von] Tegetthoff."¹

Note: 1. Down address variant used is printed to right side--a combination unique to 1871. Tegetthoff died in 1871. CD was elected a foreign corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna in 1871; see Life and Letters III, 374. He was not elected an honorary foreign member until 1875.

398. To?; Down

[?1871]¹ June 2d

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.218

Women in labor close the orbicular muscles around their eyelids; does this contraction cause tears to flow towards the end of parturition; does similar contraction during violent retching cause tears; do " `Pulver [Maclers?] Volta-Electric Chain bands' " help in cases of "dyspeptic & nervous weakness"; man who sells this aid quotes Sir C[harles] Locock, H[enry] Holland, [Robert] Ferguson, and others; is it quackery and lies, or is it "worth trying as an experiment?"¹

Note: 1. On the production of tears, see Darwin, Expression of the Emotions (1872), 159ff., esp. 165. This passage was written in 1871, which is reason for year for this letter.

399. To J. Traherne MOGGRIDGE; Down (type 6)

[1871] June 22nd [end. June 24 1871; pmk. JU23/ 71]

LS; 8 x5; 6p. and env., add. [J. Traherne Moggridge Esq/ 8 Park Hill/ Queen's Road/ Richmond/ Surrey], end. [Ch. Darwin/ recd. at Richmond/ June 24 1871]

B D25.31

Thanks for letter containing new facts; hopes Moggridge continues to observe ants; read [Jean] P[ierre] Huber, Recherches sur les Moeurs des Fourmis [Indigenes] (Paris: 1810); published extract of letter from Texan on ants storing and planting seeds in J. Linn. Soc.; [Richard] Kippist [Linnean's librarian] could find it; glad Moggridge will compile notes on variability of certain plants; thinks fly ophrys is inconspicuous, inodorous, and unattractive to insects because, in most cases, not all its flowers are fertilized; compare seeds of fly ophrys specimens fertilized in natural way by insects to those of plants fertilized thoroughly and artificially to see if latter are larger and more robust; is ill, like Moggridge.

400. To M[ichael] FOSTER; 6 Queen Anne St. W.

[1871] June. 26 [pmk. JU26/ 71]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [Dr. M. Foster/ 5. Vanburgh Park Road/ Blackheath.]

B D25.244

Invites corr. to visit CD; returns to Down Friday or Saturday [June 30 or July 1]; will take a month's vacation a fortnight after that;¹ wants some curare, if soluble in water or vegetable acids;² wants to know how much to dilute curare; [Thomas Henry] Huxley could not help about curare, so he suggested Foster.

Note: 1. CD vacationed at Haredene, Albury Heath; see: Life and Letters III, 150; Emma Darwin, II, 245; and "Darwin's Journal," 18.
2. See Darwin, Insectivorous Plants (1875), chap. IX passim, esp. 204-05 and 223-24.