An Annotated Calendar of the Letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society
1799-1882
(2.5 linear feet)

Part I: Numbers 1-200
B D25

© American Philosophical Society
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 American Philosophical Society 105 South Fifth Street Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386
Arrangement

Detailed inventory

 1. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; [Osmaston, near Derby] [1828 Sept. 13] Saturday Evening [pmk. Se 14/ 1828]1 ALS; 9x7.5 4p., add. [(S?) Herbert Esqr/ Post Office/ Barmouth/ N. Wales] B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters, 172-73. p. 173, line 23, change "Yates" to "Yate". At end of letter is: "How is Buz & Bossy [sic]. am afraid you yourself must be grown terribly bumptious: Direct to Shrewsbury: if there is any thing you want I can send it for you to Barmouth. Such as gloves &c &c &c".

Note: 1. Printed letter has erroneous date of Sept. 14, which was a Sunday.

2. To G [i.e. John Maurice] HERBERT; [pmk. Shrewsbury] [1828 October 3] Friday [pmk. Oc 4/ 1828; wmk. 1824] ALS; 9 x7.25 4p., add. [G. Herbert Esqr./ Court Calmore/ Welch Pool] B D25.H

Obliged for "labours in the science [of entomology]"; saw [?Thomas] Butler who told of Herbert in Wales; Herbert's courage cooled since CD left Barmouth; chiding letter from [Charles Thomas] Whitley, answered humbly by CD, received mere "acknowledgement of my extreme candour" and another charge of idleness; supposes Herbert enjoys Montgomeryshire and delights "all the little dear female hearts"; CD enjoys successful Music Meeting in Derbyshire, also good shooting, "Entomological pursuits", and the "Miss Foxes1 are very pleasant girls"; Herbert can give CD beetles & butterflies, which Butler says Herbert has, when Herbert is in Shrewsbury; CD "shall go up [?to Cambridge] early," but not by 10th; Butler goes next Tues.; P.S.: Find more beetles; get lady with "strong imagination" to procure beetle with "face so very dreadful"; forgets Herbert's Christian name, christens him "G" [see above].

Note: 1. The Misses Fox were the sisters of William Darwin Fox, CD's second cousin; the Music Meeting was held at the Fox residence. See "Darwin's Journal," 6.

3. To Cha[rle]s WHITLEY; 17 Spring Gardens, London [1831 September 9] Friday Evening [pmk. 10 SE 1831; wmk. 1830] ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Chas. Whitley Esqr./ Post Office/ Barmouth/ N. Wales], end. B D25.210

Printed in facsimile: A Letter of Charles Darwin about Preparations for the Voyage of the Beagle, 1831 (Philadelphia: Friends of the Library, American Philosophical Society, 1971).

4. To J[ohn] M[aurice] HERBERT; Botofogo Bay, Rio de Janero [sic] 1832 June [pmk. (SE?) 30/ 1832; wmk. 1830] ALS; 11 x8 3/4; 4p., add. [J. M. Herbert Esqr./ Fellow of St. Johns Coll:/ Cambridge; (forwarded to) (W?) Maddy Esqr/ Moreton/ Near Hereford] B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 238-40. p. 239, line 32, after "contained", insert: "Tell [Charles Thomas] Whitley that I find my life on blue water...very pleasant,...an excellent time for reading; so quiet & comfortable, that you are not tempted to be idle." p. 240, line 2, after "reason...", insert: A short or stupid letter would end correspondence between some, "but old gentleman, you might as well try to cut your tailor as me"; letter from Herbert brings to CD "a thousand pleasant thoughts"; CD can picture Herbert "in the two extreme cases, of the dead March to Dolgelley & the bogtrotting Match with [?William] Selwyn." At end of letter is: P.S. "I have directed to you in a curious manner for fear of mistakes."

5. To J[ohn] M[aurice] HERBERT; Maldonado, Rio Plata 1833 June 2d. [pmk. Oc 2/ 1833; wmk. 1828] ALS; 9 3/4 x7 3/4; 4p., add. [J. M. Herbert Esqr/ Fellow of St John's Coll:/ Cambridge; (forwarded to) Lower Garthmyl/ Welshpool] B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 246-48. At end of letter is: please write again and remember CD to friends, including [Charles Thomas] Whitley; "Read [Francis Bond] Head's gallop1 if you want an accurate account of this country." On first page of letter, written sideways, is: Has Herbert heard from F[?rederick] Watkins, [Jonathan Henry Lovett] Cameron or Matthews[?]; CD wrote to former many months ago, but no answer; address in future to be Valparaiso. On second and third pages of letter, written sideways, and perhaps not in CD's hand, is: "I have just met with the following quotation in the `Sacred History of the World' taken from the Hereford!! Journal, November 1824.2 `Carnations have been engrafted on Fennel & for the first two or three years the flowers will be green: Likewise Peaches on a Mulberry, in which case the fruit will have a purple dye to the stone.' Were you the original & ingenious experimentalist? I think I have heard you argue that White Lies do no harm.-- Here are green Carnations & purple Peaches brought foreward [sic] to show the beneficence of Providence.-- When such evidence is proved false who will not become a Sceptic.-- Reflect--, if the author, what awful consequences may have been produced.--"

Note: 1. Sir Francis Bond Head, Rough Notes Taken during Some Rapid Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes (London: n.p., 1826).
2. See: Sharon Turner, The Sacred History of the World, as Displayed in the Creation and Subsequent Events to the Deluge..., 3v. (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1832-1837), I, 111 and 111n; letter from "Ethelbert" in Hereford Journal..., November 24, 1824; and Richard Bradley, A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening..., 2v. (London: T. Woodward and J. Peale, 1726), II, 301. F. A. Milligan, Sydney Smith, and David Wilson have assisted me with this information.

6. To Lieut[enant Charles] WILKES; 43 Grt. Marlborough St [1836 October-November]1 Monday [wmk. 1832] ALS; 7.5 x4.5 1p. and add. [Lieut: Wilkes/ Long's/ Bond Street.--] B D25.192

Is going into country for few weeks on Thursday; wishes to converse concerning Wilkes's "long...voyage"; unless Wilkes writes to contrary, CD "will call at Long's on Wednesday" between noon and 1 p.m.

Note: 1. CD did not return from the voyage of the Beagle until October 2, 1836 ("Darwin's Journal," 7). Wilkes was only in England from August to November, 1836 (Doris Esch Borthwick, "Outfitting the United States Exploring Expedition: Lieutenant Charles Wilkes' European Assignment, August-November, 1836," Proc. Am. phil. Soc., 109 [1965]: 159-72). The Great Marlborough Street address given by CD is that of his brother's flat, at which CD visited and roomed occasionally until leaving Cambridge and taking his own rooms at number 36 down the street on March 13, 1837 (Life and Letters I, 277; Darwin and Henslow, 118 and 118n).

7. To the Master & Fellows [of] Caius College; no location [ca. 1836-1837]1 Monday Evening AL in third person; 4.5 x3 3/4; 1p. and add. [The Master & Fellows/ Caius College] B P212

"Mr Darwin presents his compliments to the Master & Fellows of Caius Coll. and is extremely sorry he is prevented by a previous engagement the honor [sic] of dining with them on Thursday.--"

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. The handwriting of this note appears to be in the hand of the young Darwin, and since this note shows no sign of being mailed--indeed seems to have been hand-delivered--it seems reasonable to conclude that CD was in Cambridge at the time it was written. This occurred in late 1836 and early 1837, right after CD returned to England from the Beagle voyage.

8. To Mr. [?Frederick or William] SHOBERL; [36 Great Marlborough St.] [1837 late September] ALS; 7 x4.5 3p., add. [Mr Shoberl/ Marlborough Sqr] (partially mutilated) B D25.80

Obliged for document which CD "had full right to demand", even if unnecessary; sorry for inconvenience; will send completed MS. with woodcuts before night; will write to printer about "where to send the slips"; [Henry] Colburn will see revise corrected; shall go to Shrewsbury on Monday; gives printing details; thanks Shoberl and Colburn for aid on "this my first publication."1

Note: 1. CD's "first publication" was his Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), the only Darwin work published by Colburn. Date for this letter derives from date CD finished the MS. of this work and when he left for Shrewsbury, shortly thereafter; see "Darwin's Journal," 7-8.

9. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location [1837 December (?19); end. Decr. 1837; pmk. DE 20/ 1837] ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St.], end. [(105) Mr. Darwin on Coral islands thinly scattered over what area--Decr. 1837] B D25.L

Does not know latitude limits of true coral islands in Pacific, but Bermuda an exception to general rule; discusses and describes coral islands and archipelagoes; "People's ideas of the Pacific are most false."; describes and sketches the "Corallian Sea" proposed by [Matthew] Flinders; thanks for books, but cannot read them for nearly a week, since still reading [Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce] E[lie] de B[eaumont]; P.S. Tuesday night, longitudinal boundaries of Pacific coral cannot be given satisfactorily, since Dangerous or Low Archipelago and Corallian Sea are separated by "great volcanic band".

10. To [Charles] LYELL; 36 Grt. Marlbro' St. [1838] Aug. 9th. [end. 9 August 1838] ALS; 9 x7.5 11p. and end. [(1) Mr Darwin on Elements & Glen Roy/ 9 August 1838] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and omissions: Life and Letters I, 291-95. p. 292, line 14, change "...." to "[John] Phillips will not surely go on saying that the metamorphic schists are disintegrated granite re-deposited."; p. 292, line 16, change "-----" to "Phillips"; p. 292, line 28, insert: CD visited Wednesday night, two days after Lyell left, thinking Lyell would come to London after Crag expedition; almost wrote from Shrewsbury; p. 294, line 19, change "-----'s" to "[Rev. Frederick William] Hope's"; p. 295, line 5, change "-----" to "Jones"; p. 295, line 13, insert: CD wants daytime barometer readings made at Leith on July 5, published by Brewster; also wants altitude of Lochs Tay, Dochart, Tyndrum, and Tulla;1 p. 295, insert: "P.S. I have seen [Robert] Fitzroy, who has bought your book.2 He looked rather black at the preface...but then came smooth again. I never cease wondering at his character,...full of good...traits but spoiled by such an unlucky temper.-- Some part of... his brain wants mending...."

Note: 1. Lyell apparently complied; see Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839), 54.
2. Lyell, Elements of Geology (London: John Murray, 1838). The preface declares that the publication of Darwin's Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839) has been delayed, "to the great regret of the scientific world," by the failure of Fitz Roy to complete the companion volumes to it.

11. To Charles LYELL; no location [1838] September 13th Friday Night [end. 1838; pmk. SP15/ 1833] ALS; 12 3/4 x8; 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr Junr./ Kinnordy/ Kerrimuir/ North Britain], end. [Darwin 1838 on tortuosity of parallel bands of Elevation & subsidence--/ (2)] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 295-98. p. 296, line 2, insert: discussion concerning "unfortunate letter" of Governor [Henry] Prescott, a lost letter of CD, an "official document", an apparently abused frank from Lord [Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton] Northampton, and a proposal to the Council of the Royal Society of London; p. 296, line 4, after "begin about.", insert: thanks for holiday invitation, but CD pledged to visit uncle and home for fortnight at end of October,1 and "till then I must not give myself even a days holidays."; p. 297, line 22, change "block" to "Polar"; p. 297, line 24, insert: "Sir D[avid?] B[rewster?]...communicated some information so useful, that I have written to him again."; gives details on "Winters Bark", parrots, geographical distribution in South America and in Falkland Islands, Port Famine; sent Lyell's letter to "Dr. Richardson at Portsmouth"; unhappy that Lyell says he will be away until end of November, hopes "something will bring you back before then."; p. 298, line 4, insert derogatory remarks about Babbage and his calculator; p. 298, line 6, insert: regarding marsupials, CD saw only abstract of [Henry Marie Ducrotay de] Blainville's paper;2 [Richard] Owen a better authority than Blainville, who is superficial;
Owen says internal process in Stonesfield Jaws is confined to marsupial mammals3 and "talks of [Ornithorhynchus, the duckbill] leading off into the reptiles...[therefore] some reptiles formerly might have appreached nearer to the Mammalian type, than...existing ones now do."; Elements [of Geology, Lyell's new book] must be selling well, requires "hard reading" and thus does not shirk its subject, as do two of [John Frederick William] Herschel's treatises; [Edward] Charlesworth is annoyed because Lyell did not quote him more; Charlesworth is to be pitied for many reasons; Zoological Society is giving up Associate Secretary's place; [John] Gould's case of Water-wagtails does not hold.

Note: 1. CD became engaged during this "pledged" holiday; see "Darwin's Journal," 8.
2. Probably either "Doutes sur le Prétendu Didelphe Fossile de Stonesfield," C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 7 (1838), 402-18, or "Nouveaux Doutes sur le Prétendu Didelphis de Stonesfield," ibid., 727-36 and 749-51.
3. See Richard Owen, "Observations on the Fossils Representing the Thylacotherium Prevostii, Valenciennes,..." Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1842), 47-65; for fuller account, see idem, A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (London: John Van Voorst, 1846), 29-57.

12. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; Shrewsbury [1838 November] 13th [i.e. 12th] Monday [end. Novr. 1838; pmk. NO 13/ 1838; wmk. 1834] ALS; 9 x7.25 3p. and add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury], end. [Mr Darwin/ Novr. 1838] B D25.L1

Printed in full, with minor changes: Emma Darwin, I, 413-14.

13. To The Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, [Franklin BACHE]; Geological Society of London/ Somerset House 1838 Decr. 20th [end. March 1, 1839, wmk. 1836] Printed L, filled in in ms. (not CD's hand), S by CD; 15 x9; 1p. and add. [The Secretary of the American Philosophical Society], end. [A.P.S.] Stated Meeting/ March 1, 1839, Read] A.P.S. ARCHIVES

Routine thanks for Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1, numbers 1 through 3; signed by CD as Secretary of the Geological Society of London.

14. To [Richard] OWEN; no location [1838]1 ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. B D25.201

"I leave you the remaining proofs of yr. descript[ion] of Toxodon and a revise of first part2...read quickly over my part. I hope there are no errata left....inform me whether you will want a second revise of your first part....I have made...remarks hap-hazard.... Have you looked at [Alcide Dessalines] D'Orbigny's travels?3 If not,...you misunderstood...what I mentioned...[so] I have written it [correctly] below...."; P.S. sends duplicate proof for Owen to keep.

Note: 1. The Toxodon portion of the first part of the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle was published in early 1838. See: "Darwin's Journal," 8; and Freeman, p. 12.
2. See "Toxodon Platensis" in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. I: Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen ([1838]-1843), 16-35.
3. Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., 9v. (Paris: Strasbourg, 1835-47).

15. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location [1839 January; end. Jan. 1839] ALS; 7.5 x4.5 7p. and add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St.], end. [1a./ Darwin Jan. 1839/ Glen Roy] B D25

Sends Glen Roy paper,1 which is legible but "ugly from my corrections"; hopes it will not be shortened, as "there is scarcely a sentence, that I have not considered whether I could strike it out, without injuring the...argument"; Lyell may keep paper to read if desired; returns books; last letter of Mr Blackadder [of Glamis] not worth mentioning; made note of information about decaying shells; regrets not having seen "Mr [Charles] Maclaren's capital chapters on alluvium" before writing the appendix, as he upsets CD's "argument of...fixed position of the boulders when drifted, but...confirms...origin of the scratches & grooves."; Maclaren's remarks on boulder positions erroneous, based on "misapprehension, that icebergs drop their cargoes out at sea", which CD's appendix claims is the exception to the rule; ought to have map and will soon have drawing to publish with Glen Roy paper; wishes to discuss "small amount of Alluvial action in Lochaber: occurring since "the sea retired.-- No one point interested me more...."

Note: 1. Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839), 39-81. Published version has map and drawing; note on decaying shells is on pp. 63-64.

16. To The Secretary of the American Philos[ophical] Soc[iety], [Franklin BACHE]; Geological Society of London, Somerset House 1839 May 23rd Printed L, filled in in ms. (not in CD's hand), S by CD; 11.5 x9.25 1p. A.P.S. ARCHIVES

Routine thanks for Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1, number 6; signed by CD as Secretary of the Geological Society of London

17. To Tho[ma]s [Campbell] EYTON; 12 Upper Gower St [1839 November 30] Saturday Evening [pmk. NO 30/ 1839] ALS; 9.25 x7.5 4p., add. [Thos. Eyton Esqr/ Donnerville House/ Wellington/ Shropshire] B EY83

Thanks for agreeing to examine birds mentioned;1 birds will go to railroad this evening; they are as follows; 388 [and] 707, Tinochorus -----?, habits described in Journal of Researches, p. 110; 630, Synallaxis maluroides, "is it in structure a Certhia?"; 650, Serpophaga albocorunata Gould, a genus allied to Tyrannula; 721, Furnarius cunicularius, habits described as those of Casarita in Journal of Researches, p. 112; 722, Opetiorhynchus vulgaris; 728, Uppucerthia, interesting to dissect this and two previous, as they are altogether unlike European forms; 1037, Pteroptochos albicollis; 1043, Phytotoma rara, "a most curious finch"; 1050, Trochilus gigas, habits in Journal of Researches, p. 331, [Edward] Blyth has notion about humming birds having unique internal structure2; 1157, Pteroptochos Tarnii Gray, habits of this and P. albicollis, above, in Journal of Researches, pp. 329 and 352, worthy of close examination; 1309, common North American rice bird [Dolichonyx oryzivorus, the bobolink]; and two birds without tickets, believed to be Opetiorhynci; read on habits before examining; send account of these specimens in month or five weeks; publication date of next number of "Bird Part" of Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle is uncertain; thanks for offer of Gallinaceous birds for dissection.

Note: 1. See Eyton, "Appendix," in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould ([1838]-1843), 147-56. For CD's description of the habits of these birds, see Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), pages as indicated above.
2. Blyth, "Outlines of a New Arrangement of Insessorial Birds," Mag. nat. Hist., 2 (1838), 256-68 and 314-19, esp. 258 and 262.

18. To [the publishing firm, Henry Colburn]; 12 Upper Gower St [1839] Thursday [?end. 1839] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p., end.? [1839]1 B D25.64

Capt. [Robert] FitzRoy thinks it desirable and does not object "to my appending an advertisement of the works, connected with the Beagle's Voyage," to the Journal of Researches; ask [Henry] Colburn for approval; thanks for yesterday's note, but CD plans to "append a fly page [giving]...notice of my works, to be bound up at end or beginning of the volume.-- I believe there are sufficient [notices] now printed...at Mr Smith, Elder..."; how late can CD send these "so as not to delay the binding...."

Note: 1. A date of "1839" is written at the head of the first page of the letter in ink similar to that used by CD, but it does not appear to be in CD's hand. Even if added later and not an endorsement by the recipient, this year appears correct, as the letter discusses Darwin's Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), the only Darwin work published by Colburn.

19. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; Maer Hall/ Newcastle Stafford [1839-1842]1 [wmk. 1839] ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 3p. B D25.H

Please send note, giving "date &c &c of the event"; Herbert could tell CD nothing when they last met; "We shall remain in the country (at Shrewsbury & here) for some weeks longer."; CD recovering slowly, but not yet well enough for work; "...good wishes & renewed congratulations...."

Note: 1. Darwin visited first Maer, then Shrewsbury, for "some weeks" during 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1844. Given the watermark of this letter, and CD's unwellness during the visit, I am inclined toward the earlier of these years, and have thus eliminated 1844. To fix the exact year, one would have to identify and date Herbert's "event", probably either his marriage or his ordination. "Darwin's Journal," 9-11.

20. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; 12 Upper Gower St [1840 January 6]1 Monday AL, S by init.; 7 x4.5 4p. B EY83

Ill, headache daily for week; delighted at Eyton's progress,2 finds results curious; thanks for undertaking task; "I cannot say when the next (& last) number of Birds will appear", perhaps March 1 or two or three months later; appreciates Eyton's offer to produce engravings of specimens, but "I am anxious to spend the government grant in the best way for science, &...I have already given...too much...to the birds & Mammalia"; Eyton must decide with this in mind; Eyton may keep specimens or give them to College of Surgeons; CD has "become a Father... [as of] last Friday week: it is a little Prince"

Note: 1. CD's first child was William Erasmus Darwin, born December 27, 1839, a Friday; see "Darwin's Journal," 9.
2. See letter to Eyton dated November 30, 1839, calendared above. The last number of the birds part of Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle ([1838]-1843) was published in March 1841; it included Eyton's appendix, sans engravings. See: Freeman, p. 13; and Eyton, "Appendix," in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould ([1838]-1843), 147-56.

21. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location [1840 February (19?)] Wednesday morn. [end. Feb. 1840; pmk. FE (19?)/ 1840; wmk. 1839] AL, S by init.; 7 3/4 x5; 6p. and env., add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury], end. [Mr Darwin Feb. 1840/ Coral reefs in open area/ no deeper than 20 fathoms (106)] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes. Life and Letters I, 301. line, 14, change "toughish" to "longish". At end of letter is: the following new points will appear in Darwin, Coral Reefs; CD's belief that coral reefs at greater depths than 20 fathoms in open oceans do not exist (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 558) contradicts [Christian Gottfried] Ehrenberg's claim of Red Sea coral beds at 25 fathoms; still, CD's argument that there must have been subsidence in large areas scattered with reefs, originally based on point about coral only at shallow depths, stands anyhow, since areas in which every island is low and formed of coral are immense; CD will use modified system of classifying reefs, namely, lagoon islands or atolls, " `encircling reefs' ", fringing reefs, and irregular reefs; modification of conclusion (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 567) "will chiefly consist in speaking rather less positively & using the words `alternate areas' more frequently than `parallel bands' "; will not discuss distribution of organic forms in Pacific (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 568); will come on Saturday, if well.

22. To [John] PHILLIPS; no location [ca. 1840] [end. Nov. 40; wmk. 1838] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 1p. and add. [Prof. Phillips/ St. Mary's Lodge/ York], end. [Darwin/ Nov. 40] B D25.123 no. 7

Encloses copy of paper on earthquakes;1 has grown older and wiser since he wrote it, so sets "less value on theoretical reasoning in geology"; still thinks there is weight in argument respecting "the necessary slow elevation of mountain chains, which have protuberant axis of Plutonic rock"; welcomes Phillips's comments.

Note: 1. Perhaps the manuscript of Darwin, "Observations of Proofs of Recent Elevation on the Coast of Chili [sic],..." Proc. geol. Soc., 2 (1848): 446-49.

23. To [Charles] LYELL; no location [1841 March 9;?end. 9th March 1841; wmk. 1839] ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p.,?end. [9th March 1841] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 173-74 (letter 517). p. 173, line 2, add: "Your objection to objection against upheaval, in favour of glaciers (as explaining Glen Roy) about elevation (you will understand what I mean) is quite new to me and seems very sound."

24. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury [1841 July] 6th Tuesday [end. june 1841; pmk. JY 6/ 1841] ALS; 9 x7.5 7p. and add. [Charles Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury Sqre/ London], end. [Mr Darwin on Coral Islands/ Belizes & Honduras; (107) Darwin June 1841/ Coral reefs at Belize/ & Africa covered by mud] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 193-94 (letter 532). p. 194, line 20, add: discusses neutral tint for uncertain reefs [on CD's plate 3 in Coral Reefs]; concerning Red Sea, if [Christian Gottfried] Ehrenberg is correct, then Captain [Sir Fairfax] Moresby's accounts and charts indicate that "the true reefs...are more fringes to singularly formed land";1 Ehrenberg, Moresby, and others will all agree if one assumes "that ancient barrier & encircling reefs, formed by subsidence, have... been uplifted &...worn down...& are now...fringed by...reefs"; this view too hypothetical for publication by CD; West Indies reefs are also obscure; "the symmetry of reefs seems greatly disturbed every where except in open ocean, or near open ordinary coast-lines". At end of letter is: Bermuda is similar to Bahamas--formed by elevation of ordinary land, with windward edges solidified by growth of some coral; health better, but will ail for years, and since " `race is for the strong' ", CD "must be content to admire the strides others make in Science.... I shall just crawl on with my S[outh] American work & be as easy as I can."; probably will return on 15 or 16, wants to see Lyell before he departs [to America].

Note: 1. See also letter from Darwin to Lyell, February (19?), 1840, above. Ehrenberg's account is probably his Ueber die Natur und Bildung der Coralleninseln und Corrallenbänke in Rothen Meere (Berlin: n.p., 1834).

25. To [Charles] LYELL; no location [1841] Friday ALS; 8 x6.5 8p. B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 148-50 (letter 499). p. 150, line 2, add: "I wish you had in your mind's eye the quantity of solid rock removed on this beach."

26. To C[harles] LYELL; no location [1841; wmk. 1839] ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr], end. [Vide p. 268 Agassiz/ on perched rocks of the Alps/ in contradistinction to those of Jura??] B D25.L

Gives dimensions and elevation of Chiloe Island and relationship to Cordillera; gives composition and geology of Chiloe; "In mentioning blocks on Chiloe put granite first, because I know more certainly that syenite came from Cordillera...."; blocks are strewed on shores of islets and in narrow creeks on coast, where there must have been channels, which after elevation correspond with those of [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz in valleys of Jura; see forthcoming paper;1 no fossils with boulder formations, but on them; doubts "perched rocks" on Jura; perched rocks, if on pinnacles, would be "fearful argument for Agassiz's sheet of ice."; Agassiz seems to consider angularity of Jura fragments a difficulty on ordinary moraine or glacier action; make no changes in published explanations, even though "your view is very probable"; "my talk with R[obert] Brown after that with you has knocked me up...."; [crossed out] "I have brought my mind to neglect all negative evidence, especially absence of shells-- Who would have anticipated [Sir Roderick Impey] Murchison's few shells in center of England."

Note: 1. Darwin, "On the Distribution of the Erratic Boulders and on the Contemporaneous Unstratified Deposits of South America," Proc. geol. Soc. Lond., 3 (1838-1842), 425-30; and Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1842), 415-32.

27. To [Charles] LYELL; no location [1841] ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p. B D25.L

Cannot help regarding subsidence; did Jura have present form when terrestrial animals were embedded?; if not, subsidence may have been small; all areas (forests, mountainsides, and sea-channels) need not have been cold when ice floated; "I don't look at bridge of ice, (or the subsidence, or the absence of shells, for I think I out-Lyell Lyell)" as difficulty; glacier expert [Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz] is best evidence, says that Jura erratics "are totally distinct" from those in Alpine valleys; idea of sea of ice carrying rocks in all directions from a small central point is "monstrous"; hopes there are no perched rocks on Jura; did Agassiz find caldron under existing Alpine glaciers?; caldrons are "most inexplicable part of case under every hypothesis"; agrees regarding the arguing of both sides of issue; can give no reasons for supposing Pentlands to be dry shortly before "elevation during ice time."

28. To C[harles] LYELL; [Bromley (from pmk.)] [1842 October 5-7; end. Octr. 7. 1842; pmk. OC 7/ 1842] ALS; 8 x5; 10p. (first leaf missing) and fragment of env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr./ Kinnordy/ Kerriemuir/ N. Britain], end. [(illegible number--PTC)/ Mr Darwin on/ Corals./ Octr. 7. 1842.] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 150-51 (letter 500). Before printed portion, add: Suspects some West Indian and Indian corals are same species; "But corals alter their habit so greatly according to where they grow, that the subject, will, I fear, for a long time be involved in great obscurity."; mentions genus Millepora; Crescent Island in Low Archipelago; difficulty of dead reefs not great; such exist, especially in Chagos group, according to Capt. [Sir Fairfax] Moresby; would admit difficulty if reefs as plentiful in tropical seas as vegetation on tropical land; perhaps an increase of small crustaceae in sea or actiniae on shore robs a reef of food, thereby killing it; "...as we see that the presence of reefs is not universal, we ought to expect to find that those same causes, which determine their absence ab origine in some place[s], should have destroyed them in others--"; reefs perish first to leeward side of island; goes to [Geological Society of London] Council meeting tomorrow; Friday morning [October 7] has returned from 2.5-hour meeting; discussed candidates for position of curator and librarian; [?William Charles Linnaeus] Martin of Zoological Society judged best; discussed [Edward] Charlesworth's accusations of unfairness against his candidature, considered but rejected a plan to deny his accusations publicly; Charlesworth challenged [Rev. William] Buckland, Lyell, and [Sir Richard] Owen to argue the "whole old question [of the Crag controversy] before the meeting!"; "...it is not the wise who rule the unwise in this world, but the active rule the inactive and verily Charlesworth is...active....";1 second part of sixth volume of Trans. geol. Soc. Lond. was approved; last Friday, had long talk with [William] Lonsdale, who was cheerful for first time in his life because of [Wollaston Fund] gift, which he will use on coral work--"a noble return" on the gift. p. 151, line 9, change "the sheep" to "two sheep". At end of letter is: excuse length of letter; CD's wife, baby [Mary Eleanor Darwin] "going on fairly well" following birth, son William stronger [?after illness].

Note: 1. For more on the topics discussed at this Council meeting, see Horace B. Woodward, The History of the Geological Society of London (London: Geological Society, 1907), 148. On Charlesworth's challenge concerning the Crag question, see Lyell: The Years to 1841, chapter 14, passim.

29. To [William Hallowes] MILLER; Down (type 1) [ca. 1842] Sunday [wmk. 1840] ALS; 8 x5; 4p. B D25.156

After two-three year interval, is preparing geological notes;1 some blanks in MS where description of mineral specimens, sent to Miller, should be; has searched specimens returned by Miller and cannot find these; first missing specimen, according to notebook, is " `378 (yellow) a prism of 79.5, not yet ascertained'...in which the cells are half filled up horizontally"; since not yet ascertained, CD presumes Miller has it; other missing specimens, "240 & 246 (white)", were deposited with Miller, are "what [Adam] Sedgwick would...call `beastly rocks' ", and "form an entire island, though...a small one"; reply soon; has been ill; "I have left London & bought this place [Down House] & I find the change very agreeable."; those interested in welfare of Geological Society of London should attend special general meeting on December 3.

Note: 1. This appears to refer to the manuscript of Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844); according to "Darwin's Journal", 10, CD began to revise Syms Covington's manuscript for this book on October 14, 1842, which is the reason for the date for this letter as given above.

30. To [Charles LYELL]; no location [1842] AL, S by init.; 8 x6.5 5p. B D25L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 195-197 (letter 533). p. 196, line 31, questionable word is definitely "thickness", and italicize and underline "may".

31. To [?William Jackson] HOOKER; Down House/ Orpington Kent 1843 June 25 L or copy of L; 8 3/4 x6 3/4; 1p. B D25.29

Thanks for information; has sent notes on Volcanic Islands,1 which please return after reading so CD can rewrite and correct them; has been very busy "since I came here [Down House]"; suits him at new place; is determined "to show the people the gift of mankind in regards penmanship of an unusual kind...."

Note: 1. Undoubtedly the MS of Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844).

32. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2) [1843 September] Friday [end. Sept. 1843; wmk. 1841] ALS; 7 x4.5 (black border); 8p., end. [(6) Darwin on Kemp/ Sept. 1843/ germinatn of fossil seeds] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 244 (letter 577). At beginning of letter is: does not know if Lyell is still in Kinnordy; has not been to London for awhile because of wife's advanced pregnancy; at British Association meeting [in Cork the preceding August], geological department was poor, but zoological better than usual; has had "sanguine letters from [George Robert] Waterhouse", who was grateful for Lyell's aid; if Waterhouse is hired, he will "enjoy his seven shillings a day from the British Museum, as much as most men would ten times the sum..."; "forlorn" letter from [William] Lonsdale, concerning "very fine series of Touraine corals"; [Edward] Forbes lent Lonsdale his recent Mediterranean species; Lonsdale's only identification as yet with recent species is with "a curious, undescribed Escharina from Dartmouth harbour!" line 15, change "a vivification" to "the revivification". line 22, add: began working a MS in October, has "cut away & shortened at a good rate"; two years ago, thought MS was fit for publication; Lonsdale will describe "corallines from a (mountain limestone?) series from Van Dieman's Land". At end of letter is: greetings to Lyell family.

33. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 1) [1843 December 16] Saturday [end. Decr. 1843; pmk. DE 16/ 1843; wmk. 1842] ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury Square/ London], end. [Darwin 99a/ Tosca or Pampean mud/ not diluvium. Sections/ of it--/ Decr. 1843.], sketches B D25.L

Has consulted notes, finds "that the proposition that the Tosca was a diluvial mud is monstrous", since it "is distinctly stratified in some parts"; Tosca "not the last deposit"; gives illustrations, with sketches of sections, from Uruguay River and Banda Oriental; "there appears to be an older & newer tosca"; upper tosca, with exceptions, is similar "over wide spaces"; implies a disagreement over this point with [Alcide Dessalines] D'Orbigny, gives example of Rio Negro to illustrate D'Orbigny's error; finds "that the comglomerate of pumice in sandstone in the Patagonian Tertiary is apocryphal."

34. To?; Down (type 2) [ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]1 March 26th ALS; 8 x5; 1p. B D25.115

Returns Greenland Catalogue with thanks; is ashamed to have forgotten to return it sooner.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

35. To [Henry DENNY]2; Down (type 2) [ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]1 June 3d ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.73

Thanks for note; corr. is "at perfect liberty to mention Mr. Martial's story";3 Martial was a ship's surgeon, but worthless and slightly educated; "perhaps, however, in some respects his story is less likely from this cause to have been invented.-- I myself do not think our supposed knowledge of having come from one stock ought to enter into any scientific reasoning"; Eastern and Western Europeans have different species of intestinal worms; cannot now search for specimens, but will do so later if requested; Pediculi perish on wild animals during passage to England, and a slight fever or broken wrist with no fever can cause evacuation of intestinal worms, which shows that slight changes in constitution affect parasites.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.
2. Written on original letter by CD's son was Denny's name.
3. See Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 219.

36. To?; Down (type 2) [ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]1 Sept 22 ANS; 8 x5; 1p. B D25.22

Sends short and interesting addition to be tacked on to end of [?Thomas Henry] Farrer's paper, if corr. prints it.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

37. To [Henry DENNY]; Down (type 1) [?1844]1 Jan. 20th ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. B D25.72

Would like to help Denny; collected some lice, but part of collection was lost and CD has been prevented from going over his zoological collection by ill health and desire to finish geological works; will go over collection soon and will then save lice for Denny; [George Robert] Waterhouse can help identify CD's ticketed specimens for Denny.

Note: 1. CD sorted his collections in mid-1844, after finishing his Volcanic Islands (1844); see "Darwin's Journal," 10-11.

38. To [Leonard] HORNER; Down (type 1) 1844 Aug 29th [end. 29 Aug 44; wmk. 1842] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 7p. and end. [C. Darwin/ 29 Aug 44] B D25.L1

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 115-17 (letter 480). p. 116, line 15, questionable word is definitely "relieved". p. 116, line 25, change "unfilled" to "upfilled". At end of letter is: Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] will give instructions for travel to Down.

39. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 1) [1844 September] Sunday [end. Sept. 1844; wmk. 1842] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 7p. and fragment of env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury Square/ London], end. [Sept. 1844/ Darwin/ Patagonia/ rising gragually--/ Mastodon/ D'Orbigny/ sudden upthrust of/ Patagonia controverted], sketch B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 117-20 (letter 481). p. 119, line 22, change "Pampas [debacle?]" to "Pampaean debacle [i.e. Pompeian earthquake]". p. 120, line 17, add: regards to Lyell's wife and had hoped to have seen Horners at Down.

40. To?; Down (type 1) [?1845] Jan 26th [wmk. 1844] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 6p. B D25.126

Ill; extract, sent by corr., is fullest account CD has seen, refers to island called Pouynipete or Seniavane [i.e. Seniavine or Senyavin]; this is same island as is mentioned in Darwin, Coral Reefs (1842), pp. 127 and 168; describes how he can claim this; description sent by corr. apparently refers to a high island, a significant fact for CD, but "Every one knows how greedily a theorist pounces on a fact, highly favourable to his views," thus CD wished to believe in this fact; nevertheless, CD skeptical of it; writer spoke of granite blocks, but CD thinks island is volcanic; moreover, CD "heard (perhaps...unjustly) very indifferent accounts of Dr. Lloghtsky's moral character; agrees that the case is neither fully established in fact nor fully fabricated; "I have very little doubt that hereafter, the existence of former wide tracts of land, since buried in the ocean by subsidence, will turn out the chief means of the migrations & passage of animals, plants & man, from one part of the world to another", gives examples to demonstrate this; apologies for length of letter, thanks for prompt answer, compliments to "Miss Smith".

41. To E[dward] W[illiam] BRAYLEY; Down, Kent 1845 Feb. 7th [wmk. 1844] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. and add. [E. W. Brayley Esqr] B D25.253

Letter of recommendation. Brayley apparently applying for a lectureship in geology; praises Brayley's "remarkable powers in acquiring scientific knowledge of varied kinds, &...your extensive reading."

42. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2) [1845 February 8] Saturday [end. 1845; pmk. FE 8/ 1845; wmk. 1842] ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury Sqr/ London], end. [Darwin (9) 1845/ Dorbigny on S. Amer/ican shells common] to Europe, Silur-/ian & Cretaceous/ 1st. & 2d. p. of letter] B D25.L

[Alcide Dessalines] d'Orbigny describes ten Silurian fossils from eastern Bolivian Cordillera as similar to European species, does same for seven Devonian fossils and 23 Carboniferous fossils, although two of the latter, viz. Natica antisinensis [i.e. antisiensis] & Spirifer Roissyi, are not new species; five of the cretaceous fossils, says D'Orbigny, are common to Paris Basin;1 forgot, when with Lyell on Thursday, to ask Lyell to speak again to [John] Murray about CD's Journal of Researches [Freeman 7 or 8] (1845); since their meeting, saw [Hugh] Cuming about South American fossils and "their range with respect to my Tertiary species"; only series Cuming has not examined and wishes to examine are about 90 shells from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; wishes to have this done for several reasons; discusses arrangements to do so; "I fear you will think this so much trouble, that you will wish I had never given you my collection."

Note: 1. Letter explicitly refers to Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., v.3, pt. 3: Geologie (Paris: Strasbourg, 1842), 226, 230 [sic; should be 233], and 239.

43. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2) [1845 July] Saturday [wmk. 1845] ALS; 10 x8; 4p. B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters I, 337-39. p. 338, line 16, change "the first" to "this first". p. 338, last line, add: remembrances to Lyell's wife; CD's wife remains "wearismme". At end of letter is: remembrances to Lyell family at Kinnordy.

44. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2) [1845 August 2] (Saturday) [end. 1845 and in another place Augt. 1. 1845; wmk. 1842] ALS; 10 x8; 9p. and end. [(4) 1845/ C. Darwin/ Criticisms on/ Lyells Travels in/ U.S &c/ (4)] and [Darwin/ Augt. 1. 1845] B D25.L

Printed: Life and Letters I, 339-41. At end of letter is: remarks on eight particular passages in Lyell's new book,1 as follows: v. 1, p. 81, on resemblance of corals, shells, & insects and on analogy of Arctic and Antarctic fauna; v. 1, p. 138, on extinct species of Fulgur and Gnathodon; v. 1, p. 150, on breathing as source of carbonic acid; v. 1, p. 181, on means of water-erosion on seam of carbon; v. 2, p. 37, on Fuegians using a hollowed tree; v. 2, p. 54, on wood or fruits floating on sea; v. 2, p. 65, on buffaloes killed while rushing to drink; v. 2, p. 189, on parallels between present Arctic and Lyell's Carboniferous floras, in terms of extent of distribution; "Might you not...bring more prominently forward the absurdity of arguing from one quarter of the globe, without knowing what was going on in other parts...."; CD's wife and baby [George Howard Darwin] are well; further family details; "P.S. Have you any of my volumes of Lamarck??"

Note: 1. Lyell, Travels in North America..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1845).

45. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2) [1845] Aug. 25th.-- [wmk. 1842] AL (incomplete); 10 x8; 4p. B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 341-42. p. 341, line 3, add: "Please read this before you go" to America on September 4; concerning radiation of snow, CD opposes "the colour-doctrine.-- I find from [?John] Leslie (in [Andrew] Ure1), the radiating...power of Lamp-black being called 100, and gold, silver, copper being 12; Writing paper is 98, plumbago 75 and ice is 85. From [William Charles] Wells,2 it appears, that when swan-down...exposed to open sky falls 16°; grass falls 15°; & snow falls between 12° & 13°: gravel & flag-stone...are inferior to grass, but how much is not said."; Dr. [Patrick] Wilson gives similar data; concludes that snow-covered land "radiates its heat, but little less than the most favourable land." p. 342, line 12, add: multiple and single creations probably discussed in latest Kosmos, since H. [?Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt] discussed this with [Joseph Dalton] Hooker "& Humbolt [sic] is a multiple man."; hopes Lyell's next excursion will be to Sicily, to study evidence for and to refute craters of elevation theory. p. 342, line 21, add: will miss visiting Lyells while they are away. p. 342, line 22, add: will send third part of Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 7, pt. 3] (1845) on Monday.

Note: 1. This work might be Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, 1839), although I could not pinpoint the precise passage to which CD refers. 2. CD refers to Wells, An Essay on Dew... (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1814), esp. 43-50. See also Richard Harrison Shryock, "The Strange Case of Wells' Theory of Natural Selection (1813)...," in M. F. Ashley Montagu, ed., Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning... in Homage to George Sarton... (New York: Henry Schuman, [1946]), 195-209.

46. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury [1845] October 8th.-- [pmk. OC 8/ 1845; wmk. 1842] ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr/ Post Office/ Boston/ United States], end. [Mr Darwin/ Queries about negroes] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 343-45. At beginning of letter is: has not written because has "seen hardly anyone & done little"; "...it has been asserted that on the negroes born in N[orth]. America, the lice are larger & of a blacker colour, than the dommon species; & that the European lice will not live on negroes."; has heard analogous story about men of Sandwich Islands; asks Lyell to check this and to send specimens of lice from blacks to [Henry] Denny; [Edward] Long's History of Jamaica [London: T. Lowndes, 1774] states that mulattos cross sterile; asks Lyell for comparative information on crosxes of "Indians & Europeans & Negroes & Europeans". p. 344, line 14, change "our scientific" to "non-scientific". p. 344, line 17, missing name is [William John] Broderip.

47. To [?Isaac ANDERSON-HENRY]; Shrewsbury [1845-1848]1 Friday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. B D25.188

Is visiting his father; thanks for offer to experiment on hybrids; please record "all faots, such as the number of plants you experimentise on, their names &c &c.--"; "Negative facts (Ie failures) are as important to know as successes.--"; will acknowledge source of all results published; sends copy of Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 8] (1845), which "is I hope somewhat improved, from the 1st [edition] that was published."

Note: 1. The second edition of the Journal of Researches was published--or printed, at least--in 1845; CD's father died in 1848. These set the endpoints for the date. Anderson-Henry was chosen as correspondent merely because this letter was pubchased in a lot with another letter to Anderson-Henry and apparently was glued in a scrapbook along with the other letter at one time.

48. To [Richard] OWEN; Down (type 2) [1846 May 12] Tuesday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. B D25.181

Wishes to see Owen on Thursday morning concerning Mammifers of the Plata; if Owen cannot see CD then, send note to "7 Park St Grosvenor Sqr"; has begun reading Owen on British fossils [i.e. A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (London: John Van Voorst, 1846)].

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University.

49. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury [1846 August 8] Saturday [end. Augt. 10--1846--; pmk. AU 8/ 1846; wmk. 1842] ALS; 10 x8; 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr. Junr.--/ Kinnordy/ Kirriemuir/ Scotland], end. [(11)/ C. Darwin/ Augt. 10--1846--/ on his work on/ volcanos/ on hybrids] B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 222-24 (letter 557). At end of this portion is: pleased that Lyell will read Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844); cost 18 months work, but few have read it; "now [that Lyell is reading it] I shall feel whatever little (& little it is) there is confirmatory...will work its effect...."; wishes he could say same for Darwin, South America (1846), but cannot; wanted to discuss with Lyell the foliation of metamorphic schists, the absence of recent conchiferous deposits, and the deposit of tertiary formations during subsidence; has corrected two-thirds of South America and hopes to publish during August; returns to Down on Tuesday; family ill; sends regards; must do proofreading.
Next portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 327, lines 3-7. At end of this portion is: regards to wife.

50. To C[harles] LYELL; no location [1846 October 3; end. 1846; pmk. OC 3/ 1846; wmk. 1842] ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ Cavendish Sqr/ London], end. [(10) Darwin on Ramsays/ paper on Denuda/tion/ 1846--] B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 120-22 (letter 482). p. 121, line 23, change "foundations" to "formation"/.

51. To [Smith, Elder, and Company]; 7. Park St./ Grosvenor Sqr [1846 October 19] Monday night [end. Oct 20, 1846] ALS; 7 x4.5 3p. and end. [C. Darwin by/ Park St./ Oct 20, 1846] B D25.128

Has received his copy of Darwin, South America (1846); "coloured Plate [i.e. Plate I]" has "its back to all the letter press; it is almost impossible to refer to it" this way; "a stupid trick"; orders corr. to cut out all plates that are bound and make them front the letterpress; likes looks of volume; has not seen any advertisements yet.

52. To [Andrew Crombie RAMSAY]; Down (type 3) [?1846]1 Dec. 21st ALS; 7.25 x4.5 11p. B D25.174

Ill for week; thanks for letter; glad Ramsay values parts of book [Darwin, South America (1846)]; concerning "traces of Terraces", a "hobby-horse" of CD, did not see signs of such terraces on recent visit to Snowdonia in North Wales; even recent paper2 on Scandinavian drift by [Roderick Impey] Murchison errs by "speaking of...successive terraces as the direct effects of so many elevations [rather than as] the indirect effect of an elevation, & the direct effect of the sea's destroying power...."; does not know whether old Tertiary beds of South America were submerged until recent layers set down, but certain they were slowly uplifted, with low parts long submerged; "I think this absence of any considerable recent fossiliferous deposits on both E. & W. coasts, the most remarkable thing I observed" in South America; see page 135 of Darwin, South America (1846); this subject "helps to explain the breaks in Geological chronology & has disabused my mind of a prejudice that durable fossiliferous formations are in most places now accumulating."; thinks "ejected volcanic crystals of glassy feldspar are always broken.--"; found Murchison's thin Silurian lavastreams near Stiper Stones to be injected; for measurements of thin streams, see Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844), 103 and 109; Ramsay working at interesting site, [?Edward] Forbes gave information on it; where lavas are vesicular and decomposed, has seen "most marvellous transitions into sedimentary beds", partly caused by compression and movement of once-solid lava; impossible to say "where lava ended & tuff began, though neither [were] in the lease metamorphosed."; suspects some metamorphosis; doubts alleged high erosive power of gravel on underlying rocks beneath a sea of any depth; apologies for long letter; directs letter to Charing Cross, since Ramsay probably back from Bala [Wales].

Note: 1. Year based on publication date of Darwin, South America (1846).
2. Murchison, "On the Superficial Detritus of Sweden,..." Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 2 (1846), pt. 1: 349-81.

53. To [Leonard] HORNER; Down (type 3) [1846] Monday ALS; 7 x4.5 4p. (enclosure wanting) B D25.257

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 174-75 (letter 518). Also printed in Katherine M[urray Horner] Lyell, ed. Memoir of Leonard Horner...Consisting of Letters to His Family and from Some of His Friends, ed. by his daughter..., 2v. (London: Women's Printing Soc., Ltd., 1890), II, 103.

54. To [(?William) HUTTON]1; Down (type 2) (black border) [?1846]1 Wednesday ALS; 7 x4.5 1p. B D25.14

Thanks for loan of Horticultural Journal; has read Dr. [William] Herbert's paper2 "with interest"; will return journal to Athenaeum Club; joins wife in regards to "Mrs. Hutton" and family.

Note: 1. CD refers to Jl R. hort. Soc. (see Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection, index entries under William Herbert); first volume published in 1846, thereby setting lower endpoint for date. Articles by Herbert appeared in volumes 1 (1846) and 2 (1847), but in no later volumes. Corr. seems to be William Hutton, because John Lindley was a close friend and colleague of this Hutton and was also a leading figure in the Horticultural Society of London at this time; moreover, William Hutton was a geologist with an interest in botany and fossils, which suggests both that CD knew him and that he would be interested in horticultural matters. William Hutton died in 1860, thereby setting upper endpoint for date. He was on the island of Malta from 1846 to 1857 (see DNB, 28, 363), leaving only 1846 and 1857-1860 as possible dates for letter. Black border indicates death in Darwin family; only deaths during these years were CD's mother-in-law in 1846 (see Emma Darwin, II, 89) and CD's son and his eldest sister in 1858 (see "Darwin's Journal," 14 and 14n). Earlier year chosen because style of handwriting and ink used (a lighter brown than usual) match style and ink of 1846 letters better than style and ink of 1858 letters.
2. Probably "Local Habitation and Wants of Plants," Jl R. hort. Soc., 1 (1846): 44-49.

55. To W[illiam] B[enjamin] CARPENTER; Down (type 3) [ca. 1846-1855]1 Saturday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.157

Sorry to have broken engagement, but was unwell; is "most anxious" to have Carpenter's advice; would make special trip [to London] to see him and to order microscope; Carpenter's note convinced CD to get [a microscope] and "I groan to think over the 3 or 4 months [until delivery of the microscope]"; discusses details of possible meeting times.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

56. To?; Down (type 3) [ca. 1846-1855]1 Saturday ALS; 7 x4.5 3p. B D25.21

Enclosed probably longer than corr. wished, but "a page in Annals swallows up much M.S."; has marked a page for extraction, "without which [page] my remark w[oul]d be unintelligible"; note "expresses my most honest conviction after careful perusal...", despite its laudatory tone; gives permission to alter but not to shorten; offers to proofread galley, "as my style is often very faulty."

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

57. To C[harles] LYELL; no location [1847 January 20; end. Jany/47; pmk. JA 20/ 1847; wmk. 1846] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [(112)/ Darwin -- Jany/47/ Structure of Gneiss] B D25.L

To show that CD not "overrash in generalising my conclusion", copies passage from Darwin, South America (1846), page 167, which begins on line 6 and ends on line 14 of that page, concerning cleavage and foliation.

58. To [Charles] LYELL; Down [1847 January 24] Sunday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 5p. B D25.L1

Concerning reefs of Tahiti. Supposes "reef under water" to be dead semi-submerged rock separating living reef from "the islets, which Dr Gould calls the Barrier."; Tahiti less perfectly encircled by reefs than other islands of its group, but considers it encircled because of [James] Cook's chart,1 which has been verified by the French; see page 152 of Darwin, Coral Reefs (1842); reef is much broken where ships enter; Americans unaware of submerged and probably dead part of reef described in Nautical Magazine for 1836;2 this is the least perfect part, according to Cook; did not color it in plate without consideration; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker visiting Down, working at paper on coal plants3 and conversing with CD; Hooker admires [Charles James Fox] Bunbury's papers.

Note: 1. Perhaps the chart reproduced as Chart V in R. A. Skelton, ed., The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery: Charts & Views Drawn by Cook..., printed for the Hakluyt Society (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1955).
2. W. Forbes, "Description of the Reefs on the North-east Coast of Tahiti,..." Nautical Magazine, 5 (1836): 264.
3. Hooker, "On the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Period,..." Mem. geol. Surv. U. K., 2 (1848): 387-430.

59. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 3) [1847 March 7] Sunday [end. March 7. 1847; pmk. MR 8/ 1847] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11 Harley St/ London], end. [(12) Darwin/ March 7. 1847/ R. Chambers on Paralell/ Roads of Glen Roy] B D25.L

Thanks for copy of seventh ed. of Principles of Geology... (London: John Murray, 1847) with "much new...to refer to"; wants list of new parts. as promised, since CD too busy to read in toto; [?Charles] Stokes has lent CD volumes 1-30 of Annls. Sci. nat.; has been ill; sorry to have missed Lyell while in London; Robert Chambers gave CD a sketch of [David] Milne[-Home]'s views on Glen Roy,1 and CD has reread his own paper2 and is "now, that I have heard what is to be said, not even staggered."3; Chambers did not read CD's paper with care and did not look at CD's colored map,4 so "the new shelf...had not been searched for,..."; was "quite chicken-hearted" at Geological Society of London until Lyell reassured him; Darwin, South America (1846) has had "enormous sale" of 100 copies; CD's father better, but "much changed bodily" in last six months.

Note: 1. Milne, "On the Parallel Roads of Lochaber,..." Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 16 (1849): 395-418. See also: Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 2 (1844-1850); 124-25 and 132-33; and Edinb. new phil. J., 43 (1847): 339-64.
2. Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839): 39-81.
3. See Paul H. Barrett, "Darwin's `Gigantic Blunder'," Journal of Geological Education, January 1973; 19-28.
4. Darwin, op. cit. (note 2), Plate I.

60. To C[harles] LYELL; Down [1847 June] Wednesday [end. June 1847] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr], end. [C. Darwin/ June 1847/ On Dr.Morton's/ paper on/ Hybridity/ (13)] B D25.L

Returns [William] Whewell correspondence, likes Lyell's bold reply;1 returns [volume 3 of] Silliman's J. containing [Samuel George] Morton's article;2 glad to have seen latter, but thinks it "a merely tabulated compilation from [Edward] Griffith's Cuvier";3 Morton's worst fault is failure to consult primary sources; gives examples of this concerning dubious hybrids, refers to [Coenraad Jacob] Temminck; "What a capital Journal Silliman's is; there is always something of interest in it."

Note: 1. See I. Todhunter, William Whewell..., 2v. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1876), I, 161.
2. Morton, "Hybridity in Animals, Considered in Reference to the Question of the Unity of the Human Species," 39-50 and 203-12.
3. Georges L. C. F. D. de Cuvier, The Animal Kingdom..., with additional descriptions...by Edward Griffith..., 16 v. (London: Geo. B. Whittaker, 1827-1835).

61. To [Mrs. M. A. T. WHITBY]; Down (type 3) [1847]1 Sept 2d ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. B D25.102

Information on silkworm provided by Whitby "last year at Southampton"; in moths raised from silkworms kept in captivity, are the wings crippled and is flight impossible; is this especially true in France and Italy; if so, are males and females equally flightless; presumes case similar to domestic ducks; has Whitby tried "two experiments on hereditariness" which CD suggested, viz., first, whether black-eyebrowed caterpillar produces black or dark-eyed caterpillar young; and second, if fat caterpillars called Frales produce moths and, if so, whether moth offspring are "likewise fat & silkless."; needs results, "for in a work which I intend some few years hence to publish on variation, there will be hardly any facts in the insect world."; are there differences in habits in different caterpillar breeds.2

Note: 1. CD and Whitby met at the September, 1846, meeting of the British Association, held at Southampton; see Whitby, "On the Cultivation of Silk in England," Rep. Br. Ass. Advmt Sci., 16 (1846), pt. 2: 87-88.
2. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication [Freeman 233] (1868), I, 302-03.

62. To?; Down (type 3) [?1847] Sept 7th [wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.265

Some years ago, took his collection of Mollusca in spirits to [?George Brettingham] Sowerby [?the elder]; more interesting forms, including many cirripedes, were then sent to [Richard] Owen; describes physical features of specimen bottles, asks corr. to look for them; "it is most mortifying...to have lost my own Cirripedia, now that I am at work on them."; will be in London in October, will call on corr. "at the [?Royal] College [?of Surgeons] and look over corr.'s cirripede collections; offers corr. a first-stage Scalpellum larva without striation.

63. To C[harles] LYELL [sic];1 no location [1847 October 4] Monday Morning [end. Oct. 1847; pmk. OC 4/ 1847] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr--/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [Darwin (110)/ Oct. 1847/ Glen Roy/ Glacier Theory] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 187088 (letter 523). At beginning of letter is: Obliged for barnacles; the one marked "Bergen" is the right one, but its locality is unknown; it is not a Conia; will keep shells, including new one, until review of them is finished; thank husband for note; "what an awful joke...if we had all subscribed for a horrid calf's head?"; will be "grievous" if Coal Saurian proves to be a fish; "I will hope still that [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's positive assertions may be disproved by bones, as well as footsteps.--"

Note: 1. While letter is addressed to Charles Lyell, the salutation greets his wife, Mary Elizabeth Horner Lyell.

64. To [Charles] LYELL; no location [1847 October 11] Monday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. and 1p. enc. B D25.L

Encloses measurements representing results of comparison of Lochaber and Galashiels Terraces, the latter measured by [William] Kemp; results "wonderful", show similar elevations for terraces in two locations; believes measurements of [?Alan] Stevenson and [Robert] Chambers are correct, those of [John] Macculloch are wrong; told Chambers that Lyell and CD both thought ice-lake theory worth considering, Chambers replied that this was dream; [Charles] Maclaren did not insert abstract of [David] Milne[-Home]'s paper1 into Scotsman and thus will not insert CD's letter;2 [Robert] Jameson will insert it in Philosophical Journal, but CD has written Jameson "to beg him to destroy it."; will return [Casterordes?] paper with [Hugh] Miller's [?book];3 Down House full of relatives.

Note: 1. "On the Parallel Roads of Lochaber,..." Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 16 (1849); 395-418; Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 2 (1844-1850); 124-25 and 132-33; Edinb. new phil. J., 43 (1847): 339-64.
2. Printed at the end of Paul H. Barrett, "Darwin's `Gigantic Blunder'," Journal of Geological Education, January 1973: 19-28.
3. First Impressions of England and Its People (London: J. Johnstone?, 1847); see More Letters, II, 188.

65. To [Charles] LYELL; no location [1847 (?ca. October)]1 Saturday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 328n. At end of letter is: delighted by letter2 from [Bernhard] Studer to [James David] Forbes showing that layers in gneiss have nothing to do with stratification in Alps; this agrees with Darwin, South America (1846); tell [Leonard] Horner of this, as Horner wished to know what things were in the book; enjoyed Lyell's visit to Down; regards to wife.

Note: 1. Lyell visited Down in October, 1847; see Life and Letters I, 360.
2. "Remarks on the Geological Relations of the Gneiss of the Alps," Edinb. new phil. J., 42 (1846-1847): 186-87.

66. To [Henri] MILNE-EDWARDS; Down (type 3) 1847 Nov. 18th [pmk. 20NO20/ 1847; wmk. 1846] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p and add. [A Monsieur/ M. Milne Edwards/ Membre de l'Institut/ et Professeur a l'ecole Centrale des Arts/ Paris] B D25.20

Has, he believes, the male, the female, and the larvae (in different states) of a "singular Lernaea like animal, which is parasitic on Balanus"; these are identified erroneously as the male of the Balanus and as a new genus of isopodous Crustacean parasitic on this male Balanus by [Harry (not Henry, as is printed with article) D. S.] Goodsir in ["On the Sexes, Organs of Reproduction, and Mode of Development, of the Cirripeds,..."] Edinb. new phil. J., 35 (1843): 88; offers specimens of these to Milne-Edwards, "to whose publications, I have long owed much pleasure & instruction"; could send them through Baillieu the Bookseller.

67. To [?Robert] HUTTON; Down (type 3) [1847-1848]1 Sunday [wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. B D25.245

Thanks to Hutton and friend for help in obtaining introduction to Lady E[mily Georgiana Bagot] Finch[-Hatton, Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham], but right after seeing Hutton at Geological Society of London, CD heard from his father that an old friend could provide introduction; regards to Hutton family.

Note: 1. Watermark is lower endpoint; death of CD's father in 1848 is upper.

68. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) [ca. 1847-1849] Wednesday 8th Copy of L; 10 x8; 6p. and end. [Darwin/ Letter on Glen Roy/ Milne's paper] B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 181-87 (letter 522). p. 184, line 14, pluralize "lake". Original of this letter is in Cambridge University Library; see Handlist of Darwin Papers, 13.

69. To [George Robert] WATERHOUSE; Down (type 3) [1847-1855] Sunday [wmk. 1847]1 ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. and end. [C. Darwin Esqr] B D25.211

Heard Wednesday at Museum that Waterhouse expected back soon; invites Waterhouse for dinner at Down on Saturday the twelfth, return to London Monday morning; [Charles and Mary] Lyell, [Edward] Forbes, [Andrew Crombie] Ramsay, and R[obert Hermann] Schomburgk are also invited; wants to hear "some news of your foreign trip."

Note: 1. Upper endpoint set by type of Down address used.

70. To Lady [?Harriet Hotham] LUBBOCK; no location [1847-1865] Wednesday Even/ Thursday mg. [wmk. 1847]1 ALS; 7 x4.5 1p. B D25.15

Do not worry about missing volume, covered with brown paper, with no title outside; it will turn up some day and will not be needed soon; has received husband's check and will send receipt with microscope, when complete.

Note: 1. Lady Harriet Hothem Lubbock's husband died in 1865; it is unlikely that this letter, with its 1847 watermark, refers to the wife of John Lubbock, first Baron Avebury.

71. To [John Edward] GRAY; no location [ca. 1848 January]1 Saturday night ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. (enclosure wanting) B D25.91

Regarding loan of the cirripede collection of the British Museum to CD. Enclosed request for collection in groups (pedunculated and sessile separate) is sent to Gray for approval; will correct if Gray disapproves; getting specimens in these two lots is best arrangement for CD; could divide sessile into two sub-groups if necessary; has not mentioned duration of loan for fear of being hampered.

Note: 1. See next letter, below, for date.

72. To [John Edward] GRAY; Down (type 3) [1848 February 6] Sunday [end. 8 Feb 1848; wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 6p., end. [8 Feb 1848] (enclosure wanting) B D25.92

Received yesterday Gray's note with "good tidings of the great liberality of the Trustees. Now if I do not make a tolerably good monograph, it will be purely my own fault."; encloses thank-you note for Trustees; is not ready for specimens yet, will not be ready for species part for six weeks; will begin with pedunculated division; will consult Gray on size of first loan; sould appreciate names of as many specimens as possible, although this is troublesome; "Without your assistance I shd break down with the synomony [sic; synonymy]."; has all of Mr. Stutchbury [of Bristol]'s collection, which is partly named after British Museum; thanks for "conduct...most generous & handsome".

73. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 3) [1848 June 16] Friday [end. 1848; pmk. JU 17/ 1848; wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 8p. and env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [(104) Darwin/ Chambers/ paralell/ roads/ 1848] B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 362-63. At beginning of letter is: tells [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell of relief felt by CD and wife over "wonderful escape" of Miss [?Ann] S[?usan] Horner, which CD heard about since seeing Lyell on Wednesday at Council [of Geological Society of London]; "[Leonard] Horner...had a horror of the sea & now it is...justified." p. 362, line 3, missing name is [William] "Buckland". At end of letter is: "If he [Robert Chambers] be, as I believe, the Author of the Vestiges [of the Natural History of Creation] this book [Ancient Sea Margins...] for poverty of intellect is a literary curiosity.-- I have written all this, as I believe it may save you reading the Book; it is to the best of my Belief, an honest account."; shall be in London before Lyell leaves [for Kinnordy]; wishes to visit Lyell then.

74. To [John Edward] GRAY; Down (type 3) [1848 June] 28th [end. June 1848; wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p., end. [June 1848] B D25.93

Will send [some work by Camillo] Ranzani on "Thursday (tomorrow)"; Ranzani work not much use; wants the Conchotrya and Brisnaeus (Brisneus?) [CD's query]; is working at Lithotrya; also wants [Octomeris?] to do when studying [Catophragmus?], especially if there is a specimen "adhering to its support, so that I could get out the dry animal."; apologies for this trouble; "In truth never will a mountain in labour have brought forth such a mouse as my book on the Cirripedia: it is ridiculous the time each species takes me."

75. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) [1848 June] Wednesday [wmk. 1847] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 363-64.

76. To [Henri] MILNE-EDWARDS; Down (type 3) [1848] Sept. 1st [pmk. 2 SP 2/ 1848; wmk. 1847] ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [A Monsieur/ M. Milne Edwards/ Academie Royl. des Sciences/ Paris] B D25.58

Milne-Edwards's kindness at Oxford [?B.A.A.S. meeting, June 1847] induces CD to ask favor; describes work on cirripedes, gives history of project, identifies collections at his disposal (Cuming, British Museum, etc.), describes methods used; will describe animals within shells as well as shells themselves; asks for help in obtaining loan of specimens, esp. "a single specimen of some of the species figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe";1 especially wants genus Alepas; wants the following: Alepas fasciculatus of [Rene Primevere] Lesson; A. parasita of [Jean Rene Constant] Quoy and [Joseph Paul] Gaimard; A. tubulosa do.; Anatifa elongata do. (especially); A. pelagica [Anatife pelagien] do.; A. sessilis do.; A. tricolor do.; A. spinosa do. (especially) (Pollicipes); A. truncata (especially) (Lithotrya); A. sulcata; has found "a good deal new in the Anatomy"; values Milne-Edwards's work on the Crustacea;2 presumes Milne-Edwards does not care about parasite on Balanus, about which CD wrote [on November 18, 1847; see above].

Note: 1. Jules Sébastien César Dumont D'Urville, Voyage de la Corvette l'Astrolabe, 15v. Zoologie, by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard, 4v. (Paris: J. Testu, 1830-1832).
2. Alcide Dessalines D'Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., 9v. Vol. 6, pt. 1: Crustaces, by Henri Milne-Edwards and Hippolyte Lucas (Paris: Strasbourg, 1843).

77. To J[ohn] W[illiam] LUBBOCK; no location (black border)2 [?late 1848]1 Wednesday ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.216

Thanks for permission to use schoolroom; Mr. Nash will come next Wednesday; has not received drawing; tell son that CD wants to hear about microscope, will see him for half hour [see letter to Lady Lubbock, (1847-1865) Wednesday evening/ Thursday morning, above]; ill; thanks for invitation to meet Mr. Adams and for paper on meteors.3

Note: 1. See notes 2 and 3, below, for evidences for this date.
2. CD's father died on November 13, 1848.
3. Lubbock, "On Shooting Stars," Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag., 32 (1848): 81-88 and 170-72, and 35 (1849), 356-57; reprinted in Edinb. new phil. J., 44 (1848), 330-31.

78. To [Charles] LYELL; The Lodge Malvern (black border) [1849 June] Friday [wmk. 1847] ALS; 8 3/4 x7.5 4p. B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 376-77. At end of letter is: delighted that Lyell to write new editions;1 glad to see Lyell's remarks on extermination and "the striking instance of the tree of [John] Bartram";2 returns home on 30th; ill, must remain idle to be fully cured by Dr. [James Manby Gully]; has bought horse for riding; will atend [B.A.A.S. meeting] at Birmingham [in September] if well; grieved to hear of Lyell family illnesses; sent copy of Darwin, Manual of Scientific Inquiry [Freeman 97] (1849), to Geological Society of London for Lyell; will return two of Lyell's pamphlets on same subject "sometime"; wanted to hear [Roderick Impey] Murchison on Jura-blocks;3 regards to [Leonard and Anne Lloyd] Horner; expects large sale for Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849).

Note: 1. Principles of Geology, 8th ed. (London: John Murray, 1850); and Elements of Geology, 3rd ed. (London: John Murray, 1851).
2. See Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849), I, 351.
3. "On the Distribution of the Superficial Detritus of the Alps, as Compared with that of Northern Europe," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1850), 65-69.

79. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) (black border) [1849] July 3d. [wmk. 1848] ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. B D25.L

Printed: More Letters, II, 225 (letter 559). At beginning of letter is: corrections to Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849), as follows: v. 1, p. 349, megatherium only found as far south as 39 degrees by CD and not found at all by [Bartholomew James] Sulivan in southern Patagonia; misplaced or omitted words in second volume concerning diameter of a great equatorial telescope and in first volume concerning oxygen and anthracite; left copy of book by Lyell at Malvern with the Wedgwoods.

80. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) (black border) [1849 September 2] Sunday [wmk. 1847] ALS; 8 3/4 x7.25 8p. B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 122-25 (letter 483). p. 124, line 5, pluralize "volume" and change "like" to "have liked".
Next portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters I, 377-78. At beginning of this portion is: regards to Lyell's wife from CD's wife; CD's wife will attend [B.A.A.S. meeting in] Birmingham; two Darwin children ill. p. 377, line 13, add: "But yet I somehow liked him better than Ld Mahon [i.e. Philip Henry Stanhope]." p. 378, line 15, change "evolving" to "evoking". At end of letter is: regards to [Charles James Fox and Frances Joanna] Bunbury; sorry to hear that Lyell's father is weak.

81. To G. RANSOME; Down (type 3) (black border)1 [?1849]1 Oct. 25th ALS; 7 x4.25 1p. B D25.207

Is happy to promote Ransome's project; put down CD on subscription list for one pound sterling for the portrait of the bishop.

Note: 1. Down variant address used determines endpoints of 1846 and 1855. During this period, two deaths necessitated use of black border, viz. death of CD's father on November 13, 1848, and death of CD's daughter Anne on April 23, 1851. Dimensions and width of black border on this letter match those letters from October, 1849, but not of October, 1851.

82. To [Hugh CUMING]2; Down (type 3) (black border) [?1849 ca. October]1 Saturday Evening [wmk. 1848] ALS; 7 x4.5 4p. B EY83