An Annotated Calendar of the Letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, American Philosophical Society

An Annotated Calendar of the Letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society
1799-1882
(2.5 linear feet)

Part I: Numbers 1-200
B D25

105 South Fifth Street * Philadelphia, PA 19106-3386

Arrangement

Detailed inventory

1. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; [Osmaston, near Derby]

[1828 Sept. 13] Saturday Evening [pmk. Se 14/ 1828]¹

ALS; 9x7.5 4p., add. [(S?) Herbert Esqr/ Post Office/ Barmouth/ N. Wales]

B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters, 172-73. p. 173, line 23, change "Yates" to "Yate". At end of letter is: "How is Buz & Bossy [sic]. am afraid you yourself must be grown terribly bumptious: Direct to Shrewsbury: if there is any thing you want I can send it for you to Barmouth. Such as gloves &c &c &c".

Note: 1. Printed letter has erroneous date of Sept. 14, which was a Sunday.

2. To G [i.e. John Maurice] HERBERT; [pmk. Shrewsbury]

[1828 October 3] Friday [pmk. Oc 4/ 1828; wmk. 1824]

ALS; 9 x7.25 4p., add. [G. Herbert Esqr./ Court Calmore/ Welch Pool]

B D25.H

Obliged for "labours in the science [of entomology]"; saw [?Thomas] Butler who told of Herbert in Wales; Herbert's courage cooled since CD left Barmouth; chiding letter from [Charles Thomas] Whitley, answered humbly by CD, received mere "acknowledgement of my extreme candour" and another charge of idleness; supposes Herbert enjoys Montgomeryshire and delights "all the little dear female hearts"; CD enjoys successful Music Meeting in Derbyshire, also good shooting, "Entomological pursuits", and the "Miss Foxes¹ are very pleasant girls"; Herbert can give CD beetles & butterflies, which Butler says Herbert has, when Herbert is in Shrewsbury; CD "shall go up [?to Cambridge] early," but not by 10th; Butler goes next Tues.; P.S.: Find more beetles; get lady with "strong imagination" to procure beetle with "face so very dreadful"; forgets Herbert's Christian name, christens him "G" [see above].

Note: 1. The Misses Fox were the sisters of William Darwin Fox, CD's second cousin; the Music Meeting was held at the Fox residence. See "Darwin's Journal," 6.

3. To Cha[rle]s WHITLEY; 17 Spring Gardens, London

[1831 September 9] Friday Evening [pmk. 10 SE 1831; wmk. 1830]

ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Chas. Whitley Esqr./ Post Office/ Barmouth/ N. Wales], end.

B D25.210

Printed in facsimile: A Letter of Charles Darwin about Preparations for the Voyage of the Beagle, 1831 (Philadelphia: Friends of the Library, American Philosophical Society, 1971).

4. To J[ohn] M[aurice] HERBERT; Botofogo Bay, Rio de Janero [sic]

1832 June [pmk. (SE?) 30/ 1832; wmk. 1830]

ALS; 11 x8 3/4; 4p., add. [J. M. Herbert Esqr./ Fellow of St. Johns Coll:/ Cambridge; (forwarded to) (W?) Maddy Esqr/ Moreton/ Near Hereford]

B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 238-40. p. 239, line 32, after "contained", insert: "Tell [Charles Thomas] Whitley that I find my life on blue water...very pleasant,...an excellent time for reading; so quiet & comfortable, that you are not tempted to be idle." p. 240, line 2, after "reason...", insert: A short or stupid letter would end correspondence between some, "but old gentleman, you might as well try to cut your tailor as me"; letter from Herbert brings to CD "a thousand pleasant thoughts"; CD can picture Herbert "in the two extreme cases, of the dead March to Dolgelley & the bogtrotting Match with [?William] Selwyn." At end of letter is: P.S. "I have directed to you in a curious manner for fear of mistakes."

5. To J[ohn] M[aurice] HERBERT; Maldonado, Rio Plata

1833 June 2d. [pmk. Oc 2/ 1833; wmk. 1828]

ALS; 9 3/4 x7 3/4; 4p., add. [J. M. Herbert Esqr/ Fellow of St John's Coll:/ Cambridge; (forwarded to) Lower Garthmyl/ Welshpool]

B D25.H

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 246-48. At end of letter is: please write again and remember CD to friends, including [Charles Thomas] Whitley; "Read [Francis Bond] Head's gallop¹ if you want an accurate account of this country." On first page of letter, written sideways, is: Has Herbert heard from F[?rederick] Watkins, [Jonathan Henry Lovett] Cameron or Matthews[?]; CD wrote to former many months ago, but no answer; address in future to be Valparaiso. On second and third pages of letter, written sideways, and perhaps not in CD's hand, is: "I have just met with the following quotation in the `Sacred History of the World' taken from the Hereford!! Journal, November 1824.² `Carnations have been engrafted on Fennel & for the first two or three years the flowers will be green: Likewise Peaches on a Mulberry, in which case the fruit will have a purple dye to the stone.' Were you the original & ingenious experimentalist? I think I have heard you argue that White Lies do no harm.-- Here are green Carnations & purple Peaches brought foreward [sic] to show the beneficence of Providence.-- When such evidence is proved false who will not become a Sceptic.-- Reflect--, if the author, what awful consequences may have been produced.--"

Note: 1. Sir Francis Bond Head, Rough Notes Taken during Some Rapid Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes (London: n.p., 1826).
2. See: Sharon Turner, The Sacred History of the World, as Displayed in the Creation and Subsequent Events to the Deluge..., 3v. (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1832-1837), I, 111 and 111n; letter from "Ethelbert" in Hereford Journal..., November 24, 1824; and Richard Bradley, A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening..., 2v. (London: T. Woodward and J. Peale, 1726), II, 301. F. A. Milligan, Sydney Smith, and David Wilson have assisted me with this information.

6. To Lieut[enant Charles] WILKES; 43 Grt. Marlborough St

[1836 October-November]¹ Monday [wmk. 1832]

ALS; 7.5 x4.5 1p. and add. [Lieut: Wilkes/ Long's/ Bond Street.--]

B D25.192

Is going into country for few weeks on Thursday; wishes to converse concerning Wilkes's "long...voyage"; unless Wilkes writes to contrary, CD "will call at Long's on Wednesday" between noon and 1 p.m.

Note: 1. CD did not return from the voyage of the Beagle until October 2, 1836 ("Darwin's Journal," 7). Wilkes was only in England from August to November, 1836 (Doris Esch Borthwick, "Outfitting the United States Exploring Expedition: Lieutenant Charles Wilkes' European Assignment, August-November, 1836," Proc. Am. phil. Soc., 109 [1965]: 159-72). The Great Marlborough Street address given by CD is that of his brother's flat, at which CD visited and roomed occasionally until leaving Cambridge and taking his own rooms at number 36 down the street on March 13, 1837 (Life and Letters I, 277; Darwin and Henslow, 118 and 118n).

7. To the Master & Fellows [of] Caius College; no location

[ca. 1836-1837]¹ Monday Evening

AL in third person; 4.5 x3 3/4; 1p. and add. [The Master & Fellows/ Caius College]

B P212

"Mr Darwin presents his compliments to the Master & Fellows of Caius Coll. and is extremely sorry he is prevented by a previous engagement the honor [sic] of dining with them on Thursday.--"

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. The handwriting of this note appears to be in the hand of the young Darwin, and since this note shows no sign of being mailed--indeed seems to have been hand-delivered--it seems reasonable to conclude that CD was in Cambridge at the time it was written. This occurred in late 1836 and early 1837, right after CD returned to England from the Beagle voyage.

8. To Mr. [?Frederick or William] SHOBERL; [36 Great Marlborough St.]

[1837 late September]

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p., add. [Mr Shoberl/ Marlborough Sqr] (partially mutilated)

B D25.80

Obliged for document which CD "had full right to demand", even if unnecessary; sorry for inconvenience; will send completed MS. with woodcuts before night; will write to printer about "where to send the slips"; [Henry] Colburn will see revise corrected; shall go to Shrewsbury on Monday; gives printing details; thanks Shoberl and Colburn for aid on "this my first publication."¹

Note: 1. CD's "first publication" was his Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), the only Darwin work published by Colburn. Date for this letter derives from date CD finished the MS. of this work and when he left for Shrewsbury, shortly thereafter; see "Darwin's Journal," 7-8.

9. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location

[1837 December (?19); end. Decr. 1837; pmk. DE 20/ 1837]

ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St.], end. [(105) Mr. Darwin on Coral islands thinly scattered over what area--Decr. 1837]

B D25.L

Does not know latitude limits of true coral islands in Pacific, but Bermuda an exception to general rule; discusses and describes coral islands and archipelagoes; "People's ideas of the Pacific are most false."; describes and sketches the "Corallian Sea" proposed by [Matthew] Flinders; thanks for books, but cannot read them for nearly a week, since still reading [Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce] E[lie] de B[eaumont]; P.S. Tuesday night, longitudinal boundaries of Pacific coral cannot be given satisfactorily, since Dangerous or Low Archipelago and Corallian Sea are separated by "great volcanic band".

10. To [Charles] LYELL; 36 Grt. Marlbro' St.

[1838] Aug. 9th. [end. 9 August 1838]

ALS; 9 x7.5 11p. and end. [(1) Mr Darwin on Elements & Glen Roy/ 9 August 1838]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and omissions: Life and Letters I, 291-95. p. 292, line 14, change "...." to "[John] Phillips will not surely go on saying that the metamorphic schists are disintegrated granite re-deposited."; p. 292, line 16, change "-----" to "Phillips"; p. 292, line 28, insert: CD visited Wednesday night, two days after Lyell left, thinking Lyell would come to London after Crag expedition; almost wrote from Shrewsbury; p. 294, line 19, change "-----'s" to "[Rev. Frederick William] Hope's"; p. 295, line 5, change "-----" to "Jones"; p. 295, line 13, insert: CD wants daytime barometer readings made at Leith on July 5, published by Brewster; also wants altitude of Lochs Tay, Dochart, Tyndrum, and Tulla;¹ p. 295, insert: "P.S. I have seen [Robert] Fitzroy, who has bought your book.² He looked rather black at the preface...but then came smooth again. I never cease wondering at his character,...full of good...traits but spoiled by such an unlucky temper.-- Some part of... his brain wants mending...."

Note: 1. Lyell apparently complied; see Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839), 54.
2. Lyell, Elements of Geology (London: John Murray, 1838). The preface declares that the publication of Darwin's Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839) has been delayed, "to the great regret of the scientific world," by the failure of Fitz Roy to complete the companion volumes to it.

11. To Charles LYELL; no location

[1838] September 13th Friday Night [end. 1838; pmk. SP15/ 1833]

ALS; 12 3/4 x8; 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr Junr./ Kinnordy/ Kerrimuir/ North Britain], end. [Darwin 1838 on tortuosity of parallel bands of Elevation & subsidence--/ (2)]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 295-98. p. 296, line 2, insert: discussion concerning "unfortunate letter" of Governor [Henry] Prescott, a lost letter of CD, an "official document", an apparently abused frank from Lord [Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton] Northampton, and a proposal to the Council of the Royal Society of London; p. 296, line 4, after "begin about.", insert: thanks for holiday invitation, but CD pledged to visit uncle and home for fortnight at end of October,¹ and "till then I must not give myself even a days holidays."; p. 297, line 22, change "block" to "Polar"; p. 297, line 24, insert: "Sir D[avid?] B[rewster?]...communicated some information so useful, that I have written to him again."; gives details on "Winters Bark", parrots, geographical distribution in South America and in Falkland Islands, Port Famine; sent Lyell's letter to "Dr. Richardson at Portsmouth"; unhappy that Lyell says he will be away until end of November, hopes "something will bring you back before then."; p. 298, line 4, insert derogatory remarks about Babbage and his calculator; p. 298, line 6, insert: regarding marsupials, CD saw only abstract of [Henry Marie Ducrotay de] Blainville's paper;² [Richard] Owen a better authority than Blainville, who is superficial;
Owen says internal process in Stonesfield Jaws is confined to marsupial mammals³ and "talks of [Ornithorhynchus, the duckbill] leading off into the reptiles...[therefore] some reptiles formerly might have appreached nearer to the Mammalian type, than...existing ones now do."; Elements [of Geology, Lyell's new book] must be selling well, requires "hard reading" and thus does not shirk its subject, as do two of [John Frederick William] Herschel's treatises; [Edward] Charlesworth is annoyed because Lyell did not quote him more; Charlesworth is to be pitied for many reasons; Zoological Society is giving up Associate Secretary's place; [John] Gould's case of Water-wagtails does not hold.

Note: 1. CD became engaged during this "pledged" holiday; see "Darwin's Journal," 8.
2. Probably either "Doutes sur le Prétendu Didelphe Fossile de Stonesfield," C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 7 (1838), 402-18, or "Nouveaux Doutes sur le Prétendu Didelphis de Stonesfield," ibid., 727-36 and 749-51.
3. See Richard Owen, "Observations on the Fossils Representing the Thylacotherium Prevostii, Valenciennes,..." Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1842), 47-65; for fuller account, see idem, A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (London: John Van Voorst, 1846), 29-57.

12. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; Shrewsbury

[1838 November] 13th [i.e. 12th] Monday [end. Novr. 1838; pmk. NO 13/ 1838; wmk. 1834]

ALS; 9 x7.25 3p. and add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury], end. [Mr Darwin/ Novr. 1838]

B D25.L1

Printed in full, with minor changes: Emma Darwin, I, 413-14.

13. To The Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, [Franklin BACHE]; Geological Society of London/ Somerset House

1838 Decr. 20th [end. March 1, 1839, wmk. 1836]

Printed L, filled in in ms. (not CD's hand), S by CD; 15 x9; 1p. and add. [The Secretary of the American Philosophical Society], end. [A.P.S.] Stated Meeting/ March 1, 1839, Read]

A.P.S. ARCHIVES

Routine thanks for Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1, numbers 1 through 3; signed by CD as Secretary of the Geological Society of London.

14. To [Richard] OWEN; no location

[1838]¹

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p.

B D25.201

"I leave you the remaining proofs of yr. descript[ion] of Toxodon and a revise of first part²...read quickly over my part. I hope there are no errata left....inform me whether you will want a second revise of your first part....I have made...remarks hap-hazard.... Have you looked at [Alcide Dessalines] D'Orbigny's travels?³ If not,...you misunderstood...what I mentioned...[so] I have written it [correctly] below...."; P.S. sends duplicate proof for Owen to keep.

Note: 1. The Toxodon portion of the first part of the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle was published in early 1838. See: "Darwin's Journal," 8; and Freeman, p. 12.
2. See "Toxodon Platensis" in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. I: Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen ([1838]-1843), 16-35.
3. Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., 9v. (Paris: Strasbourg, 1835-47).

15. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location

[1839 January; end. Jan. 1839]

ALS; 7.5 x4.5 7p. and add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St.], end. [1a./ Darwin Jan. 1839/ Glen Roy]

B D25

Sends Glen Roy paper,¹ which is legible but "ugly from my corrections"; hopes it will not be shortened, as "there is scarcely a sentence, that I have not considered whether I could strike it out, without injuring the...argument"; Lyell may keep paper to read if desired; returns books; last letter of Mr Blackadder [of Glamis] not worth mentioning; made note of information about decaying shells; regrets not having seen "Mr [Charles] Maclaren's capital chapters on alluvium" before writing the appendix, as he upsets CD's "argument of...fixed position of the boulders when drifted, but...confirms...origin of the scratches & grooves."; Maclaren's remarks on boulder positions erroneous, based on "misapprehension, that icebergs drop their cargoes out at sea", which CD's appendix claims is the exception to the rule; ought to have map and will soon have drawing to publish with Glen Roy paper; wishes to discuss "small amount of Alluvial action in Lochaber: occurring since "the sea retired.-- No one point interested me more...."

Note: 1. Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839), 39-81. Published version has map and drawing; note on decaying shells is on pp. 63-64.

16. To The Secretary of the American Philos[ophical] Soc[iety], [Franklin BACHE]; Geological Society of London, Somerset House

1839 May 23rd

Printed L, filled in in ms. (not in CD's hand), S by CD; 11.5 x9.25 1p.

A.P.S. ARCHIVES

Routine thanks for Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1, number 6; signed by CD as Secretary of the Geological Society of London

17. To Tho[ma]s [Campbell] EYTON; 12 Upper Gower St

[1839 November 30] Saturday Evening [pmk. NO 30/ 1839]

ALS; 9.25 x7.5 4p., add. [Thos. Eyton Esqr/ Donnerville House/ Wellington/ Shropshire]

B EY83

Thanks for agreeing to examine birds mentioned;¹ birds will go to railroad this evening; they are as follows; 388 [and] 707, Tinochorus -----?, habits described in Journal of Researches, p. 110; 630, Synallaxis maluroides, "is it in structure a Certhia?"; 650, Serpophaga albocorunata Gould, a genus allied to Tyrannula; 721, Furnarius cunicularius, habits described as those of Casarita in Journal of Researches, p. 112; 722, Opetiorhynchus vulgaris; 728, Uppucerthia, interesting to dissect this and two previous, as they are altogether unlike European forms; 1037, Pteroptochos albicollis; 1043, Phytotoma rara, "a most curious finch"; 1050, Trochilus gigas, habits in Journal of Researches, p. 331, [Edward] Blyth has notion about humming birds having unique internal structure²; 1157, Pteroptochos Tarnii Gray, habits of this and P. albicollis, above, in Journal of Researches, pp. 329 and 352, worthy of close examination; 1309, common North American rice bird [Dolichonyx oryzivorus, the bobolink]; and two birds without tickets, believed to be Opetiorhynci; read on habits before examining; send account of these specimens in month or five weeks; publication date of next number of "Bird Part" of Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle is uncertain; thanks for offer of Gallinaceous birds for dissection.

Note: 1. See Eyton, "Appendix," in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould ([1838]-1843), 147-56. For CD's description of the habits of these birds, see Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), pages as indicated above.
2. Blyth, "Outlines of a New Arrangement of Insessorial Birds," Mag. nat. Hist., 2 (1838), 256-68 and 314-19, esp. 258 and 262.

18. To [the publishing firm, Henry Colburn]; 12 Upper Gower St

[1839] Thursday [?end. 1839]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p., end.? [1839]¹

B D25.64

Capt. [Robert] FitzRoy thinks it desirable and does not object "to my appending an advertisement of the works, connected with the Beagle's Voyage," to the Journal of Researches; ask [Henry] Colburn for approval; thanks for yesterday's note, but CD plans to "append a fly page [giving]...notice of my works, to be bound up at end or beginning of the volume.-- I believe there are sufficient [notices] now printed...at Mr Smith, Elder..."; how late can CD send these "so as not to delay the binding...."

Note: 1. A date of "1839" is written at the head of the first page of the letter in ink similar to that used by CD, but it does not appear to be in CD's hand. Even if added later and not an endorsement by the recipient, this year appears correct, as the letter discusses Darwin's Journal of Researches [Freeman 4] (1839), the only Darwin work published by Colburn.

19. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; Maer Hall/ Newcastle Stafford

[1839-1842]¹ [wmk. 1839]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 3p.

B D25.H

Please send note, giving "date &c &c of the event"; Herbert could tell CD nothing when they last met; "We shall remain in the country (at Shrewsbury & here) for some weeks longer."; CD recovering slowly, but not yet well enough for work; "...good wishes & renewed congratulations...."

Note: 1. Darwin visited first Maer, then Shrewsbury, for "some weeks" during 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1844. Given the watermark of this letter, and CD's unwellness during the visit, I am inclined toward the earlier of these years, and have thus eliminated 1844. To fix the exact year, one would have to identify and date Herbert's "event", probably either his marriage or his ordination. "Darwin's Journal," 9-11.

20. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; 12 Upper Gower St

[1840 January 6]¹ Monday

AL, S by init.; 7 x4.5 4p.

B EY83

Ill, headache daily for week; delighted at Eyton's progress,² finds results curious; thanks for undertaking task; "I cannot say when the next (& last) number of Birds will appear", perhaps March 1 or two or three months later; appreciates Eyton's offer to produce engravings of specimens, but "I am anxious to spend the government grant in the best way for science, &...I have already given...too much...to the birds & Mammalia"; Eyton must decide with this in mind; Eyton may keep specimens or give them to College of Surgeons; CD has "become a Father... [as of] last Friday week: it is a little Prince"

Note: 1. CD's first child was William Erasmus Darwin, born December 27, 1839, a Friday; see "Darwin's Journal," 9.
2. See letter to Eyton dated November 30, 1839, calendared above. The last number of the birds part of Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle ([1838]-1843) was published in March 1841; it included Eyton's appendix, sans engravings. See: Freeman, p. 13; and Eyton, "Appendix," in Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould ([1838]-1843), 147-56.

21. To Cha[rle]s LYELL; no location

[1840 February (19?)] Wednesday morn. [end. Feb. 1840; pmk. FE (19?)/ 1840; wmk. 1839]

AL, S by init.; 7 3/4 x5; 6p. and env., add. [Chas. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury], end. [Mr Darwin Feb. 1840/ Coral reefs in open area/ no deeper than 20 fathoms (106)]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes. Life and Letters I, 301. line, 14, change "toughish" to "longish". At end of letter is: the following new points will appear in Darwin, Coral Reefs; CD's belief that coral reefs at greater depths than 20 fathoms in open oceans do not exist (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 558) contradicts [Christian Gottfried] Ehrenberg's claim of Red Sea coral beds at 25 fathoms; still, CD's argument that there must have been subsidence in large areas scattered with reefs, originally based on point about coral only at shallow depths, stands anyhow, since areas in which every island is low and formed of coral are immense; CD will use modified system of classifying reefs, namely, lagoon islands or atolls, " `encircling reefs' ", fringing reefs, and irregular reefs; modification of conclusion (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 567) "will chiefly consist in speaking rather less positively & using the words `alternate areas' more frequently than `parallel bands' "; will not discuss distribution of organic forms in Pacific (see Journal of Researches [Freeman 4], p. 568); will come on Saturday, if well.

22. To [John] PHILLIPS; no location

[ca. 1840] [end. Nov. 40; wmk. 1838]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 1p. and add. [Prof. Phillips/ St. Mary's Lodge/ York], end. [Darwin/ Nov. 40]

B D25.123 no. 7

Encloses copy of paper on earthquakes;¹ has grown older and wiser since he wrote it, so sets "less value on theoretical reasoning in geology"; still thinks there is weight in argument respecting "the necessary slow elevation of mountain chains, which have protuberant axis of Plutonic rock"; welcomes Phillips's comments.

Note: 1. Perhaps the manuscript of Darwin, "Observations of Proofs of Recent Elevation on the Coast of Chili [sic],..." Proc. geol. Soc., 2 (1848): 446-49.

23. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1841 March 9;?end. 9th March 1841; wmk. 1839]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p.,?end. [9th March 1841]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 173-74 (letter 517). p. 173, line 2, add: "Your objection to objection against upheaval, in favour of glaciers (as explaining Glen Roy) about elevation (you will understand what I mean) is quite new to me and seems very sound."

24. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury

[1841 July] 6th Tuesday [end. june 1841; pmk. JY 6/ 1841]

ALS; 9 x7.5 7p. and add. [Charles Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury Sqre/ London], end. [Mr Darwin on Coral Islands/ Belizes & Honduras; (107) Darwin June 1841/ Coral reefs at Belize/ & Africa covered by mud]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 193-94 (letter 532). p. 194, line 20, add: discusses neutral tint for uncertain reefs [on CD's plate 3 in Coral Reefs]; concerning Red Sea, if [Christian Gottfried] Ehrenberg is correct, then Captain [Sir Fairfax] Moresby's accounts and charts indicate that "the true reefs...are more fringes to singularly formed land";¹ Ehrenberg, Moresby, and others will all agree if one assumes "that ancient barrier & encircling reefs, formed by subsidence, have... been uplifted &...worn down...& are now...fringed by...reefs"; this view too hypothetical for publication by CD; West Indies reefs are also obscure; "the symmetry of reefs seems greatly disturbed every where except in open ocean, or near open ordinary coast-lines". At end of letter is: Bermuda is similar to Bahamas--formed by elevation of ordinary land, with windward edges solidified by growth of some coral; health better, but will ail for years, and since " `race is for the strong' ", CD "must be content to admire the strides others make in Science.... I shall just crawl on with my S[outh] American work & be as easy as I can."; probably will return on 15 or 16, wants to see Lyell before he departs [to America].

Note: 1. See also letter from Darwin to Lyell, February (19?), 1840, above. Ehrenberg's account is probably his Ueber die Natur und Bildung der Coralleninseln und Corrallenbänke in Rothen Meere (Berlin: n.p., 1834).

25. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1841] Friday

ALS; 8 x6.5 8p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 148-50 (letter 499). p. 150, line 2, add: "I wish you had in your mind's eye the quantity of solid rock removed on this beach."

26. To C[harles] LYELL; no location

[1841; wmk. 1839]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr], end. [Vide p. 268 Agassiz/ on perched rocks of the Alps/ in contradistinction to those of Jura??]

B D25.L

Gives dimensions and elevation of Chiloe Island and relationship to Cordillera; gives composition and geology of Chiloe; "In mentioning blocks on Chiloe put granite first, because I know more certainly that syenite came from Cordillera...."; blocks are strewed on shores of islets and in narrow creeks on coast, where there must have been channels, which after elevation correspond with those of [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz in valleys of Jura; see forthcoming paper;¹ no fossils with boulder formations, but on them; doubts "perched rocks" on Jura; perched rocks, if on pinnacles, would be "fearful argument for Agassiz's sheet of ice."; Agassiz seems to consider angularity of Jura fragments a difficulty on ordinary moraine or glacier action; make no changes in published explanations, even though "your view is very probable"; "my talk with R[obert] Brown after that with you has knocked me up...."; [crossed out] "I have brought my mind to neglect all negative evidence, especially absence of shells-- Who would have anticipated [Sir Roderick Impey] Murchison's few shells in center of England."

Note: 1. Darwin, "On the Distribution of the Erratic Boulders and on the Contemporaneous Unstratified Deposits of South America," Proc. geol. Soc. Lond., 3 (1838-1842), 425-30; and Trans. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1842), 415-32.

27. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1841]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Cannot help regarding subsidence; did Jura have present form when terrestrial animals were embedded?; if not, subsidence may have been small; all areas (forests, mountainsides, and sea-channels) need not have been cold when ice floated; "I don't look at bridge of ice, (or the subsidence, or the absence of shells, for I think I out-Lyell Lyell)" as difficulty; glacier expert [Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz] is best evidence, says that Jura erratics "are totally distinct" from those in Alpine valleys; idea of sea of ice carrying rocks in all directions from a small central point is "monstrous"; hopes there are no perched rocks on Jura; did Agassiz find caldron under existing Alpine glaciers?; caldrons are "most inexplicable part of case under every hypothesis"; agrees regarding the arguing of both sides of issue; can give no reasons for supposing Pentlands to be dry shortly before "elevation during ice time."

28. To C[harles] LYELL; [Bromley (from pmk.)]

[1842 October 5-7; end. Octr. 7. 1842; pmk. OC 7/ 1842]

ALS; 8 x5; 10p. (first leaf missing) and fragment of env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr./ Kinnordy/ Kerriemuir/ N. Britain], end. [(illegible number--PTC)/ Mr Darwin on/ Corals./ Octr. 7. 1842.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 150-51 (letter 500). Before printed portion, add: Suspects some West Indian and Indian corals are same species; "But corals alter their habit so greatly according to where they grow, that the subject, will, I fear, for a long time be involved in great obscurity."; mentions genus Millepora; Crescent Island in Low Archipelago; difficulty of dead reefs not great; such exist, especially in Chagos group, according to Capt. [Sir Fairfax] Moresby; would admit difficulty if reefs as plentiful in tropical seas as vegetation on tropical land; perhaps an increase of small crustaceae in sea or actiniae on shore robs a reef of food, thereby killing it; "...as we see that the presence of reefs is not universal, we ought to expect to find that those same causes, which determine their absence ab origine in some place[s], should have destroyed them in others--"; reefs perish first to leeward side of island; goes to [Geological Society of London] Council meeting tomorrow; Friday morning [October 7] has returned from 2.5-hour meeting; discussed candidates for position of curator and librarian; [?William Charles Linnaeus] Martin of Zoological Society judged best; discussed [Edward] Charlesworth's accusations of unfairness against his candidature, considered but rejected a plan to deny his accusations publicly; Charlesworth challenged [Rev. William] Buckland, Lyell, and [Sir Richard] Owen to argue the "whole old question [of the Crag controversy] before the meeting!"; "...it is not the wise who rule the unwise in this world, but the active rule the inactive and verily Charlesworth is...active....";¹ second part of sixth volume of Trans. geol. Soc. Lond. was approved; last Friday, had long talk with [William] Lonsdale, who was cheerful for first time in his life because of [Wollaston Fund] gift, which he will use on coral work--"a noble return" on the gift. p. 151, line 9, change "the sheep" to "two sheep". At end of letter is: excuse length of letter; CD's wife, baby [Mary Eleanor Darwin] "going on fairly well" following birth, son William stronger [?after illness].

Note: 1. For more on the topics discussed at this Council meeting, see Horace B. Woodward, The History of the Geological Society of London (London: Geological Society, 1907), 148. On Charlesworth's challenge concerning the Crag question, see Lyell: The Years to 1841, chapter 14, passim.

29. To [William Hallowes] MILLER; Down (type 1)

[ca. 1842] Sunday [wmk. 1840]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.156

After two-three year interval, is preparing geological notes;¹ some blanks in MS where description of mineral specimens, sent to Miller, should be; has searched specimens returned by Miller and cannot find these; first missing specimen, according to notebook, is " `378 (yellow) a prism of 79.5, not yet ascertained'...in which the cells are half filled up horizontally"; since not yet ascertained, CD presumes Miller has it; other missing specimens, "240 & 246 (white)", were deposited with Miller, are "what [Adam] Sedgwick would...call `beastly rocks' ", and "form an entire island, though...a small one"; reply soon; has been ill; "I have left London & bought this place [Down House] & I find the change very agreeable."; those interested in welfare of Geological Society of London should attend special general meeting on December 3.

Note: 1. This appears to refer to the manuscript of Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844); according to "Darwin's Journal", 10, CD began to revise Syms Covington's manuscript for this book on October 14, 1842, which is the reason for the date for this letter as given above.

30. To [Charles LYELL]; no location

[1842]

AL, S by init.; 8 x6.5 5p.

B D25L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 195-197 (letter 533). p. 196, line 31, questionable word is definitely "thickness", and italicize and underline "may".

31. To [?William Jackson] HOOKER; Down House/ Orpington Kent

1843 June 25

L or copy of L; 8 3/4 x6 3/4; 1p.

B D25.29

Thanks for information; has sent notes on Volcanic Islands,¹ which please return after reading so CD can rewrite and correct them; has been very busy "since I came here [Down House]"; suits him at new place; is determined "to show the people the gift of mankind in regards penmanship of an unusual kind...."

Note: 1. Undoubtedly the MS of Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844).

32. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1843 September] Friday [end. Sept. 1843; wmk. 1841]

ALS; 7 x4.5 (black border); 8p., end. [(6) Darwin on Kemp/ Sept. 1843/ germinatn of fossil seeds]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 244 (letter 577). At beginning of letter is: does not know if Lyell is still in Kinnordy; has not been to London for awhile because of wife's advanced pregnancy; at British Association meeting [in Cork the preceding August], geological department was poor, but zoological better than usual; has had "sanguine letters from [George Robert] Waterhouse", who was grateful for Lyell's aid; if Waterhouse is hired, he will "enjoy his seven shillings a day from the British Museum, as much as most men would ten times the sum..."; "forlorn" letter from [William] Lonsdale, concerning "very fine series of Touraine corals"; [Edward] Forbes lent Lonsdale his recent Mediterranean species; Lonsdale's only identification as yet with recent species is with "a curious, undescribed Escharina from Dartmouth harbour!" line 15, change "a vivification" to "the revivification". line 22, add: began working a MS in October, has "cut away & shortened at a good rate"; two years ago, thought MS was fit for publication; Lonsdale will describe "corallines from a (mountain limestone?) series from Van Dieman's Land". At end of letter is: greetings to Lyell family.

33. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 1)

[1843 December 16] Saturday [end. Decr. 1843; pmk. DE 16/ 1843; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury Square/ London], end. [Darwin 99a/ Tosca or Pampean mud/ not diluvium. Sections/ of it--/ Decr. 1843.], sketches

B D25.L

Has consulted notes, finds "that the proposition that the Tosca was a diluvial mud is monstrous", since it "is distinctly stratified in some parts"; Tosca "not the last deposit"; gives illustrations, with sketches of sections, from Uruguay River and Banda Oriental; "there appears to be an older & newer tosca"; upper tosca, with exceptions, is similar "over wide spaces"; implies a disagreement over this point with [Alcide Dessalines] D'Orbigny, gives example of Rio Negro to illustrate D'Orbigny's error; finds "that the comglomerate of pumice in sandstone in the Patagonian Tertiary is apocryphal."

34. To?; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]¹ March 26th

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.115

Returns Greenland Catalogue with thanks; is ashamed to have forgotten to return it sooner.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

35. To [Henry DENNY]²; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]¹ June 3d

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.73

Thanks for note; corr. is "at perfect liberty to mention Mr. Martial's story";³ Martial was a ship's surgeon, but worthless and slightly educated; "perhaps, however, in some respects his story is less likely from this cause to have been invented.-- I myself do not think our supposed knowledge of having come from one stock ought to enter into any scientific reasoning"; Eastern and Western Europeans have different species of intestinal worms; cannot now search for specimens, but will do so later if requested; Pediculi perish on wild animals during passage to England, and a slight fever or broken wrist with no fever can cause evacuation of intestinal worms, which shows that slight changes in constitution affect parasites.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.
2. Written on original letter by CD's son was Denny's name.
3. See Darwin, Descent of Man (1871), I, 219.

36. To?; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1843-1846 or 1855-1861]¹ Sept 22

ANS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.22

Sends short and interesting addition to be tacked on to end of [?Thomas Henry] Farrer's paper, if corr. prints it.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

37. To [Henry DENNY]; Down (type 1)

[?1844]¹ Jan. 20th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p.

B D25.72

Would like to help Denny; collected some lice, but part of collection was lost and CD has been prevented from going over his zoological collection by ill health and desire to finish geological works; will go over collection soon and will then save lice for Denny; [George Robert] Waterhouse can help identify CD's ticketed specimens for Denny.

Note: 1. CD sorted his collections in mid-1844, after finishing his Volcanic Islands (1844); see "Darwin's Journal," 10-11.

38. To [Leonard] HORNER; Down (type 1)

1844 Aug 29th [end. 29 Aug 44; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 7p. and end. [C. Darwin/ 29 Aug 44]

B D25.L1

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 115-17 (letter 480). p. 116, line 15, questionable word is definitely "relieved". p. 116, line 25, change "unfilled" to "upfilled". At end of letter is: Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] will give instructions for travel to Down.

39. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 1)

[1844 September] Sunday [end. Sept. 1844; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 7p. and fragment of env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St/ Bloomsbury Square/ London], end. [Sept. 1844/ Darwin/ Patagonia/ rising gragually--/ Mastodon/ D'Orbigny/ sudden upthrust of/ Patagonia controverted], sketch

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 117-20 (letter 481). p. 119, line 22, change "Pampas [debacle?]" to "Pampaean debacle [i.e. Pompeian earthquake]". p. 120, line 17, add: regards to Lyell's wife and had hoped to have seen Horners at Down.

40. To?; Down (type 1)

[?1845] Jan 26th [wmk. 1844]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 6p.

B D25.126

Ill; extract, sent by corr., is fullest account CD has seen, refers to island called Pouynipete or Seniavane [i.e. Seniavine or Senyavin]; this is same island as is mentioned in Darwin, Coral Reefs (1842), pp. 127 and 168; describes how he can claim this; description sent by corr. apparently refers to a high island, a significant fact for CD, but "Every one knows how greedily a theorist pounces on a fact, highly favourable to his views," thus CD wished to believe in this fact; nevertheless, CD skeptical of it; writer spoke of granite blocks, but CD thinks island is volcanic; moreover, CD "heard (perhaps...unjustly) very indifferent accounts of Dr. Lloghtsky's moral character; agrees that the case is neither fully established in fact nor fully fabricated; "I have very little doubt that hereafter, the existence of former wide tracts of land, since buried in the ocean by subsidence, will turn out the chief means of the migrations & passage of animals, plants & man, from one part of the world to another", gives examples to demonstrate this; apologies for length of letter, thanks for prompt answer, compliments to "Miss Smith".

41. To E[dward] W[illiam] BRAYLEY; Down, Kent

1845 Feb. 7th [wmk. 1844]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p. and add. [E. W. Brayley Esqr]

B D25.253

Letter of recommendation. Brayley apparently applying for a lectureship in geology; praises Brayley's "remarkable powers in acquiring scientific knowledge of varied kinds, &...your extensive reading."

42. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1845 February 8] Saturday [end. 1845; pmk. FE 8/ 1845; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 16 Hart St./ Bloomsbury Sqr/ London], end. [Darwin (9) 1845/ Dorbigny on S. Amer/ican shells common] to Europe, Silur-/ian & Cretaceous/ 1st. & 2d. p. of letter]

B D25.L

[Alcide Dessalines] d'Orbigny describes ten Silurian fossils from eastern Bolivian Cordillera as similar to European species, does same for seven Devonian fossils and 23 Carboniferous fossils, although two of the latter, viz. Natica antisinensis [i.e. antisiensis] & Spirifer Roissyi, are not new species; five of the cretaceous fossils, says D'Orbigny, are common to Paris Basin;¹ forgot, when with Lyell on Thursday, to ask Lyell to speak again to [John] Murray about CD's Journal of Researches [Freeman 7 or 8] (1845); since their meeting, saw [Hugh] Cuming about South American fossils and "their range with respect to my Tertiary species"; only series Cuming has not examined and wishes to examine are about 90 shells from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; wishes to have this done for several reasons; discusses arrangements to do so; "I fear you will think this so much trouble, that you will wish I had never given you my collection."

Note: 1. Letter explicitly refers to Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., v.3, pt. 3: Geologie (Paris: Strasbourg, 1842), 226, 230 [sic; should be 233], and 239.

43. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1845 July] Saturday [wmk. 1845]

ALS; 10 x8; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters I, 337-39. p. 338, line 16, change "the first" to "this first". p. 338, last line, add: remembrances to Lyell's wife; CD's wife remains "wearismme". At end of letter is: remembrances to Lyell family at Kinnordy.

44. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1845 August 2] (Saturday) [end. 1845 and in another place Augt. 1. 1845; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 10 x8; 9p. and end. [(4) 1845/ C. Darwin/ Criticisms on/ Lyells Travels in/ U.S &c/ (4)] and [Darwin/ Augt. 1. 1845]

B D25.L

Printed: Life and Letters I, 339-41. At end of letter is: remarks on eight particular passages in Lyell's new book,¹ as follows: v. 1, p. 81, on resemblance of corals, shells, & insects and on analogy of Arctic and Antarctic fauna; v. 1, p. 138, on extinct species of Fulgur and Gnathodon; v. 1, p. 150, on breathing as source of carbonic acid; v. 1, p. 181, on means of water-erosion on seam of carbon; v. 2, p. 37, on Fuegians using a hollowed tree; v. 2, p. 54, on wood or fruits floating on sea; v. 2, p. 65, on buffaloes killed while rushing to drink; v. 2, p. 189, on parallels between present Arctic and Lyell's Carboniferous floras, in terms of extent of distribution; "Might you not...bring more prominently forward the absurdity of arguing from one quarter of the globe, without knowing what was going on in other parts...."; CD's wife and baby [George Howard Darwin] are well; further family details; "P.S. Have you any of my volumes of Lamarck??"

Note: 1. Lyell, Travels in North America..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1845).

45. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1845] Aug. 25th.-- [wmk. 1842]

AL (incomplete); 10 x8; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 341-42. p. 341, line 3, add: "Please read this before you go" to America on September 4; concerning radiation of snow, CD opposes "the colour-doctrine.-- I find from [?John] Leslie (in [Andrew] Ure¹), the radiating...power of Lamp-black being called 100, and gold, silver, copper being 12; Writing paper is 98, plumbago 75 and ice is 85. From [William Charles] Wells,² it appears, that when swan-down...exposed to open sky falls 16°; grass falls 15°; & snow falls between 12° & 13°: gravel & flag-stone...are inferior to grass, but how much is not said."; Dr. [Patrick] Wilson gives similar data; concludes that snow-covered land "radiates its heat, but little less than the most favourable land." p. 342, line 12, add: multiple and single creations probably discussed in latest Kosmos, since H. [?Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt] discussed this with [Joseph Dalton] Hooker "& Humbolt [sic] is a multiple man."; hopes Lyell's next excursion will be to Sicily, to study evidence for and to refute craters of elevation theory. p. 342, line 21, add: will miss visiting Lyells while they are away. p. 342, line 22, add: will send third part of Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 7, pt. 3] (1845) on Monday.

Note: 1. This work might be Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, 1839), although I could not pinpoint the precise passage to which CD refers. 2. CD refers to Wells, An Essay on Dew... (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1814), esp. 43-50. See also Richard Harrison Shryock, "The Strange Case of Wells' Theory of Natural Selection (1813)...," in M. F. Ashley Montagu, ed., Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning... in Homage to George Sarton... (New York: Henry Schuman, [1946]), 195-209.

46. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury

[1845] October 8th.-- [pmk. OC 8/ 1845; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 9 x7.5 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr/ Post Office/ Boston/ United States], end. [Mr Darwin/ Queries about negroes]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 343-45. At beginning of letter is: has not written because has "seen hardly anyone & done little"; "...it has been asserted that on the negroes born in N[orth]. America, the lice are larger & of a blacker colour, than the dommon species; & that the European lice will not live on negroes."; has heard analogous story about men of Sandwich Islands; asks Lyell to check this and to send specimens of lice from blacks to [Henry] Denny; [Edward] Long's History of Jamaica [London: T. Lowndes, 1774] states that mulattos cross sterile; asks Lyell for comparative information on crosxes of "Indians & Europeans & Negroes & Europeans". p. 344, line 14, change "our scientific" to "non-scientific". p. 344, line 17, missing name is [William John] Broderip.

47. To [?Isaac ANDERSON-HENRY]; Shrewsbury

[1845-1848]¹ Friday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p.

B D25.188

Is visiting his father; thanks for offer to experiment on hybrids; please record "all faots, such as the number of plants you experimentise on, their names &c &c.--"; "Negative facts (Ie failures) are as important to know as successes.--"; will acknowledge source of all results published; sends copy of Darwin, Journal of Researches [Freeman 8] (1845), which "is I hope somewhat improved, from the 1st [edition] that was published."

Note: 1. The second edition of the Journal of Researches was published--or printed, at least--in 1845; CD's father died in 1848. These set the endpoints for the date. Anderson-Henry was chosen as correspondent merely because this letter was pubchased in a lot with another letter to Anderson-Henry and apparently was glued in a scrapbook along with the other letter at one time.

48. To [Richard] OWEN; Down (type 2)

[1846 May 12] Tuesday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p.

B D25.181

Wishes to see Owen on Thursday morning concerning Mammifers of the Plata; if Owen cannot see CD then, send note to "7 Park St Grosvenor Sqr"; has begun reading Owen on British fossils [i.e. A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (London: John Van Voorst, 1846)].

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University.

49. To Charles LYELL; Shrewsbury

[1846 August 8] Saturday [end. Augt. 10--1846--; pmk. AU 8/ 1846; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 10 x8; 4p., add. [Charles Lyell Esqr. Junr.--/ Kinnordy/ Kirriemuir/ Scotland], end. [(11)/ C. Darwin/ Augt. 10--1846--/ on his work on/ volcanos/ on hybrids]

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 222-24 (letter 557). At end of this portion is: pleased that Lyell will read Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844); cost 18 months work, but few have read it; "now [that Lyell is reading it] I shall feel whatever little (& little it is) there is confirmatory...will work its effect...."; wishes he could say same for Darwin, South America (1846), but cannot; wanted to discuss with Lyell the foliation of metamorphic schists, the absence of recent conchiferous deposits, and the deposit of tertiary formations during subsidence; has corrected two-thirds of South America and hopes to publish during August; returns to Down on Tuesday; family ill; sends regards; must do proofreading.
Next portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 327, lines 3-7. At end of this portion is: regards to wife.

50. To C[harles] LYELL; no location

[1846 October 3; end. 1846; pmk. OC 3/ 1846; wmk. 1842]

ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ Cavendish Sqr/ London], end. [(10) Darwin on Ramsays/ paper on Denuda/tion/ 1846--]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 120-22 (letter 482). p. 121, line 23, change "foundations" to "formation"/.

51. To [Smith, Elder, and Company]; 7. Park St./ Grosvenor Sqr

[1846 October 19] Monday night [end. Oct 20, 1846]

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p. and end. [C. Darwin by/ Park St./ Oct 20, 1846]

B D25.128

Has received his copy of Darwin, South America (1846); "coloured Plate [i.e. Plate I]" has "its back to all the letter press; it is almost impossible to refer to it" this way; "a stupid trick"; orders corr. to cut out all plates that are bound and make them front the letterpress; likes looks of volume; has not seen any advertisements yet.

52. To [Andrew Crombie RAMSAY]; Down (type 3)

[?1846]¹ Dec. 21st

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 11p.

B D25.174

Ill for week; thanks for letter; glad Ramsay values parts of book [Darwin, South America (1846)]; concerning "traces of Terraces", a "hobby-horse" of CD, did not see signs of such terraces on recent visit to Snowdonia in North Wales; even recent paper² on Scandinavian drift by [Roderick Impey] Murchison errs by "speaking of...successive terraces as the direct effects of so many elevations [rather than as] the indirect effect of an elevation, & the direct effect of the sea's destroying power...."; does not know whether old Tertiary beds of South America were submerged until recent layers set down, but certain they were slowly uplifted, with low parts long submerged; "I think this absence of any considerable recent fossiliferous deposits on both E. & W. coasts, the most remarkable thing I observed" in South America; see page 135 of Darwin, South America (1846); this subject "helps to explain the breaks in Geological chronology & has disabused my mind of a prejudice that durable fossiliferous formations are in most places now accumulating."; thinks "ejected volcanic crystals of glassy feldspar are always broken.--"; found Murchison's thin Silurian lavastreams near Stiper Stones to be injected; for measurements of thin streams, see Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844), 103 and 109; Ramsay working at interesting site, [?Edward] Forbes gave information on it; where lavas are vesicular and decomposed, has seen "most marvellous transitions into sedimentary beds", partly caused by compression and movement of once-solid lava; impossible to say "where lava ended & tuff began, though neither [were] in the lease metamorphosed."; suspects some metamorphosis; doubts alleged high erosive power of gravel on underlying rocks beneath a sea of any depth; apologies for long letter; directs letter to Charing Cross, since Ramsay probably back from Bala [Wales].

Note: 1. Year based on publication date of Darwin, South America (1846).
2. Murchison, "On the Superficial Detritus of Sweden,..." Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 2 (1846), pt. 1: 349-81.

53. To [Leonard] HORNER; Down (type 3)

[1846] Monday

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.257

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 174-75 (letter 518). Also printed in Katherine M[urray Horner] Lyell, ed. Memoir of Leonard Horner...Consisting of Letters to His Family and from Some of His Friends, ed. by his daughter..., 2v. (London: Women's Printing Soc., Ltd., 1890), II, 103.

54. To [(?William) HUTTON]¹; Down (type 2) (black border)

[?1846]¹ Wednesday

ALS; 7 x4.5 1p.

B D25.14

Thanks for loan of Horticultural Journal; has read Dr. [William] Herbert's paper² "with interest"; will return journal to Athenaeum Club; joins wife in regards to "Mrs. Hutton" and family.

Note: 1. CD refers to Jl R. hort. Soc. (see Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection, index entries under William Herbert); first volume published in 1846, thereby setting lower endpoint for date. Articles by Herbert appeared in volumes 1 (1846) and 2 (1847), but in no later volumes. Corr. seems to be William Hutton, because John Lindley was a close friend and colleague of this Hutton and was also a leading figure in the Horticultural Society of London at this time; moreover, William Hutton was a geologist with an interest in botany and fossils, which suggests both that CD knew him and that he would be interested in horticultural matters. William Hutton died in 1860, thereby setting upper endpoint for date. He was on the island of Malta from 1846 to 1857 (see DNB, 28, 363), leaving only 1846 and 1857-1860 as possible dates for letter. Black border indicates death in Darwin family; only deaths during these years were CD's mother-in-law in 1846 (see Emma Darwin, II, 89) and CD's son and his eldest sister in 1858 (see "Darwin's Journal," 14 and 14n). Earlier year chosen because style of handwriting and ink used (a lighter brown than usual) match style and ink of 1846 letters better than style and ink of 1858 letters.
2. Probably "Local Habitation and Wants of Plants," Jl R. hort. Soc., 1 (1846): 44-49.

55. To W[illiam] B[enjamin] CARPENTER; Down (type 3)

[ca. 1846-1855]¹ Saturday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.157

Sorry to have broken engagement, but was unwell; is "most anxious" to have Carpenter's advice; would make special trip [to London] to see him and to order microscope; Carpenter's note convinced CD to get [a microscope] and "I groan to think over the 3 or 4 months [until delivery of the microscope]"; discusses details of possible meeting times.

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

56. To?; Down (type 3)

[ca. 1846-1855]¹ Saturday

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p.

B D25.21

Enclosed probably longer than corr. wished, but "a page in Annals swallows up much M.S."; has marked a page for extraction, "without which [page] my remark w[oul]d be unintelligible"; note "expresses my most honest conviction after careful perusal...", despite its laudatory tone; gives permission to alter but not to shorten; offers to proofread galley, "as my style is often very faulty."

Note: 1. Years determined by Down address variant used.

57. To C[harles] LYELL; no location

[1847 January 20; end. Jany/47; pmk. JA 20/ 1847; wmk. 1846]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [(112)/ Darwin -- Jany/47/ Structure of Gneiss]

B D25.L

To show that CD not "overrash in generalising my conclusion", copies passage from Darwin, South America (1846), page 167, which begins on line 6 and ends on line 14 of that page, concerning cleavage and foliation.

58. To [Charles] LYELL; Down

[1847 January 24] Sunday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 5p.

B D25.L1

Concerning reefs of Tahiti. Supposes "reef under water" to be dead semi-submerged rock separating living reef from "the islets, which Dr Gould calls the Barrier."; Tahiti less perfectly encircled by reefs than other islands of its group, but considers it encircled because of [James] Cook's chart,¹ which has been verified by the French; see page 152 of Darwin, Coral Reefs (1842); reef is much broken where ships enter; Americans unaware of submerged and probably dead part of reef described in Nautical Magazine for 1836;² this is the least perfect part, according to Cook; did not color it in plate without consideration; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker visiting Down, working at paper on coal plants³ and conversing with CD; Hooker admires [Charles James Fox] Bunbury's papers.

Note: 1. Perhaps the chart reproduced as Chart V in R. A. Skelton, ed., The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery: Charts & Views Drawn by Cook..., printed for the Hakluyt Society (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1955).
2. W. Forbes, "Description of the Reefs on the North-east Coast of Tahiti,..." Nautical Magazine, 5 (1836): 264.
3. Hooker, "On the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Period,..." Mem. geol. Surv. U. K., 2 (1848): 387-430.

59. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1847 March 7] Sunday [end. March 7. 1847; pmk. MR 8/ 1847]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11 Harley St/ London], end. [(12) Darwin/ March 7. 1847/ R. Chambers on Paralell/ Roads of Glen Roy]

B D25.L

Thanks for copy of seventh ed. of Principles of Geology... (London: John Murray, 1847) with "much new...to refer to"; wants list of new parts. as promised, since CD too busy to read in toto; [?Charles] Stokes has lent CD volumes 1-30 of Annls. Sci. nat.; has been ill; sorry to have missed Lyell while in London; Robert Chambers gave CD a sketch of [David] Milne[-Home]'s views on Glen Roy,¹ and CD has reread his own paper² and is "now, that I have heard what is to be said, not even staggered."³; Chambers did not read CD's paper with care and did not look at CD's colored map,⁴ so "the new shelf...had not been searched for,..."; was "quite chicken-hearted" at Geological Society of London until Lyell reassured him; Darwin, South America (1846) has had "enormous sale" of 100 copies; CD's father better, but "much changed bodily" in last six months.

Note: 1. Milne, "On the Parallel Roads of Lochaber,..." Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 16 (1849): 395-418. See also: Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 2 (1844-1850); 124-25 and 132-33; and Edinb. new phil. J., 43 (1847): 339-64.
2. Darwin, "Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy,..." Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 129 (1839): 39-81.
3. See Paul H. Barrett, "Darwin's `Gigantic Blunder'," Journal of Geological Education, January 1973; 19-28.
4. Darwin, op. cit. (note 2), Plate I.

60. To C[harles] LYELL; Down

[1847 June] Wednesday [end. June 1847]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr], end. [C. Darwin/ June 1847/ On Dr.Morton's/ paper on/ Hybridity/ (13)]

B D25.L

Returns [William] Whewell correspondence, likes Lyell's bold reply;¹ returns [volume 3 of] Silliman's J. containing [Samuel George] Morton's article;² glad to have seen latter, but thinks it "a merely tabulated compilation from [Edward] Griffith's Cuvier";³ Morton's worst fault is failure to consult primary sources; gives examples of this concerning dubious hybrids, refers to [Coenraad Jacob] Temminck; "What a capital Journal Silliman's is; there is always something of interest in it."

Note: 1. See I. Todhunter, William Whewell..., 2v. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1876), I, 161.
2. Morton, "Hybridity in Animals, Considered in Reference to the Question of the Unity of the Human Species," 39-50 and 203-12.
3. Georges L. C. F. D. de Cuvier, The Animal Kingdom..., with additional descriptions...by Edward Griffith..., 16 v. (London: Geo. B. Whittaker, 1827-1835).

61. To [Mrs. M. A. T. WHITBY]; Down (type 3)

[1847]¹ Sept 2d

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p.

B D25.102

Information on silkworm provided by Whitby "last year at Southampton"; in moths raised from silkworms kept in captivity, are the wings crippled and is flight impossible; is this especially true in France and Italy; if so, are males and females equally flightless; presumes case similar to domestic ducks; has Whitby tried "two experiments on hereditariness" which CD suggested, viz., first, whether black-eyebrowed caterpillar produces black or dark-eyed caterpillar young; and second, if fat caterpillars called Frales produce moths and, if so, whether moth offspring are "likewise fat & silkless."; needs results, "for in a work which I intend some few years hence to publish on variation, there will be hardly any facts in the insect world."; are there differences in habits in different caterpillar breeds.²

Note: 1. CD and Whitby met at the September, 1846, meeting of the British Association, held at Southampton; see Whitby, "On the Cultivation of Silk in England," Rep. Br. Ass. Advmt Sci., 16 (1846), pt. 2: 87-88.
2. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication [Freeman 233] (1868), I, 302-03.

62. To?; Down (type 3)

[?1847] Sept 7th [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.265

Some years ago, took his collection of Mollusca in spirits to [?George Brettingham] Sowerby [?the elder]; more interesting forms, including many cirripedes, were then sent to [Richard] Owen; describes physical features of specimen bottles, asks corr. to look for them; "it is most mortifying...to have lost my own Cirripedia, now that I am at work on them."; will be in London in October, will call on corr. "at the [?Royal] College [?of Surgeons] and look over corr.'s cirripede collections; offers corr. a first-stage Scalpellum larva without striation.

63. To C[harles] LYELL [sic];¹ no location

[1847 October 4] Monday Morning [end. Oct. 1847; pmk. OC 4/ 1847]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [C. Lyell Esqr--/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [Darwin (110)/ Oct. 1847/ Glen Roy/ Glacier Theory]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 187088 (letter 523). At beginning of letter is: Obliged for barnacles; the one marked "Bergen" is the right one, but its locality is unknown; it is not a Conia; will keep shells, including new one, until review of them is finished; thank husband for note; "what an awful joke...if we had all subscribed for a horrid calf's head?"; will be "grievous" if Coal Saurian proves to be a fish; "I will hope still that [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's positive assertions may be disproved by bones, as well as footsteps.--"

Note: 1. While letter is addressed to Charles Lyell, the salutation greets his wife, Mary Elizabeth Horner Lyell.

64. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1847 October 11] Monday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. and 1p. enc.

B D25.L

Encloses measurements representing results of comparison of Lochaber and Galashiels Terraces, the latter measured by [William] Kemp; results "wonderful", show similar elevations for terraces in two locations; believes measurements of [?Alan] Stevenson and [Robert] Chambers are correct, those of [John] Macculloch are wrong; told Chambers that Lyell and CD both thought ice-lake theory worth considering, Chambers replied that this was dream; [Charles] Maclaren did not insert abstract of [David] Milne[-Home]'s paper¹ into Scotsman and thus will not insert CD's letter;² [Robert] Jameson will insert it in Philosophical Journal, but CD has written Jameson "to beg him to destroy it."; will return [Casterordes?] paper with [Hugh] Miller's [?book];³ Down House full of relatives.

Note: 1. "On the Parallel Roads of Lochaber,..." Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 16 (1849); 395-418; Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 2 (1844-1850); 124-25 and 132-33; Edinb. new phil. J., 43 (1847): 339-64.
2. Printed at the end of Paul H. Barrett, "Darwin's `Gigantic Blunder'," Journal of Geological Education, January 1973: 19-28.
3. First Impressions of England and Its People (London: J. Johnstone?, 1847); see More Letters, II, 188.

65. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1847 (?ca. October)]¹ Saturday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 328n. At end of letter is: delighted by letter² from [Bernhard] Studer to [James David] Forbes showing that layers in gneiss have nothing to do with stratification in Alps; this agrees with Darwin, South America (1846); tell [Leonard] Horner of this, as Horner wished to know what things were in the book; enjoyed Lyell's visit to Down; regards to wife.

Note: 1. Lyell visited Down in October, 1847; see Life and Letters I, 360.
2. "Remarks on the Geological Relations of the Gneiss of the Alps," Edinb. new phil. J., 42 (1846-1847): 186-87.

66. To [Henri] MILNE-EDWARDS; Down (type 3)

1847 Nov. 18th [pmk. 20NO20/ 1847; wmk. 1846]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p and add. [A Monsieur/ M. Milne Edwards/ Membre de l'Institut/ et Professeur a l'ecole Centrale des Arts/ Paris]

B D25.20

Has, he believes, the male, the female, and the larvae (in different states) of a "singular Lernaea like animal, which is parasitic on Balanus"; these are identified erroneously as the male of the Balanus and as a new genus of isopodous Crustacean parasitic on this male Balanus by [Harry (not Henry, as is printed with article) D. S.] Goodsir in ["On the Sexes, Organs of Reproduction, and Mode of Development, of the Cirripeds,..."] Edinb. new phil. J., 35 (1843): 88; offers specimens of these to Milne-Edwards, "to whose publications, I have long owed much pleasure & instruction"; could send them through Baillieu the Bookseller.

67. To [?Robert] HUTTON; Down (type 3)

[1847-1848]¹ Sunday [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p.

B D25.245

Thanks to Hutton and friend for help in obtaining introduction to Lady E[mily Georgiana Bagot] Finch[-Hatton, Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham], but right after seeing Hutton at Geological Society of London, CD heard from his father that an old friend could provide introduction; regards to Hutton family.

Note: 1. Watermark is lower endpoint; death of CD's father in 1848 is upper.

68. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[ca. 1847-1849] Wednesday 8th

Copy of L; 10 x8; 6p. and end. [Darwin/ Letter on Glen Roy/ Milne's paper]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 181-87 (letter 522). p. 184, line 14, pluralize "lake". Original of this letter is in Cambridge University Library; see Handlist of Darwin Papers, 13.

69. To [George Robert] WATERHOUSE; Down (type 3)

[1847-1855] Sunday [wmk. 1847]¹

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. and end. [C. Darwin Esqr]

B D25.211

Heard Wednesday at Museum that Waterhouse expected back soon; invites Waterhouse for dinner at Down on Saturday the twelfth, return to London Monday morning; [Charles and Mary] Lyell, [Edward] Forbes, [Andrew Crombie] Ramsay, and R[obert Hermann] Schomburgk are also invited; wants to hear "some news of your foreign trip."

Note: 1. Upper endpoint set by type of Down address used.

70. To Lady [?Harriet Hotham] LUBBOCK; no location

[1847-1865] Wednesday Even/ Thursday mg. [wmk. 1847]¹

ALS; 7 x4.5 1p.

B D25.15

Do not worry about missing volume, covered with brown paper, with no title outside; it will turn up some day and will not be needed soon; has received husband's check and will send receipt with microscope, when complete.

Note: 1. Lady Harriet Hothem Lubbock's husband died in 1865; it is unlikely that this letter, with its 1847 watermark, refers to the wife of John Lubbock, first Baron Avebury.

71. To [John Edward] GRAY; no location

[ca. 1848 January]¹ Saturday night

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.91

Regarding loan of the cirripede collection of the British Museum to CD. Enclosed request for collection in groups (pedunculated and sessile separate) is sent to Gray for approval; will correct if Gray disapproves; getting specimens in these two lots is best arrangement for CD; could divide sessile into two sub-groups if necessary; has not mentioned duration of loan for fear of being hampered.

Note: 1. See next letter, below, for date.

72. To [John Edward] GRAY; Down (type 3)

[1848 February 6] Sunday [end. 8 Feb 1848; wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 6p., end. [8 Feb 1848] (enclosure wanting)

B D25.92

Received yesterday Gray's note with "good tidings of the great liberality of the Trustees. Now if I do not make a tolerably good monograph, it will be purely my own fault."; encloses thank-you note for Trustees; is not ready for specimens yet, will not be ready for species part for six weeks; will begin with pedunculated division; will consult Gray on size of first loan; sould appreciate names of as many specimens as possible, although this is troublesome; "Without your assistance I shd break down with the synomony [sic; synonymy]."; has all of Mr. Stutchbury [of Bristol]'s collection, which is partly named after British Museum; thanks for "conduct...most generous & handsome".

73. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1848 June 16] Friday [end. 1848; pmk. JU 17/ 1848; wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 8p. and env., add. [C. Lyell Esqr/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [(104) Darwin/ Chambers/ paralell/ roads/ 1848]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 362-63. At beginning of letter is: tells [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell of relief felt by CD and wife over "wonderful escape" of Miss [?Ann] S[?usan] Horner, which CD heard about since seeing Lyell on Wednesday at Council [of Geological Society of London]; "[Leonard] Horner...had a horror of the sea & now it is...justified." p. 362, line 3, missing name is [William] "Buckland". At end of letter is: "If he [Robert Chambers] be, as I believe, the Author of the Vestiges [of the Natural History of Creation] this book [Ancient Sea Margins...] for poverty of intellect is a literary curiosity.-- I have written all this, as I believe it may save you reading the Book; it is to the best of my Belief, an honest account."; shall be in London before Lyell leaves [for Kinnordy]; wishes to visit Lyell then.

74. To [John Edward] GRAY; Down (type 3)

[1848 June] 28th [end. June 1848; wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p., end. [June 1848]

B D25.93

Will send [some work by Camillo] Ranzani on "Thursday (tomorrow)"; Ranzani work not much use; wants the Conchotrya and Brisnaeus (Brisneus?) [CD's query]; is working at Lithotrya; also wants [Octomeris?] to do when studying [Catophragmus?], especially if there is a specimen "adhering to its support, so that I could get out the dry animal."; apologies for this trouble; "In truth never will a mountain in labour have brought forth such a mouse as my book on the Cirripedia: it is ridiculous the time each species takes me."

75. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1848 June] Wednesday [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 363-64.

76. To [Henri] MILNE-EDWARDS; Down (type 3)

[1848] Sept. 1st [pmk. 2 SP 2/ 1848; wmk. 1847]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 3p. and add. [A Monsieur/ M. Milne Edwards/ Academie Royl. des Sciences/ Paris]

B D25.58

Milne-Edwards's kindness at Oxford [?B.A.A.S. meeting, June 1847] induces CD to ask favor; describes work on cirripedes, gives history of project, identifies collections at his disposal (Cuming, British Museum, etc.), describes methods used; will describe animals within shells as well as shells themselves; asks for help in obtaining loan of specimens, esp. "a single specimen of some of the species figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe";¹ especially wants genus Alepas; wants the following: Alepas fasciculatus of [Rene Primevere] Lesson; A. parasita of [Jean Rene Constant] Quoy and [Joseph Paul] Gaimard; A. tubulosa do.; Anatifa elongata do. (especially); A. pelagica [Anatife pelagien] do.; A. sessilis do.; A. tricolor do.; A. spinosa do. (especially) (Pollicipes); A. truncata (especially) (Lithotrya); A. sulcata; has found "a good deal new in the Anatomy"; values Milne-Edwards's work on the Crustacea;² presumes Milne-Edwards does not care about parasite on Balanus, about which CD wrote [on November 18, 1847; see above].

Note: 1. Jules Sébastien César Dumont D'Urville, Voyage de la Corvette l'Astrolabe, 15v. Zoologie, by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard, 4v. (Paris: J. Testu, 1830-1832).
2. Alcide Dessalines D'Orbigny, Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale..., 9v. Vol. 6, pt. 1: Crustaces, by Henri Milne-Edwards and Hippolyte Lucas (Paris: Strasbourg, 1843).

77. To J[ohn] W[illiam] LUBBOCK; no location (black border)²

[?late 1848]¹ Wednesday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.216

Thanks for permission to use schoolroom; Mr. Nash will come next Wednesday; has not received drawing; tell son that CD wants to hear about microscope, will see him for half hour [see letter to Lady Lubbock, (1847-1865) Wednesday evening/ Thursday morning, above]; ill; thanks for invitation to meet Mr. Adams and for paper on meteors.³

Note: 1. See notes 2 and 3, below, for evidences for this date.
2. CD's father died on November 13, 1848.
3. Lubbock, "On Shooting Stars," Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag., 32 (1848): 81-88 and 170-72, and 35 (1849), 356-57; reprinted in Edinb. new phil. J., 44 (1848), 330-31.

78. To [Charles] LYELL; The Lodge Malvern (black border)

[1849 June] Friday [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 8 3/4 x7.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 376-77. At end of letter is: delighted that Lyell to write new editions;¹ glad to see Lyell's remarks on extermination and "the striking instance of the tree of [John] Bartram";² returns home on 30th; ill, must remain idle to be fully cured by Dr. [James Manby Gully]; has bought horse for riding; will atend [B.A.A.S. meeting] at Birmingham [in September] if well; grieved to hear of Lyell family illnesses; sent copy of Darwin, Manual of Scientific Inquiry [Freeman 97] (1849), to Geological Society of London for Lyell; will return two of Lyell's pamphlets on same subject "sometime"; wanted to hear [Roderick Impey] Murchison on Jura-blocks;³ regards to [Leonard and Anne Lloyd] Horner; expects large sale for Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849).

Note: 1. Principles of Geology, 8th ed. (London: John Murray, 1850); and Elements of Geology, 3rd ed. (London: John Murray, 1851).
2. See Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849), I, 351.
3. "On the Distribution of the Superficial Detritus of the Alps, as Compared with that of Northern Europe," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1850), 65-69.

79. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) (black border)

[1849] July 3d. [wmk. 1848]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed: More Letters, II, 225 (letter 559). At beginning of letter is: corrections to Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States..., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1849), as follows: v. 1, p. 349, megatherium only found as far south as 39 degrees by CD and not found at all by [Bartholomew James] Sulivan in southern Patagonia; misplaced or omitted words in second volume concerning diameter of a great equatorial telescope and in first volume concerning oxygen and anthracite; left copy of book by Lyell at Malvern with the Wedgwoods.

80. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3) (black border)

[1849 September 2] Sunday [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 8 3/4 x7.25 8p.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 122-25 (letter 483). p. 124, line 5, pluralize "volume" and change "like" to "have liked".
Next portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters I, 377-78. At beginning of this portion is: regards to Lyell's wife from CD's wife; CD's wife will attend [B.A.A.S. meeting in] Birmingham; two Darwin children ill. p. 377, line 13, add: "But yet I somehow liked him better than Ld Mahon [i.e. Philip Henry Stanhope]." p. 378, line 15, change "evolving" to "evoking". At end of letter is: regards to [Charles James Fox and Frances Joanna] Bunbury; sorry to hear that Lyell's father is weak.

81. To G. RANSOME; Down (type 3) (black border)¹

[?1849]¹ Oct. 25th

ALS; 7 x4.25 1p.

B D25.207

Is happy to promote Ransome's project; put down CD on subscription list for one pound sterling for the portrait of the bishop.

Note: 1. Down variant address used determines endpoints of 1846 and 1855. During this period, two deaths necessitated use of black border, viz. death of CD's father on November 13, 1848, and death of CD's daughter Anne on April 23, 1851. Dimensions and width of black border on this letter match those letters from October, 1849, but not of October, 1851.

82. To [Hugh CUMING]²; Down (type 3) (black border)

[?1849 ca. October]¹ Saturday Evening [wmk. 1848]

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B EY83

Has described and named all Cuming's specimens of Pedunculata; will return them at first meeting of Geological Society of London in early November [November 7]; has from Paris a Lithotrya from the Friendly Islands, suspects it is identical to Cuming's single specimen from the Philippines;³ will Cuming please lend the latter again for comparison, as well as any new pedunculate cirripedes freshly acquired; must review the genera again and write out generic descriptions of the Pedunculata; will then start sessile cirripedes; "I quite dread the genus Balanus."

Note: 1. There are three reasons for choosing this date: 1) CD finished the pedunculated cirripedes and commenced the sessile in April, 1850 (see "Darwin's Journal," 12); 2) the November 7, 1849, meeting of the Geological Society of London; and 3) the black-bordered stationery, in mourning for the death of CD's father in November, 1848.
2. This letter is bound in a letter-book amid other letters to Cuming. See also the next note.
3. CD refers to Lithotrya truncata; see Darwin, Recent Lepadidae, 366-67ff.

83. To [Charles] LYELL; no location (black border)

[1849 November?1] Thursday

ALS; 8 3/4 x7.5 6p., sketch

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 126-28 (letter 485). p. 126, line 9, sketch is missing. At end of letter is: will visit London on Wednesday [November 7; see previous letter, above], wants to see Lyell about Royal Medals [for the awarding of which CD voted on November 16 (More Letters, II, 131)].

84. To Charles LYELL; Down (black border)

[1849 November 18] Sunday [end. Nov. 1849; pmk. NO 20/ 1849]

ALS; 8 3/4 x7.5 6p. and add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ Kinnordy/ Kerriemuir/ N. Britain], end. [C. Darwin Etna dikes./ Nov. 1849], sketches, and drawing

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 128-31 (letter 486). p. 131, line 21, add: hopes Mrs. H[enry (i.e. Katherine Murray Horner)] Lyell is well.

85. To [Charles] LYELL; Down. (black border)

[1849] Dec 4th

ALS; 8 3/4 x7.25 4p.

B D25.L

Printed: Life and Letters I, 374-75. p. 375, line 12, after "to me.", add: "though really I think it some little reflection on him,, that he did find other & new points to observe." At end of letter is: is now reading volcanic part [of James Dwight Dana's book¹] which is excellent and original; in last letter [above], claimed that dikes and lava streams never intersect, but now sees that they do so in Sandwich Islands [Hawaii], without cones; thinks this rare, but believes similar cases exist in Galapagos Islands, examples of which CD saw from a distance; Mt. Etna not like this; Dana believes that great Australian valleys are valleys of denudation, have been formed by "running fresh water", but CD unconvinced on latter point; Dana does not discuss craters of elevation; discusses lack of scoriae in Galapagos, abundance at Etna; will be in London on 19th [of December for meeting of Geological Society of London]; "My boasting has done me a deal of good."

Note: 1. United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, United States Exploring Expedition [Wilkes Expedition]. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., 19v. Vol. X: Geology, by James Dwight Dana (Philadelphia: C. Sherman, 1849).

86. To [Isaac ANDERSON-HENRY]; Down (type 3)

[1849] Dec. 10th [end. 1849/ Decr. 10th]

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p. and end. [1849/ Decr 10th/ C. Darwin]

B D25.187

Was just thinking of Anderson-Henry; thanks for letter; surprised that Anderson-Henry could make so many experiments on Phloxes and mimuli, given that he was also busy with his "removal"; would be grateful for results on this "most curious & interesting subject"; improved health.

87. To Albany HANCOCK; Down (type 3)

[1849] Dec. 25th [end. 25th Decr. 1849/ pmk. DE27/ 1849; wmk. 1846]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 6p. and add. [Albany Hancock Esqr/ St. Mary's Terrace/ Newcastle/ upon Tyne], end. [25th Decr. 1849/ C. Darwin]

B D25.30

Printed in full, with minor changes: "Letters from C. Darwin, Esq., to A. Hancock, Esq.," Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb., 8 (1886); 256-58. p. 258, line 3, change "Asthrobalanus (=Cryptophialus)" to "Arthrobalanus".

88. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1849 December] Friday Even [wmk. 1846]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 225-26 (letter 560). At beginning of letter is: overflowing dikes on both sides of volcano is an exceptional case, cause of it "appears connected with liquidity or abdemce of much gaseous emissions"; Lyell should read [James Dwight Dana's] whole chapter¹ on Hawaii and the summary on vulcanism in Pacific; other volcanic chapters "have little in them"; discusses Dana's evidence for many currents proceeding from fissures; would contradict [Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce] E[lie] de B[eaumont] because Mt. Etna is scoriae-producing, and there must be cones when there is much scoriae; Dana gives woodcut of denudation crater; discusses Dana's estimates of inclinations of lava-streams; Dana's book would have been more valuable if he had not "compared his results with those of others"; differences in liquidity of lava are immense; other details on Dana's volcanic writings. p. 226, line 7, missing phrase is "far penetrating [the] country".

Note: 1. In United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, United States Exploring Expedition..., 19v. Vol. X: Geology, by James Dwight Dana (Philadelphia: C. Sherman, 1849).

89. To [Richard] OWEN; Down (type 3)

[?late 1849-early 1850]¹ Friday

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p.

B D25.97

Wishes particularly to see a valve of a cirripede in [Frederick] Dixon's collection which is shown in figure 9 of Plate XXVIII [sic: XXVII]; also wishes specimens in figures 3 and 4 of Plate XIV.²

Note: 1. CD's original request to Owen on this subject is in a letter dated September 10, [1849] (Sir Gavin de Beer, "Further Unpublished Letters of Charles Darwin," Ann. Sci., 14 (1958), 102-03). CD finished working on the pedunculated cirripedes and commenced the sessile cirripedes in April, 1850 ("Darwin's Journal," 12). Owen never provided the specimens; see Darwin, Fossil Lepadidae, 22 and 37-38.
2. See Dixon, The Geology and Fossils...of Sussex (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1850), Plates XIV and XXVII.

90. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1850 January 3] Thursday Evening [pmk.?JY 4/ 1850; wmk. 1846]

ALS; 9 3/4 x8; 4p., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 11. Harley St/ London], end. [Darwin/ Denudation Draters]

B D25.L

Suggestions and comments on Lyell's paper on craters of denudation, read at meeting of Geological Society of London [on December 19, 1849];¹ paper "will be a thorn in the side of [Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce] E[lie] de B[eaumon]t"; Lyell overlooks CD's case of tuff-strata at Galapagos, viz. beds form narrow streams, hollow from setting of crust, so idea of uplifted horizontal strata absurd; Lyell should state subject at issue more clearly; considers St. Jago, Mauritius, and St. Helena, but not Palma, to be craters of denudation; [James David] Forbes's paper on Italian volcanoes² has been referred to CD.

Note: 1. "On Craters of Denudation,..." Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1850): 207-34.
2. "On the Volcanic Formations of the Alban Hills, near Rome," Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 2 (1844-1850); 259-61.

91. To [James Scott BOWERBANK]²; Down (type 3)

[?1850 January 24]¹ Thursday Evening

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 1p. and end. [Darwin C.]

B D25.132

Thanks for Balani, which will be of use when doing fossil sessile cirripedes; "I got youn[g] Lubbock [i.e. John William, Baron Avebury] to join your [?Palaeontographical] Society".

Note: 1. Lubbock joined the Palaeontographical Society in 1850. Month and day derived by Thaddeus J. Trenn from a letter at the New York Botanical Gardens. See also note 2, below.
2. Of all the persons who lent Balani to Darwin, only Bowerbank was closely connected enough to a society for CD to call it "your Society".

92. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1850 March 8] Friday [wmk. 1847]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 7p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 228-29 (letter 562). At end of letter is: regards to Lyell's wife; [Christian Leopold] Von Buch implies that there are no lower Cretaceous beds in the North, but some of [Johannes Japetus Smith] Steenstrup's cirripedes are marked "Grunsand [i.e. Greensand]" from "[Saliberg?] [?in Scania, the southernmost district of Sweden] Quedlingburg [?in Westphalia]" and CD believes they may be from Greensand, "or at least lower chalk"; are there lower Cretaceous beds in Scania or Denmark?

93. To [Albany HANCOCK]; Down (type 3)

[?1850] May 12th [wmk. 1846]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.34

Printed in full, with minor changes: "Letters from C. Darwin, Esq., to A. Hancock, Esq.," Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb., 8 (1886): 259-60.

94. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1850 June 8] Saturday

ALS¹; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Concerning ripples in the sea-bottom, has only seen them to depth of six to ten feet, but see Darwin, Volcanic Islands (1844), page 134, where deeper observations are attributed to M. Sian;² width of ripples related to depth; thanks for Theodore Parker, [?A Letter to the People of the United States Touching the Matter of Slavery (Boston: J. Monroe and Ce., 1848)]; glad Lyell approved of paper;³ "[Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz has sent me his Lake Superior Book [Lake Superior,... (Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850)],--is not that an immense Honour!"

Note: 1. On the back of this letter is a one-page ANS from Emma Wedgwood Darwin to Mary Elizabeth Horner Lyell concerning tickets to see the new hippopotamus in the Zoological Gardens; also mentions that Darwins leave for Malvern on Tuesday [June 11, 1850] for a week's stay; mentions Mary Lyell's sister's health.
2. M. Sian, "On the Action of Waves at Great Depths," Edinb. new phil. J., 31 (1841): 245-46.
3. Probably "On British Fossil Lepadidae," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 6 (1850): 439-40. Read June 5, 1850.

95. To Lady [Maria] HOOKER; Down (type 3)

[?1850]¹ Aug 31.

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 3p.

B D25.43

Sorry that Sir William [Jackson Hooker] is ill; thanks for note and extract; had not heard of [Brian Houghton] Hodgson's "Physicogeographical memoir" [?"On the Physical Geography of the Himalayas," J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 18 (1849): 761-88]; will send comments directly to Hodgson; delighted that "your son [Joseph Dalton Hooker] is enjoying the grand Sylhet Mountains."

Note: 1. On the date of Sir William's illness, see Mea Allan, The Hookers of Kew, 1785-1911 (London: Michael Joseph, 1967), 188. On J. D. Hooker's visit to the Sylhet Mountains in late summer, 1850, see Leonard Huxley, Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 2v. (London: John Murray, 1918), I, 332.

96. To J[ames] S[cott] BOWERBANK; Down (type 3)

[?1850] Sept. 10th [pmk. SP 10/ 185 (sic)]

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 2p. and env., add. [J. S. Bowerbank Esqr/ 3. Highbury Grove/ London], [?end.] [Darwin (illegible word PTC)]

B D25.40

Requests permission [of Palaeontographical Society] to have "four or five woodcuts" [see Darwin, Fossil Lepadidae, 9] drawn and engraved by [James de Carle] Sowerby; wants approval of plan to give species descriptions in both Latin and English, following S[earles Valentine] Wood; "how inconvenient to those who never (as I for one never do) bind their books [that the Palaeontographical Society binds its annual parts into a single volume for each year]."

97. To [John William] LUBBOCK, [Baron Avebury]; Down (type 2)

[? 1850 November or December] 10th

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 1p.

B D25.26

Please send reference for paper on the metamorphosis of the Pycnogons, which CD believes Lubbock mentioned earlier, as CD wants to tell C[harles] S[pence] Bate about it; is "much knocked up with Mr. [James de Carle] Sowerby."

98. To [the Ray Society]; Down (type 3)

[1850] Dec. 5th [wmk. 1850]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.13

Thanks for note; will confine himself [in Recent Lepadidae] to eight plates, with two of them colored; [George Brettingham] Sowerby [the younger] has only drawings, not engravings; please return "skeleton Plates, & the Drawings"; wishes to know when in 1851 will [Recent Lepadidae] appear, so he can schedule work on the eight plates after finishing proofs of [Darwin, Fossil Lepadidae] for Palaeontographical Society; is not "dilatory, though my health allows me to work but for a very short time daily."

99. To [?James Scott BOWERBANK]; Down (type 3) (black border)¹

[1851] July 7th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.175

Please ask Council of Palaeontographical Society if, to save expense, the Ray Society may use the woodcut figure 1 in Darwin, Fossil Lepadidae, page [9], for use in Darwin, Recent Lepadidae, [facing page 3]; send woodcut to G. Snow [CD's agent in London].

Note: 1. CD's daughter, Anne Elizabeth Darwin, died on April 23, 1851.

100. To?; Down (type 3)

[1851] Dec. 19th

ALS; 5 x8; 1p.

B D25.117

Thanks for note of 16th; Ray Society has already given CD 22 copies of Darwin, [Recent Lepadidae]; cannot complain; if corr. sees a copy for sale, tell CD its price.

Note: 1. Pasted to the back of this letter were four compliment cards, apparently unrelated to CD.

101. To G[eorge Crawford] HYNDMAN; Down (type 3) (black border)¹

[?1852]¹ Ap. 16th.

ALS; 7 x4.5 1p.

B D25.155

Thanks for sending larvae of Balanus; has seen them before; thinks them fine and useful specimens.

Note: 1. Type of Down address variant used sets endpoints of 1846 and 1855. Black border was employed only twice on April 16 during this period, in 1849 and probably in 1852. Black border on this particular letter is too narrow for 1849, as others of the same period have a much more prominent border. In addition, CD published on Balanidae in 1851, which explains why he should have received an unsolicited gift of Balanus specimens in 1852.

102. To [?Josephus Augustinus Hubertus de BOSQUET]; Down (type 3)

[?1852-1853] June 7th [wmk. 1850]

ALS; 10 x8; 2p.

B D25.70

What name does Bosquet give for Verruca [prisca], a drawing of the valves of which was included with Bosquet's letter of 7 April; does outline of the plate to which adductor muscle is attached in fixed scutum have the "almost angular outline" depicted, or is it broken; is basal point of the free or movable tergum as round as Bosquet depicts, or is it worn by attrition; presumes Bosquet's volume will soon be published.¹

Note: 1. See Darwin, Fossil Balanidae, 43-44.

103. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1853] Feby. 15th [distinctive blue ink used]

ALS; 7.25 x4.25 3p. and add. [Sir C. Lyell], end. [(98) Darwin/ Dodecendrie Monogynie]

B D25.L1

Thanks for [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz, [?Lake Superior: Its Physical Character, Vegetation, and Animals.... (Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850)], but returns it, as Agassiz already sent CD a copy;¹ thanks for [unspecified] pamphlets of [?Andrew Leith] Adams, who "appears as heteredox [sic] as myself"; "I have just finished dissecting a curious cirripede [?Alcippe lampas], which is female & has successive cups of males attached to her: I found one with 12 males so fixed to her! These males I suspect are the most negative creatures in the world; they have no mouth, no stomach, no thorax, no limbs, no abdomen, they consist wholly of the male reproductive organs in an envelope."²

Note: 1. See Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, ed., Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence, 2v. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886), II, 469-70.
2. See Darwin, Recent Balanidae, 556 and 562.

104. To [the Ray Society]; Down (type 3)

[1853] March 19th. [distinctive blue ink used]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p.

B D25.209

MS of [Darwin, Recent Balanidae] will not be ready when expected; thought printing could occur at any time during 1853, not by a specific deadline; "vast delay" between printing and publication of [Darwin, Recent Lepadidas] led CD to think that there were no real deadlines; expected to have been finished early in 1853, but work has taken "far longer" than expected, and CD has been ill; has not been idle for a single day; 20 plates and corresponding MS are ready, but CD must obtain at least six more plates at his own expense and must dissect for six more weeks; must rest a few weeks before going to press; will not send MS until beginning of August; asks approval for one colored and two half-colored plates to be struck by [George Brettingham] Sowerby [the younger], at only a few shillings above cost of two colored plates; asks permission for a few woodcuts.

105. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1853] March 24th. [distinctive blue ink used; end. March 25,, 1853; pmk. MR25/ 53]

ALS; 10 x8; 5p. (one an insert) and env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ 11. Harley St./ London], end. [C. Darwin/ March 25, 1853/ Dana as to volcanos/ being safety valves.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 133-135 (letter 488). At end of letter is: has not received letter mentioned by Lyell; will be in London for next meeting of Geological Society of London [on April 6].

106. To [Andrew Crombie] RAMSAY; Down (type 3)

[1853] Ap. 9th. [distinctive blue ink used]

ALS; 8 x5; 5p.

B D25.173

Interested in foliation and cleavage, pleased by Ramsay's remarks on [George Douglas Campbell, eighth] Duke of Argyll's paper;¹ before he publishes his own paper,² which was to have been read with Campbell's paper but which CD did not stay to hear, Ramsay should read Darwin, South America (1846), 162-68, esp. 167, on CD's theory that foliation can be determined in some cases by planes of deposition, just as foliation sometimes might supervene on cleavage and sometimes might not; Ramsay seems to have found instances of foliation determined by planes of deposition; has "fought many battles viva voce, with Sir C[harles] Lyell...on the subject...."

Note: 1. "On the Granitic District of Inverary, Argyllshire," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 9 (1853), 360-66.
2. "On the Physical Structure and Succession of Some of the Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of North Wales and Part of Shropshire. With Notes on the Fossils by J. W. Salter," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 9 (1853), 161-179. The paper was read on April 20, not April 6. Ramsay did as CD requested; see note on page 172.

107. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1853] June 7th [end. June 1853; pmk. JU 9]

ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ Commissioner to the/ Great Exhibition/ New York/ U.S.], end. [15/ C. Darwin/ June 1853/ Weald Denudation]

B D25.L

Thanks for two pamphlets, one of them "most useful"; attended June 1 meeting of Geological Society of London, describes proceedings; mentions [Peter C.] Sutherland's paper on ice-action,¹ [Joshua] Trimmer's paper;² [Roderick Impey] Murchison forwarded catastrophic cause of flints, so CD advanced Lyell's theory of sub-glacial action; Sutherland "most strongly" confirmed Lyell's belief that stones on the beaches in [France and England? the arctic countries?] were angular; [William] Hopkins accepted CD's theory of straight course cut through irregular terrain by highly plastic iceberge; [Robert] Chamber's "interesting" paper on glaciation³ reproduces [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's idea of hemispheric ice-sheet and "treats all Icebergians with the most supercilious contempt."; missed "battle royal" at [annual election meeting] of Royal Society of London, but Murchison and [Francis] Beaufort "gained the day", and [Edward Augustus] Inglefield was elected, exceeding by one the allowed number of admissions; wife is visiting a sister; leaves on July 1 for a month at Isle of Wight,⁴ after which CD will "go to press with my weariful cirripedes [Darwin, Recent Balanidae]."

Note: 1. "On the Geological and Glacial Phaenomena of the Coasts of Davis' Strait and Baffin's Bay," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 9 (1853), 296-312. The portion of the letter that comments on Sutherland is printed faithfully in Life and Letters I, 329, next to last paragraph.
2. "On the Southern Termination of the Erratic Tertiaries,..." Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 9 (1853), 282-86; and "On the Origin of the Soils which Cover the Chalk of Kent, Part 3," ibid., 286-96.
3. "On the Glacial Phenomena in Scotland and Some Parts of England," Edinb. new phil. J., 54 (1853), 229-82.
4. The Darwins left instead for Eastbourne, Brighton, and Hastings on July 14; see "Darwin's Journal," 13.

108. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1854] Feb 18th. [pmk. FE19/ 1854]

ALS; 10 x8; 4p., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ care of H. Murray Esqr/ British Consul/ Santa Cruz/ Teneriffe/ Canary Islands], end. [C. Darwin/ sent to Madeira/ steeper dip of lateral volcc. geoly. than of/ central beds]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters I, 390-92. p. 391, line 1, change "Searle[?]" to "Seale".¹

Note: 1. See Robert F. Seale, The Geognosy of the Island of St. Helena... (London: Ackermann & Co., 1834). Lyell mentions this book in his Elements of Geology, 2nd ed., 2v. (London: John Murray, 1841), II, 227.

109. To [John Stevens] HENSLOW; Down (type 3)

[1854] Nov. 17th. [wmk. 1853]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.127

Printed in full, with minor changes: Nora Barlow, ed., Darwin and Henslow: The Growth of an Idea (London: John Murray, 1967), 172 (letter 78).

110. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1855] Jany 10th [end. Jany 11, 1855; pmk. JA 10/ 55; wmk. 1849]

ALS; 10 x8; 3p. and add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ 53 Harley St/ London], end. [(19) Ch. Darwin/ foliation of gneiss/ Jany 11,/ 1855.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 204-05 (letter 540). At end of letter is: has found [Daniel] Sharpe's paper ["On the Structure of Mont Blanc and Its Environs," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 11 (1855); 11-26]; children are recovering; will take a house in London for four weeks.

111. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 3)

[1855] Jan 14th [wmk. 1949]

ALS; 10 x8; 4p. and sketch

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 205-07 (letter 541). Sketch printed at end of printed letter.

112. To [Charles] LYELL; 27 York Place, Baker St¹

[1855 January 21 or 28, or February 4 or 11] Sunday [wmk. 1853]

ALS; 8 x5; 8p., sketch

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 207-09 (letter 542). Sketch printed in middle of page 208. p. 209, line 10, add: "(Do read this P.S.)".

Note: 1. The Darwins were at this address from January 18 to February 15; see "Darwin's Journal," 14.

113. To [Charles] LYELL; Down.

[1855] May 8th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 153-54 (letter 502).

114. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 3)

[1855] Oct. 25th

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 3p.

B EY83

Crayford is too far away for CD to know anything about "Mrs. Shaw"; glad Eyton is thinking of dogs, an "excellent continuation of your capital Pig-Skeleton researches";¹ impressed by Eyton museum [see DNB, XVIII, 107]; family details; recalls hobby of beetle collecting as a youth.

Note: 1. Eyton, "Some Osteological Peculiarities in Different Skeletons of the Genus Sus," Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 5 (1837): 23.

115. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1855] Nov 4th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Returns two pamphlets¹ by [John] Bachman; surprised at their poor quality and at Bachman's unsubstantiated assertions, but, as [William Henry] Fitton said of [William] Whewell, " `one must make allowance for him [sic] having sworn to what he believes in' "; "It is most useful to see what is said on all sides" and to read "out-of-the-way pamphlets of this nature"; has living pairs of seven or eight kinds of pigeon which shall be observed and then skeletonized; has begun "to cultivate varieties of plants & make hybrids, so that I have entered on my subject in earnest"; invites Lyells to Down to see pigeons; J[ohn William] Lubbock [first Baron Avebury] sent [Joseph Dalton] Hooker's New Zealand Flora² with [Thomas Vernon] Wollaston; please care for these volumes and return them sometime.

Note: 1. Most likely these were: Continuation of the Review of `Nott and Gliddon's Types of Mankind' (Charleston: James, Williams & Gitsinger, 1855); and An Examination of the Characteristics of Genera and Species as Applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race (Charleston: James, Williams & Gitsinger, 1855). See Br. Mus. Cat., IX, 704; see also Cat. scient. Pap., I, 145-46, and VI, 573.
2. The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery-Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843..., Pt. II: Flora Novae-Zelandiae, 2v. (London: Lovell Reeve, 1853-1855).

116. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[1855] Dec. 3d.

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B EY83

Thanks for useful information; is "well in[to] my subject"; has several pigeons in water, plus many alive, and means to get domestic pigeons from all parts of world; delighted that Eyton is at dogs, which will help both CD and "Science"; offers to Eyton the head of a Chinese dog and, if it should die, the carcass of a young, very pure bred German Spitz dog.

117. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[1855] Dec 9th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B EY83

Cannot find dog's head [see preceding letter, above]; thought Eyton had stopped skeletonizing, until Eyton told CD otherwise at [B.A.A.S.] meeting at Glascow [in September, 1855]; "I took to the nice work [skeletonizing of pigeons], first owing to my wish to see how much the young of Pigeons & Poultry differed from the old, & I have a collection in Brine of nestling Pigeons & chickens."; will not do more than give differences in skeletons of pigeons, poultry, covey birds, and rabbits; thanks for offer to lend pigeon skeletons (including "Almond Tumbler"); will not publish "for some years"; [William] Yarrell has done much bone work, has recently showed CD "a lot of breastbones"; CD's practice of buying curious pigeon carcasses from dealers could be used by Eyton for dogs; "A Mr [William Bernhard] Tegetmeier" will publish on skulls of Fowls,¹ recently showed CD a collection and "gave me a small series."

Note: 1. "On the Remarkable Peculiarities in the Skulls of the Feather-crested Variety of the Domestic Fowl, Known as the Polish," Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 24 (1856), 366-68. Read on November 25, 1856; specimens from Eyton's collection were exhibited at that meeting.

118. To [George Henry Kendrick THWAITES]; Down (type 2)

1855 Dec. 10

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.TH

Hopes Thwaites remembers CD from B.A.A.S. meeting at Oxford [1847]; for years, has collected for, and is now preparing, a work on variation of species; wants observations on "any changes in any introduced or feral plants or animals", esp. domesticated pigeons, poultry, ducks, and rabbits; wants all kinds alive, skeletons when dead; is trying especially to get live pigeons from all over world; wants names of pigeon fanciers in Ceylon; wants native names and any remarkable habits of pigeon breeds long kept in Ceylon or imported from anywhere except England; pay a bird skinner ten or fifteen shillings to skin (leaving bones of legs and wings) any old birds of any fancier which happen to die naturally; wants skins of poultry (except silk or black-skinned) or of domestic Ceylonese ducks, if there be any; wants any well-known fancy breed of pigeon (esp. "semi-wild Dove-House Pigeon") if it has been kept in Ceylon for many generations; there are many such in India; apologies for imposition; solicitations over health; "our mutual friend J[oseph Dalton] Hooker" is well.

119. Autographs of Members of "Philosophical Club of Royal Society"

1855 Decr. 20th [wmk. 1855]

DS; approx. 13 x8; 2p.

B P212

Signatures on one side, minutes of the meeting for this date in pencil on the other side, plus title of the document; CD has signed "Mr. Darwin"; all else is in the hands of others.

120. To [?Henry DENNY]; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1855-1861]¹ March 23d [1865]

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B D25.71

Thanks for answer to letter of 28 January; sorry corr. could not observe lice from domestic animals from distant lands; interested in aperea, had concluded that aperea was not progenitor of guinea pigs; does not know what corr. means by "stock-dove"; orders would probably be issued if corr. wrote to Council of Zoological Society, but corr. would have to visit the Gardens frequently to see that orders were carried out; still, corr. would get specimens this way; [Philip Lutley] Sclater would be interested in the birds.

Note: 1. Type of Down address variant used was employed from 1843 to 1846 and from 1855 to 1861. CD did not know enough about pigeons in the earlier period to have written the highly technical treatment of the stock dove that is in this letter.

121. To [John Maurice] HERBERT; Down (type 2)

[?1856] Jan. 2d. [wmk. 1855]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

B D25.H

Thanks for book of poetry; "I shall keep to my dying day an unfading remembrance of the many pleasant hours (especially at Barmouth)¹ which we have spent together"; is permanently ill, so cannot visit; other family details.

Note: 1. See: Life and Letters I, 165-66; and "Darwin's Journal," 6.

122. To [John] PHILLIPS; Down (type 2)

[?1856] Jan. 18th

ALS; 8 x5; 8p.

B D25.123 no. 3

Recommends reading of the discussion on cleavage and foliation in chapter VI of Darwin, South America (1846); skim page 140, but concluding remarks are on page 162; see also pages 144, 147, 157, 159, and 163, concerning confused cleavages and irregular strikes of foliation at crosses of geological series; cleavage distinct from stratification; "rocks which have been liquified by heat, sometimes have their crystallized materials so arranged, as almost to deserve to be called foliated..."; see also example in CD's description of the Falkland Islands,¹ pages 270-71; existence of grauwacke with clay-slates is perplexing, since clay-slate is apparently formed in deep and tranquil seas; could pressure which causes cleavage and movement along cleavage planes also break up rock, mingle varieties [of rocks] together "like fragments of ice in a glacier," and subsequently re-cement these fragments together; offers copies of the three volumes of Darwin, Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle.²

Note: 1. "On the Geology of the Falkland Islands," Q. Jl. geol. Soc. Lond., 2 (1846): 267-74.
2. See also John Phillips, "Report on Cleavage and Foliation in Rocks, and on the Theoretical Explanations of these Phaenomena--Part I," Rep. Br. Ass. Advmt Sci., 26 (1856): pt. 1, 369-96.

123. To [Walter] ELLIOT; Down (type 2)

1856 Jan. 23.

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.161

Reminds Elliot of their acquaintance at [the B.A.A.S. meeting of 1855 in] Glasgow; wants some items which they discussed then, viz. measurements of differences in proportions of tigers, and remarks on domestic Pigeons "(& Poultry?)" which are extracted from "some work in an Eastern language"; will consult Ayin Akbaree¹ at the India House; is collecting domestic pigeons and poultry, wants Elliot to obtain a bird skinner to provide Indian skins of old, representative specimens of pigeons and poultry long bred in India, esp. tumblers and carriers; gives instructions for preparation of skins; apologies for imposition.

Note: 1. Abu al-Fadhl ibn Mubarak, al-Hindi, Ayeen Akbery; or, The Institutes of the Emperor Akber, 2v., trans. from the original Persian by Francis Gladwin (London: J. Sewell, etc., 1800), esp. I, 270. See also Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 205 and 205n.

124. To Mrs. [Katherine Murray Horner] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] Jan 26th [pmk. JA27/ 1856; wmk. 1855]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p. and env., add. [Mrs Lyell/ 14 Queens Road/ Gloucester Gate/ Regents Park/ London.]

B D25.L1

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, I, 84-85 (letter 42). p. 85, line 11, illegible word is "rumour". At end of letter is: remembrances to husband, Colonel [Henry] Lyell.

125. To [George Henry Kendrick THWAITES]; Down (type 2)

1856 March 8th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Hopes Thwaites will publish his "facts on variation," esp. "particulars in regard to the species from different elevations, which show different degrees of capacity for cultivation at a new level"; [Joseph Dalton] Hooker has published a similar case with Himalaya rhododendrons;¹ regarding distribution of alpine plants, is there anything new concerning comparison between vegetation at the greater heights in Ceylon and alpine vegetation in the Himalaya, Neilgherries [i.e. Nilgiris, in southern India], or other maountains; do introduced and recently naturalized plants vary much in Ceylon; "The course of my work makes me more & more sceptical on the eternal immutability of species; yet the difficulties on the other theory of common descent seems to me frightfully great. In my work, which I shall not publish for 2 or 3 or perhaps more years; it is my intention to give, as far as I can & that will be very imperfectly, all the arguments & facts on both sides of the case, stating which side seems to me to preponderate."; wants pigeon skins from Ceylon; prefers to work carefully at varieties of a few animals than to compile brief notices on all domestic breeds; "I have now all English breeds of Pigeons alive, & am carefully observing them, making skeletons & crossing them."; wants ducks, rabbits, and poultry; Dr. [Edward Frederick] Kelaert [i.e. Kelaart] will help with poultry; apologies for imposition, "when a beggar once begins to beg he never knows when to stop!"

Note: 1. "On the Climate and Vegetation of the Temperate and Cold Regions of East Nepal and the Sikkim Himalaya Mountains," Jl R. hort. Soc., 7 (1852): 69-131. See also Darwin, Origin (1859), 140.

126. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] April 21st

ALS; 6p. @ 8 x5, 2p. @ 3 1/4 x8; 8p., 3 sketches

B D25.L

Lyell's case of lava beds passing into vertical columns is most perplexing, but is a "very important & extraordinary fact," and, as Lyell states, is a strong argument against "upheavement" as a cause of an angle of, say, twelve degrees, since lava columns could not have been formed at an inclination and then shifted to the vertical; lava must still have been moving downward when shrinkage produced columns; ask [William] Hopkins on this; thinks Hopkins or [Edward] Forbes has published a sketch of this phenomenon; has seen lava columns; suspects a similar process in glaciers; Lyell's Madeira expedition [in late 1853] was interesting.

127. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] May 3d.

ALS; 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 67-68. At beginning of letter is: thanks for letter; wishes Lyell had discussed further the lava columns [see previous letter, above]; has kept list of land shells, has made corrections, and is surprised by Lyell's knowledge; will borrow [Oswald] Heer, [?Ueber die Haus-Ameise Madeira's (Zürich: n.p., 1852)] while Lyell is abroad; Lyell's cases of transportal "beat all that I have ever heard...& if any body had put such cases hypothetically I shd have laughed at them"; Colymbetes [water beetle] flew on board Beagle 45 miles from land, which surprised [Thomas Vernon] Wollaston; Wollaston and others were at Down; "Wollaston strikes me as quite a first-rate man & very nice & pleasant into the bargain. It is really striking (but almost laughable to me) to notice the change in [Joseph Dalton] Hooker's & [Thomas Henry] Huxley's opinions on species during the last few years."

128. To Dr. [Henry Ambrose] OLDFIELD; Down (type 2)

[1856] May 10th [end. Ansd. May 15.56; pmk. MY11/ 1856]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [Dr. Oldfield/ 8 Gloucester Gardens/ Gloucester Terrace/ Hyde Park/ London.--], end. [Ansd. May 15.56.]

B D25.235

[William Sandys Wright] Waux referred CD to Oldfield because Oldfield once remarked that dogs represented in Assyrian drawings were like the Thibetan [i.e. Tibetan] dogs familiar to Oldfield in Nepaul [i.e. Nepal]; as CD is interested in ancient history of domesticated animals, does Oldfield think this resemblance close; describes resemblances and differences suspected; wants data on other breeds of dogs, poultry, fancy pigeons, and rabbits in Nepal; is collecting pigeons from all over world.

129. To [Samuel Pickworth WOODWARD]; Down (type 2)

[1856]¹ June 3d.

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.140

Has just finished [Woodward's] book,² has derived "much solid instruction & interest" from it; has written down some questions which he will ask in person when in London in about a fortnight.

Note: 1. See Life and Letters II, 73.
2. A Manual of the Mollusca; or, Rudimentary Treatise of Recent and Fossil Shells (London: J. Weale, 1851-1856). Published in three parts, in 1851, 1853, and 1856; issued thereafter as a single volume.

130. To [William Darwin] FOX; Down (type 2)

[?1856] June 4th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.¹

B D25.149

Thanks for "a Forking Cock, more like an ostrich than a simple fowl".

Note: 1. On same sheet is a two-page letter from Mrs. Fox to her husband.

131. To [Charles] LYELL; Down

[1856 June] 16th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 72. At end of letter is: "When you go abroad you are to lend me [?Philip Barker] Webb. & [Oswald] Heer, & can you add [Matthew Fontaine] Maury [the elder] ocean chart; [Samuel Pickworth] Woodward had it some time ago.

132. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] Jun 25th. [end. 25 June. 1856]

Partially ALS and partially LS; 13 x8.25 5p. and env., end. [(119)/ C. Darwin/ 25 June. 1856/ On reasons for doubting the/ Atlantis/ & continental extension theory/ in the Recent Period.]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 74-78. p. 76, line 4, questionable word is "Silla". p. 76, line 23, add "are" after "such". p. 77, line 4, change "Lowe" to "Low". p. 77, line 12, pluralize "formation".

133. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] July 5th [end. July 5, 1856]

Partially ALS and partially LS; 13 x8.25 3p. and fragment of env., end. [C. Darwin/ July 5, 1856/ Continental Extension./ Volcanos whether in/ areas of elevation or/ of subsidence.]

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, II, 135-37 (letter 489). p. 135, line 12, questionable word is "extensions". p. 136, line 31, add: local volcanic subsidence caused by shrinking of great volcanic piles is supported by frequent coincidence of volcanic tertiary streams and lakes or fresh water beds. At end of this portion is: CD's vague ideas on this subject are worthless; CD's ideas are not dogmatic.
Next portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 71. At end of this portion is: shall not attempt to write a history of the subject, but did mention Lyell's Principles [of Geology..., 3v. (London: John Murray, 1830-1833)]; will want Lyell to look over what CD will write about the Principles.

134. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1856] July 8th [end. July 8, 1856.]

ALS; 8 x5; 8p. and env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ 53. Harley St/ London.], end. [C. Darwin/ continental extensions/ July 8. 1856.]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 427-28 (letter 327). Small portion also printed in Life and Letters II, 78.

135. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 3)

[?1856] Augt 21st

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B EY83

Has been reading Eyton on pigs ["Some Osteological Peculiarities in Different Skeletons of the Genus Sus"], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., [5 (1837): 23]; are offspring of cross between African and common pigs fertile; if Eyton does not know answer, ask Lord [Rowland] Hill; were Hill's African pigs domesticated; from where in Africa do they come; has pigeon skeletons for "every breed alive", but has not compared them yet; will need Eyton's help when he does; is compiling "Book on Variation" [i.e. Darwin, "Natural Selection"], but finds it slow work; family details.

136. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[?1856 August] 27th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B EY83

Excuse this additional note; thinks Eyton has studied Herefordshire cattle;¹ believes there are two strains of this breed that can be distinguished by color on face; are there other distinguishing characters besides color?

Note: 1. Eyton, The Herd Book of Hereford Cattle, 2v. (London: Longman and Co., 1846-1853).

137. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[?1856] Aug. 31st

ALS; 8 x5; 10p.

B EY83

Thanks for note and promise of more information on pigs; is collecting pig jaws to test [Johann Matthaus] Bechstein's assertion that number of incisors varies greatly in domestic pigs; can Eyton confirm this; approves of illustrations in Eyton's "Stud Book" [i.e. The Herd Book of Hereford Cattle; see previous letter, above], returns plates with thanks; after Writing, found source of his ideas, viz. Q. Rev., 1849, page 392, mentioning split in Herefordshire breed;¹ would like to mention this in [Darwin, "Natural Selection"] as a rare instance of the documentation of the origin of "even a sub-breed of a sub-breed"; will also refer to Eyton; comments on Eyton's birds; will quote Eyton's case of geese;² did Eyton breed the "grandchildren geese"; has been inquiring in India on same subject; one of most troublesome problems is distribution mechanism for species on distant islands; has tried resistance of seeds in sea water; check to see if dirt sticks to feet of birds;³ check possibility of seed dispersion through pellets thrown up by owls or hawks; send contents of stomachs of dace and other white fish eaten by birds, so that CD can sow seeds contained therein; if Eyton collects cat skeletons, C[harles] Lyell has an odd Persien carcass and CD knows of another odd specimen; "I have put your words, that you like hearing from old naturalist friends, to a severe test."

Note: 1. CD here refers to an enonymous review of Henry Stephens, The Book of the Farm..., 2nd ed., 2v. (Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood and Sons, 1849), to be found in Q. Rev., 84 (1848-1849): 389-424.
2. Eyton, "Remarks on the Skeletons of the Common Tame Goose, the Chinese Goose, and the Hybrid between the Two," Mag. nat. Hist., 4 (1840): 90-92.
3. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 358-63ff; and Peckham, Variorum Origin, 575-79.

138. To [Josephus Augustinus Hubertus de BOSQUET, of Maestricht]; Down (type 3)

[1856]¹ Sept. 9th

Portion of AL; 7 3/4 x5; 4p., and portion of ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 2p.

B D25.28

Portion of AL is: thanks for letter; CD "astonished & delighted at your discovery of a Cretacean chthamalus", a curious, publishable discovery; usually does not believe in negative evidence, but deviated with sessile cirripedes (see Darwin, Fossil Lepadidae, 5), and now Bosquet's discovery proves CD wrong to deviate; cautions Bosquet against "ever presuming to say when a new group first...appeared"; on structure of recent chthamalus, see Darwin, Recent Balanidae, 39; see also page 172 on non-existence of extinct Chthamalinae; drawings sent by Bosquet are beautiful; has been "so hard at work for two years at other subjects that cirripedes are gone rather out of my head, which could never boast of a good memory"; compliments Bosquet's ability; Lithotrya specimen must exhibit serrations, important for burrowing, on upper scales of peduncle (see Darwin, Recent Balanidae [sic; Recent Lepadidae] plate VIII, figure 3d); thus tergal margin of scutum in Bosquet's figure 1 seems too simple for Lithotrya; thinks Bosquet's figure 2 is a carina. Portion of ALS is: skins could be sent through a bookseller; wants "one of your good Carriers (old Cock bird) skinned"; wants estimate of speed at which carriers fly long distances (e.g. 200-400 miles); hopes specimens arrive safely.

Note: 1. See More Letters, I, 97 (letter 51); also, CD stopped working on cirripedes in 1854, so he would be two years into another subject, as he claimed in this letter, in 1856.

139. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[1856]¹ Oct. 5th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B EY83

Does Eyton want a skin, with skull and limbs, of the standard type of country dog in West Africa, sent by Dr. [William Freeman] Daniell, who lives in Sierra Leone; if so, tell CD if skull has any peculiarities; after writing the "long troublesome letter" [see letter of August 31, 1856, above], CD decided to experiment on hawk pellets in Zoological Gardens; others are observing partridge feet; recently found eleven grains of earth on one bird; awaits word both on [Johann Batthaus] Bechstein's claim about incisors of pigs and on origin of Lord [Rowland] Hill's crossed African pig [see letters of August 21 and 31, 1856, above]; supposes Eyton discontinued cross of geese [see letter of August 31, 1856, above]; is using Eyton's papers.

Note: 1. CD's experiments on hawks in the Zoological Gardens were conducted in October, 1856; see Life and Letters II, 86.

140. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2) (black border)¹

[1856] Nov. 10th

ALS; 4p. @ 7.25 x4.5, 1p. @ 8 x5; 5p.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 85. At beginning of this portion is: is answering Lady [Mary Elizabeth Horner] Lyell's note to Emma [Wedgwood Darwin, CD's wife], since writing is an exertion for the latter;² sorry that Mrs. [Leonard] Horner [nee Lloyd] is ill; had planned on visiting Lyell in London, but shall not do so until January, owing to wife's condition; last week [November 6], CD's aunt, [Sarah Elizabeth] Wedgwood, died at Down; supposes Lyell's Madeira paper is ready.
Second portion printed; with minor changes: More Letters, I, 97 (letter 51).

Note: 1. See Emma Darwin, II, 176-77, for death of Sarah Wedgwood.
2. See ibid., 178, for CD's wife's confinement.

141. To Lady [Harriet Hotham] LUBBOCK; Down.

[?1856 December 8] Monday

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.103

Thanks for offer of help, but CD's wife is "going on perfectly well", and as Etty [i.e. CD's daughter Henrietta] is ill and Miss Thorley [governess] is gone, CD's sons should stay at home; "We have now half-a-dozen Boys".¹

Note: 1. This is obviously a roundabout way of announcing the birth of the sixth son to CD's neighbor; December 8, 1856, was the first Monday after the sixth son's birth. See Emma Darwin, II, 178.

142. To [Thomas William St. Clair DAVIDSON]; Down (type 2)

[1856]¹ Dec. 23d

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.237

Wants facts showing that "a variable species is or is not equally variable at all times & places"; thinks [Davidson's] "profound knowledge of Brachiopoda" should provide examples of such facts; has discussed this subject with the late E[dward] Forbes and with [Samuel Pickworth] Woodward.

Note: 1. Date for this letter determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University.

143. To [Edgar Leopold LAYARD]; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1856-1860]¹ June 8th

ALS;² 8 x5; 6p.

B D25.129

Thanks for letter; Layard's Madagascar expedition should yield odd domestic animals; are hybrid cats fertile;³ wants confirmation of [Martin Heinrich Carl] Licktenstein's [sic; Lichtenstein's] assertion⁴ that the domestic dog, similar to C[anis] mesomelas, which is kept by the natives is sometimes crossed profitably with wild species; do promiscuously-crossed mongrel dogs tend toward an ideal type; did Mr. Fry's feral pigeons from Ascension have black bars on wing and white rumps, or were they checkered like common dovecot pigeon; did Fry ever see a North African greyhound with short, curly tail, as pictured by ancients, but which CD doubts;⁵ wants specimens of pigeons, ducks, and poultry with "very slight differences"; such differences interest CD "greatly"; doubts that a general synopsis of seafowl exists, but shall check in London.

Note: 1. Layard left for South Africa in 1855; CD started using the Bromley address in late 1855, and 1856 was the first June in which he did so. CD published Variation under Domestication, containing material received most certainly in reply to this letter, in 1868; CD stopped using the written Bromley address in about April, 1861, meaning that June, 1860, was the last June in which this address was used.
2. Accompanying this letter are two scraps, one with "Charles Darwin/ Down, Kent/ March 19th, 1873.--" in CD's hand, the other with two or three illegible words, not in CD's hand.
3. See Darwin, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 44.
4. Lichtenstein, Travels in Southern Africa..., trans. from German by Anne Plumptre, 2v. (London: 1812-1815), II, 272. See also Darwin, op. cit., I, 25.
5. See Darwin, op. cit., I, 17-18, 44, 185f, and 238n.

144. To?; Down (type 2)

[?ca. 1857]¹ Jany. 4th.

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.45

Thanks for note; information corr. will obtain from [Marie Jean Pierre] Flourens will be valuable;² has sent Darwin, Journal of Researches [?(1852)] through Williams and Norgate [booksellers]; work on variation will not be published for some years; "I have much to observe, & am keeping for this purpose all the varieties of Pigeons, Poultry, Ducks &c."

Note: 1. Date determined by Sydney Smith, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge University.
2. See, perhaps, Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection, 456 and 456n.

145. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1857] Feb. 11 [end. Feb. 13, 1857]

ALS; 8 x5; 7p. and fragment of env., end. [C. Darwin/ On instruction for Explo-/ring ship Novara./ Feb. 13. 1857]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 93-94. p. 94, lines 3/4, change "Cocos so near" to "[Cocos Is(land) mass?]". p. 94, line 11, change "one" to "n[orth]." p. 94, line 22, pluralize "Island" and change "has" to "have". At end of letter is: "I have just had Helix Pomatia quite alive & hearty after 20 days under sea-water; & this same individual about six-weeks ago had a [salt-water] bath of 7 days.¹ P.S. I have really nothing to suggest to Mr. [David] Forbes.² I am delighted to hear about the Coal Plant & Purbeck Fossils.³"

Note: 1. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 397.
2. Forbes invested in a South American mining company and toured South America from 1857 to 1860 in the company's behalf looking for nickel; Lyell probably asked CD for any advice he might have had for Forbes.
3. See Lyell, Principles of Geology..., 2v., 11th ed. (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1873), I, 159n.

146. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[?1857] June 9th

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B EY83

Thanks for sheets that complete Eyton's catalogue; is astounded at Eyton's "superb collection"; fears Eyton was unable to check fertility of Lord [Rowland] Hill's African pigs [see letters of August 21 and October 5, 1856, above]; how goes the work on skeletons of dogs; presumes Eyton does not want skin of West African domestic dog [see letter of October 5, 1856, above]; if Eyton breeds horses, CD wants observations from him on coloring of colts; do convolutions in the trachea of males of a single species of bird ever vary much?

147. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Moor Park, Farnham, Surrey

[?1857 June]¹ 26th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B EY83

Thanks for letter and for reference on hybrid; line on growth of bones of birds is new and interesting; ill, but makes "steady progress in my Book on Variation of Species & on domestic varieties"; watch in Ireland or elsewhere for horses or ponies with bars on legs, as with zebra, or on shoulder and along back, as with ass.²

Note: 1. The only two years in which CD both worked on his big book (i.e. Stauffer, ed., CD's Nat. Selection) and visited Moor Park on the twenty-sixth of the month were 1857 and 1858; see "Darwin's Journal," 14. I am guessing at June, 1857, because of the earlier letter to Eyton on June 9, 1857 (above), and because I believe this is the best candidate date for Eyton to have told CD about the growth of bones of birds.
2. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 163-67.

148. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2)

[ca. 1857]¹ 22nd

ALS; 8 x5; 1p.

B D25.47

Will send the West African dog skin in the evening; [William Freeman] Daniell assured CD that "it was a very characteristic specimen of the pure native dog of Sierra Leone".

Note: 1. See previous reference to this skin in CD to Eyton, June 9, [?1857], above.

149. To [J. Brodie] INNES; no location

[?1857] Wednesday

ALS; 4 3/4 x8; 1p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.179

Read the enclosed,¹ pages 38 to 91; "[Karl Theodor Ernst] Von Siebold is about the most careful & profound naturalist in Europe."; found in the book facts such as those requested from Innes regarding bees.

Note: 1. Siebold, "True Parthogenesis in the Honey-Bee," in On a True Parthenogenesis in Moths and Bees; A Contribution to the History of Reproduction in Animals, tr. by William S. Dallas (London: J. Van Voorst, 1857), 38-91.

150. To [George Henry Kendrick THWAITES]; Down (type 2)

[1858] Feby. 7th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.TH

Thanks for letter of December 28, with information on resistance of plants to Ceylonese climate and on acclimatization of plants to differing elevations; will quote Thwaites about several species having both alpine and lowland forms and about some having and some not having intermediate varieties;¹ is it the lowland forms that have much smaller and more numerous flowers with longer, narrower, and less coriaceous leaves; disbelieves, as does [Joseph Dalton] Hooker, the idea that alpine forms have the character of "hariness [?i.e. hairiness]", so is glad that Thwaites does not mention this trait; "I was lately struck by a remark in U[nited] States Naturalist, namely that introduced or naturalised plants at first overrun the whole country, & then in some degree diminish in numbers.... I can see some likely causes of error in the...remark, & yet the fact in itself seems probable.";² suggests the cultivation of alpine forms in the low country so as to abserve "changes in successive generations."

Note: 1. See Darwin, Origin (1959), 140.
2. Ibid., 64-65.

151. To [Charles] LYELL; Moor Park, Farnham/ Surrey

[1858] Ap. 26th [end. April 25th/ 1858]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p., end. [April 25th/ 1858]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 112-13.

152. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1858 June] 18th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 116-17.

153. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1858 June 25] Friday [end. received/ 29 June 1858/ 59: wmk. 1855]

ALS; 8 x5; 8p., end. [received/ 29 June 1858/ 59]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 117-18. p. 117, line 5, add: "I shd. not have sent off your letter without further reflexion, for I am at present quite upset, but write now to get subject for time out of mind. But I confess it never did occur to me, as it ought, that [Alfred Russel] Wallace could have made any use of your letter." p. 117, line 12, underline "extremely" once and "now" twice. p. 117, line 21, add: "I do not in least believe that that [sic] he originated his views from anything which I wrote to him." p. 118, line 14, add: CD's baby has scarlet fever; Etty [i.e. Henrietta Emma Darwin Litchfield] is weak but recovering.

154. To [Charles] LYELL; Down.

[1858 June] 26th [wmk. 1855]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 118-19. At end of letter is: Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] and CD thank Lady [Mary Elizabeth Horner] L[yell] for note; Etty [see previous letter, above] is weak; baby is feverish; three children in Down have died of scarlet fever.

155. To Charles LYELL; King's Head Hotel/ Sandown/ Isle of Wight (black border)¹

[1858] July 18th [end. July 18 1858; pmk. JY 18/ 58]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. and env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ 53 Harley St/ London/ W.], end. [C. Darwin/ July 18 1858/ My Etna paper & theory/ of craters of Elevatn./ C.D.'s work on Species at/ Linn. Socy.]

B D25.L

First portion printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, II, 137 (letter 490).
Next portion printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 129-30.

Note: 1. CD's son, Charles Waring Darwin, died on June 28, 1858; see "Darwin's Journal," 14.

156. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Norfolk House/ Shanklin/ I. of Wight (black border)

[1858] Aug. 4th

ALS; 7 x4.5 4p.

B EY83

Thanks for note and for reference; glad to hear of Eyton's two publications; thinks that on bird skeletons will be "laborious";¹ just before leaving Down, CD arranged skeletons of pigeons preparatory to comparison; may consult Eyton on this; is "drawing up a long abstract [later to become Darwin, Origin (1859)] on my notions about Species & Varieties, to be read in parts before Linnean Soc[iet]y"; abstract will be published "late in the autumn"; "My bigger Book [i.e. Darwin, Natural Selection] will not be out for some two or three years."

Note: 1. See Eyton, A Catalogue of the Skeletons of Birds in His Possession (London: n.p., 1858).

157. To [John] PHILLIPS; Down (type 2) (black border)

[1858] Sept. 1 [wmk. 1858]

ALS; 7 x4.5 3p.

B D25.123

Has just heard that he (CD) is advertised for presidency of Zoological Section of the B.A.A.S.; must decline position for reasons of health; also, cannot attend [B.A.A.S. meeting] at Leeds [on September 22]; lost no time in informing Phillips of "this mistake".

158. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2) (black border)

[1858] Oct. 4th [wmk. 1858]

ALS; 7 x4.5 7p.

B EY83

Thanks for note; sorry to miss [B.A.A.S. meeting at] Leeds [on September 22]; Eyton's skeleton collection is "splendid"; sees that Eyton is publishing on oysters;¹ will keep Eyton's letter with list of skeletons for future reference; is done with domestic pigeon skeletons and with a monograph on their history, variation, etc., totaling four or five pages, which CD would like to send to Eyton for criticism, along with the few bones which show any diversity; must learn names of some bones from [Hugh] Falconer; on advice of [Charles] Lyell and [Joseph Dalton] Hooker, is preparing abstract of conclusions [Darwin, Origin (1859)] "to be published as small book or read before Linn[ean] Society, & this will for some months stop my regular work. The work is too great for me, but if I live I will finish it: indeed three-fourths is done."; what colors of sire and dam will throw a dun colored horse; what is color, at birth, of colt which will turn into dun; did Eyton ever see an ass with double shoulder stripes on both shoulders; Col[onel] Ham[ilton Charles] Smith has heard of such.²

Note: 1. Eyton, A History of the Oyster and the Oyster Fisheries (London: J. Van Voorst, 1858).
2. See: Darwin, Origin (1859), 163-67; and idem, Variation under Domestication (1868), I, 55-64.

159. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Down (type 2) (black border)

[?1858]¹ Oct. 11 [wmk. 1857]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 3p.

B EY83

In muddy weather, does any dirt cling to the feet of the partridge pheasant or any other birds, especially waders; has some cases of such, but supposes it is rare; case concerns distribution of plants with small seeds; cut off any dirt-clogged feet and send them to CD.

Note: 1. Watermark provides lower endpoint for date. Upper endpoint of 1858 assumed because this topic is discussed in Darwin, Origin (1859), pages 362-63ff. which CD had finished proofing before October 11, 1859 (see "Darwin's Journal," 15). Year of 1858 chosen over 1857 because of black border on stationery.

160. To James EGAN; Down (type 2)

[1858] Nov. 8th. [pmk. NO 9/ 58]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [M. James Egan/ Hotel Queen of England/ Pesth/ Austria/ via Belgium.]

B D25.212

Has seen Egan's article in Gardeners' Chronicle (edited by [John] Lindley, a friend of CD), and knows that Egan is a member of an agricultural society; do Hungarian horses frequently have a dark stripe down the spine, sometimes also a stripe (sometimes double) on the shoulders (as on the ass), and sometimes cross stripes on the legs; do such stripes occur frequently on the shoulders, on the front or on the hind legs, or on both; what color are horses with such stripes; are stripes plainer in the foal or in full-grown horse; in England, stripes are on duns, but CD unsure of the color of the parents of these duns.

161. To J[ames] EGAN; Down (type 2)

[1858] Nov. 25th [pmk. NO25/ 58]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and env., add. [Mr. J. Egan/ Hotel Queen Victoria/ Pesth/ Austria]

B D25.213

Thanks for prompt inquiries and reply concerning striped horses [see previous letter, above]; would appreciate any other information, esp. regarding the foal; [John] Lindley [editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle] would like to hear occasionally from Egan on Hungarian horticulture and on "the climate which produces the Tokay wine & fine Hungarian tobacco."

162. To [Walter ELLIOT]; Down (type 2)

[1858] Decr. 12th

ALS; 8 x5; 4p., end. [Charles Darwin/ Abt Kabutar namah¹/ & marks on Horses.]

B D25.162

Thanks for note of October 28, for poultry paper, and for treatise on pigeons: treatise shows some specimens sont to CD by Elliot to be nearly a century old; treatise shows difference between an Oriental and a European mind; belated thanks for the [Kasoon?]² fowls; all CD's fowls are in hands of "a very skilful man," [William Bernhard] Tegetmeier, for description, and shall be deposited in British Museum; glad Elliot is joining Linnean Society [elected January 20, 1859]; is willing to sign Elliot's membership certificate; has Elliot seen stripes on backs, shoulders, and legs of horses and on legs of donkeys; asks for specific details about horses with stripes.

Note: 1. "Kabutar namah" is Hindustani for "pigeon reverence" or "pigeon salutation".
2. "Kaseen" may be CD's spelling of the Hindustani "kashin", which means "large" or "copious". See Duncan Forbes, A Dictionary, Hindustani and English..., new edition (London: Wm. H. Allen & Co., 1859).

163. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] March 28th [wmk. 1857]

ALS; 4p. and enc. @ 8 x5, 2p. @ 6.25 x3 3/4; 6p. and 1p. enc.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes; Life and Letters II, 151-52. Enclosure printed on page 152.

164. To Ch[arles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] March 30th [end. March 30/ 1859; pmk. MR31/ 59]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p. and env., add. [Sir Ch. Lyell/ 53 Harley St/ London/ W.], end. [C. Darwin/ March 30/ Origin/ Of Species/ 1859]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions; Life and Letters II, 152-53. At end of letter is; Emma [Wedgwood Darwin] goes to London for two or three days on Friday [April 1] and will visit Lyells on Saturday morning.

165. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] June 21st

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes; Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 159.

166. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859 June]¹ 28th

ALS; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.L1

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 125 (letter 77).

Note: 1. This month and year were provided without explanation or justification with the printed version. The month might be a bit early in the year.

167. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] Sept. 2d.

ALS; 10 x8; 4p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised,¹ 1888), II, 163-65. p. 163, line 3, missing name is "Emma [Wedgwood Darwin]". At end of letter is: whole family is ill; when proofs are finished (14 or 20 days), will leave for two months of hydropathy and rest; regards to wife; "I have read some of [Joseph Dalton] Hooker's Introduction to Australian Flora,² & he gives up species in grand style."; "I enclose P.S. of letter from [Alfred Russel] Wallace lately received."

Note: 1. The first portion of the letter is also omitted in the first edition.
2. The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of N.M. Discovery-Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843..., Pt. III: Flora Tasmaniae, 2v. (London: Lovell Reeve, 1860), I, i-cxxviii. This "Introductory Essay" is dated "November, 4, 1859" on page cxxviii; it was reprinted separately in 1859, and portions of it appeared in some contemporary journals. In it, Hooker announced his acceptance of CD's theory of evolution by natural selection.

168. To Miss BUTLER; Down (type 2)

[1859]¹ Sept. 11th

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 4p.

B D25.50

Hears that Butler is wandering about Scotland, so presumes she cannot go to Ilkley, but invites her anyway, since CD may not be able to take family; "It would be...terrible to go into that great place & not know a soul. But if you were there I should feel safe & home-like."; CD's book [Origin (1859)] is so nearly finished that he "shall be a free man at the end of this month"; thinks he will be in Ilkley for three or four weeks, followed by a week or so in Down and then a few weeks at Moor Park.

Note: 1. CD's only visit to Ilkley occurred in 1859; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.

169. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] Sept 20th

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 8p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 166-67. At end of letter is: ill; leaves for Ilkley on October 3 [sic; October 2], by which time CD will have finished the "last revises [of the proofs of Origin (1859)], index & all"; fears it is too late for the whale correction, but has written to inquire about it;¹ "In Lecture to R[oyal] I[nstitution] [Richard] Owen showed that he believed in whale."

Note: 1. See Darwin, Origin (1859), 303-04; cf. ibid. (1860), 304. Apparently Lyell's claim about a whale fossil in the greensand was incorrect, so CD had it removed.

170. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] Sept. 25th

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 168-69. p. 168, line 1, add: "The sheet with the whale-case has been printed off." p. 169, line 15, change "Chapter VIII" to "Ch. XIII". At end of letter is: leaves for Ilkley on September 29, arriving October 1; remembrances to Lyell's wife.

171. To Charles LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859] Sept. 30th [end. Sept. 1859; pmk. SE23/ 59]

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 7p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ Shielhill/ Kirriemuir/ Scotland], end. [C. Darwin/ finding out what the problems/ were to be solved more/ difficult than solution/ Sept. 1859]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 169-71.

172. To [Charles] LYELL; Ilkley Wells House/ Otley, Yorkshire

[1859] Oct. 11th

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 22p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 208-15. p. 213, line 11, add: on primrose and cowslip, has whole case written out in eight to ten pages; evidence bears out CD's conclusions; had experimented on this, but illness stopped the work; suggests that [Charles James Fox] Bunbury perform experiments, gives instructions for same; "I am assured if you sow lots of Polyanthus seed (but then these ought to have been secured from cross, & if starved plants the better) & sown in poor soil, you will get sometimes primroses & [other times] cowslips." p. 214, line 30, underline twice the "per-" in "perverted".

173. To Charles LYELL; Wells Terrace/ Ilkley Otley/ Yorkshire

[1859] Oct. 20th [end. Oct. 20th 1859; pmk. OC20/ 59]

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 8p. and env., add. [Sir Charles Lyell/ at C.J.F. Bunbury's Esqr/ Mildenhall[suffolk], end. [C. Darwin, Oct. 20th 1859/ "Creation." & archetypal creature/ Selection sufficient./ Droughts do not annihilate/ species.]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 173-75.

174. To [Charles] LYELL; Wells Terrace/ Ilkley, Otley/ Yorkshire

[1859] Oct. 25th

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 8p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 176-77. At beginning of letter is: gives "very hypothetical" doctrine of [Peter Simon] Pallas as it applies to domestic dogs, viz. that present races of domestic dogs were produced by domestication of wolf in one country, of fox in another, etc., and by subsequent crossing; American dogs have descended from three or four "aboriginally distinct" species, and Europeans from several others; "We believe that all canine species have descended from one parent"; unclear whether all or only some differences in present breeds originated since domestication; importance of period of gestation has been exaggerated; races of man a great difficulty; does not believe Pallas's or [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz's claim that there are several species of man; [Sepoy] mutiny in India "stopped some important enquiries" about man; "I do not attribute much effect to climate &c."; some plants migrated through tropical lowlands during the glacial period; is lame; hopes H[enry] Holland will not review [Origin (1859)] in Q. Rev. because Holland "is so presumptuous & knows so little."

175. To [Charles] LYELL; Wells Terrace, Ilkley Otley Y[orkshire]

[1859 October] 31st Monday

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 127-28 (letter 80).

176. To [Charles] LYELL; Ilkley Wells./ Otley Yorkshire

[1859] Nov. 23d

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 228-30.

177. To [Thomas Campbell] EYTON; Ilkley Wells House/ Otley, Yorkshire

[1859?November] 24th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 2p.

B EY83

Thanks for note; CD's book [Origin (1859)] will "horrify & disgust" Eyton; "several high authorities" approved of CD's theories "far more... than I expected"; would like book to which Eyton refers; admires Eyton's zeal in going to Hythe to drill.

178. To [Charles] LYELL; Ilkley Wells House/ Otley Yorkshire

[1859 November] 24th [wmk. 59?]

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p. and 1p. enc.

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 233-34. The enclosure reads: "Erasmus [Darwin] says about my Book [Origin (1859)] `In fact the a priori reasoning is so entirely satisfactory to me, that if the facts wont fit in, why so much the worse for the facts is my feeling.'!" It is printed on page 233.

179. To [Charles] LYELL; Ilkley Wells House/ Otley, Yorkshire

[1859 November] 25th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 235-36. p. 235, line 3, add: has added a sentence on pheasants crossing;¹ has discussed this fully in [Darwin, Natural Selection]; pheasant species mentioned by CD undoubtedly blend by crossing, but CD is unsure whether the crosses are "quite fertile" inter se; cannot say more on this or on mistaken instincts because MS is at Down; would tell of blunder regarding instinct of wood ant, but the story is too long.

Note: 1. Compare Darwin, Origin (1859), 253, to ibid. (1860), 253. Or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 433; the added sentence is numbered "69.1:b".

180. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1859 November] 29th

AL, S by init.' 3.5 x8.25 2p. (enclosure wanting)

B D25.L1

Printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 136-37 (letter 91). At end of letter is: "About rattle-snake I meant to have added, suppose the bead at end of tail of Trigonocephalus not to be moulted at each exuviation & to grow bigger with each new skin."

181. To [Charles] LYELL; Ilkley Wells H[ouse] Otley Yorkshire

[1859] Dec. 2d.

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 4p.

B D25.L

Printed: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 236-37. p. 237, line 4, add: "I see he [John Crawford] does not even give me credit for knowing anything about the wild Columbidae allied to the Rock-pigeon!" p. 237, lines 9/10, change "several notes from ----" to "second note from [John] Phillips". p. 237, line 12, add: "Can he [Phillips] be staggered & have the fear of Oxford before his eyes." p. 237, line 12, change "X. says he" to "[Thomas Henry] Huxley says Phillips". At end of letter is: "I wish there was any chance of [Joseph] Prestwich being shaken; but I fear he is too much of a catastrophist."

182. To [Charles] LYELL; no location

[1859 December 3] Saturday

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 2p.

B D25.L

First portion printed, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 129 (letter 81). line 3, add: "for he [Robert FitzRoy] wrote to me the other day on population of world not having increased, & in his Voyages there is the pebble theory.¹" At end of this portion is: "What a mixture of conceit & folly, & the greatest newspaper in the world, inserts it!" Next portion printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 239.

Note: 1. Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle..., 3v. Vol. II: Proceedings of the Second Expedition, 1831-1836 (London: Henry Colburn, 1839).

183. To [?Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Bréau]¹; Down (type 2)²

[1859] Dec. 5th

ALS; 7.25 x4.5 4p.

B D25.42

Thanks for letter of November 19; is "delighted that we agree" in part regarding "mutability of species"; will read [Quatrefages's] correspondence if published; C[harles] Lyell, [Joseph Dalton] Hooker, [William Benjamin] Carpenter, [Thomas Henry] Huxley, and others agree with CD's views; whole first edition [of Darwin, Origin (1859)], 1250 copies, was sold first day; publisher is now printing 3,000 more copies; [Anne-Louise Swanton] Belloc planned to translate Origin into French but found it too technical; knows [Quatrefages] is too busy to translate the book, but could he find a publisher, translator, or eminent naturalist to act as editor; will send copy of "2nd & corrected Edition" to any translator.

Note: 1. Correspondent is clearly French; Quatrefages is the most likely candidate, since he is known to have written an early congratulation to CD for the publication of the Origin. See Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 234.
2. CD was actually in Ilkley; see "Darwin's Journal," 15.

184. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859 December 10] Saturday

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 6p.

B D25.L

Printed: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 239-40. At beginning of letter is: thanks for suggestions [for Origin (1860)]; could not include references on imperfection of geological record [chapter IX]; estimate of 100,000 years for Mississippi deposition is taken from an extract of [Laurent-Guillaume] De Kerninck [sic; de Koninck] or [Étienne-Jules-Adolphe Desmier de Saint-Simon, Vicomte] d'Archaic; will now be more assertive about estimate, since Lyell's estimate agrees;¹ on richness of Purbeck beds, will add "for thickness of beds";² "On Friday I had interview with Sir H[enry] Holland, & found him going immense way with us (ie all Birds from one)--good, as showing how wind blows."; thinks the bigger of Lyell's interesting celts might have been used by those Eskimos who did not have iron to cut holes in ice and to kill glacial elephant and rhinoceros. p. 239, line 1, change "interviews" to "interview", and missing name is "[Richard] Owen". p. 239, line 2, add: "but please repeat nothing. Under garb of great civility, he was inclined to be most bitter & sneering against me. Yet". p. 239, line 4, add: "He was quite savage & crimson at my having put his name with defenders of immutability. When I said that was my impression & that of others, for several had remarked to me, that he would be dead against me: he then spoke of his own position in science & that of all the naturalists in London, `with your [Thomas Henry] Huxleys', with a degree of arrogance I never saw approached." p. 240, line 9, add: "in most sneering tone". p. 240, line 23, add: "Lastly I thanked him him [sic] for Bear & Whale criticism, & said I had struck it out.-- `Oh have you, well I was more struck with this than any other passage; you little know of the remarkable & essential relationship between bears & whales.'...by Jove I believe he thinks a sort of Bear was the grandpapa of Whales!....³ We parted with high terms of consideration; which on reflexion I am almost sorry for. He is the most astounding creature I ever encountered."

Note: 1. For Lyell's estimate, see Lyell, A Second Visit to the United States of North America (London: John Murray, 1849), II, 248ff, esp. 250 and 250n. For Archaic's estimate, see Archaic, "Sur les formations dites pélagiques, et sur la profondeur à laquelle ont dû se déposer les couches de sédiment," Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 14 (1842-1843); 517-25. For CD's passage, of. Origin (1859), 284, and ibid. (1860), 284; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 481-82, sentences 49 and 50.
2. Cf. Darwin, Origin (1859), 303, and ibid. (1860), 304; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 508, sentence 193.
3. Cf. Darwin, Origin (1859), 184, with ibid. (1860), 184; or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 333, sentence 98.

185. To [William Henry SYKES]; Down (type 2)

[1859] Dec. 20th. [end. Ansd. 11/1./59]¹

ALS; 7 3/4 x5; 3p. and end. [C. Darwin, the Distinguished/ Naturalist, Ansd. 11/1./59]

B D25.124

Recommends [Edward] Blyth for position as naturalist on the China Expedition.

Note: 1. Sykes apparently erred in his endorsement date; see letter to Lyell, December 29, 1859, below.

186. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859 December] 22d

ALS; 7 3/4 x4 3/4; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 245-46. p. 246, line 8, add: "What a marvellous geological Noah's ark that fossil tree in N. America was!"

187. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1859 December] 27th [end. Dec 27.1859; pmk. DE 27/ 59]

AL (incomplete); 8.25 x6.5 4p. and env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 53. Harley St./ London/ (W.)], end. [C Darwin/ references to Clift &/ Lyell & Darwins journl. on/ connexion of extinct & existing/ types in S. America./ Dec 27.1859]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: More Letters, I, 133-34. (letter 87). At end of letter is: "I doubt whether [Joseph Dalton] Hooker will succeed (anyhow I tried & failed) in keeping parts of Tropics hot, whilst other parts...[incomplete portion ends here]"

188. To [Charles] L[YELL]; Down.

[1859 December] 29th [wmk. 1859]

AL, S by init.; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Encloses note about [Edward] Blyth, as requested; Lyell should write such a note; also wrote to Col. [William Henry] Sykes;¹ suspects that [Thomas Henry] Huxley is author of article in the Times;² has not read notice in Daily News; has received "civil note" from [Robert] Chambers, containing news of an abstract in Chambers's Journal;³ surprised (and said so to [Richard] Owen) at passage in Lyell's book; has not alluded to supposed British [Trias?] Mammal; believes not that mundane glacial period destroyed "all Tropical production," but that tropical and temperate forms mingled together on the plains during that period, as do [Joseph Dalton] Hooker's Himalayan forms; could give a Mexican example; "Anything on earth I can do in giving references &c &c will be a real pleasure...."; received letter from [James Dwight] Dana, who is "quite disable in his head" from overwork and is resting in Florence.⁴

Note: 1. See letter to Sykes, December 20, 1859, above.
2. Huxley's review of Darwin's Origin appeared in the London Times on December 26, 1859; see also Life and Letters II, 252-55.
3. [Chambers], "Charles Darwin on the Origin of Species," Chambers's Journal, 12 (July-December, 1859): 388-91.
4. See Daniel C. Gilman, The Life of James Dwight Dana (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1899), 177.

189. To [William Hallowes] MILLER; Down (type 2)

[?1859]¹ Dec. 31 [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.178

Very kind of Miller to do work completely; at present, will only publish the general result; measurements at upper thick end of comb are "most trustworthy", since bees "economise every particle of wax" and thus skimp on border cells; is glad that CD not as wrong as feared, even if accuracy was a result of "mere chance"; CD's original rough measurements were made in middle of comb, but recent discouraging measurements were made on border.

Note: 1. This letter appears to follow letters 73 to 75 in More Letters, I, 121-124.

190. To [Charles] L[YELL]; Down.

[1860 January] 4th

AL, S by init.; 8 x5; 2p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 260-61. p. 260, line 7, add: argument in review [of Darwin, Origin (1859)] in Saturday Review is confined to geology, but reviewer gives CD "some perfectly just & severe raps on Knuckles."¹ p. 261, line 2, add: [John Gwyn] Jeffreys sent letter with "nonsense" about non-migration of sea-shells. At end of letter is: will send long letter from H[ewett] C[ottrell] Watson which CD has not read.

Note: 1. See "Darwin's Origin of Species," Sat. Rev., 8 (1859): 775-76.

191. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Jan.10th [pmk. JA11/ 60]

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 5p. and env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 53. Harley St./ London/ (W.)], end. [C. Darwin/ Mortality of/ children./ Man originally an/ hermaphrodite./ Blind genus of/ insect with wide range/ Man & Spencer's/ Psychology.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes and minor omissions: Life and Letters II, 264-66. At beginning of letter is: is answering Lyell point by point; "Parthenogenesis (p. 96) is nothing & I know not why I inserted it in list."¹ p. 265, lines 6/7, remove parentheses around "only vaguely". p. 265, line 23, add: "I am very sorry that [John] Lindley did not write in Gardener's Chronicle."; and, after "Andrew Murray", add: "(the entomologist & dabbler in Botany)".

Note: 1. Cf. Darwin, Origin (1859), 96; and ibid. (1860), 96. Or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 185, lines 128 and 128:b.

192. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Jan 14th [pmk. JA 15/ 60]

ALS; 8.25 x6.5 6p. and env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 53. Harley St./ London/ (W.)], end. [C. Darwin/ Domestic vars of dog &c not/ as Huxley says far eno'/ to be sterile/ Cave insects common to N./ America & Europe./ Hooker on New Zealand/ not united in post-plio-/ cene times with Australia.]

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 266. At beginning of letter is: now that CD knows that [Joseph Dalton] Hooker is its author, has reread review in Gardeners' Chronicle;¹ letter from [John Gwyn] Jeffreys is not worth sending, it says nothing about migration but refers to two papers, one on Testacea;² spoke too strongly about Jeffreys's non-migration views; thinks Jeffreys "far too narrow & decided" in his opposition to [Edward] Forbes; is convinced from littoral shells at Galapagos that such shells have great power of migration; one of grandest points in Hooker's Essay³ is demonstration that New Zealand has not been even nearly continuously united with Australia in recent times. p. 266, line 14, add: "I agree with [Thomas Henry] Huxley that it is a difficulty about no ascertained varieties known to have been raised by man, being sterile together: varieties of same kind, I believe, not rarely prefer pairing together; I have fact on this head. But I think Huxley had not considered my discussion (p. 268 New Edit. [i.e. Darwin, Origin (1860), 268])"; sterility of varieties of Verbascum and of tobaccos are wonderful cases; subject of sterility is "profoundly mysterious"; has been reading Isidore [Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire's] Life⁴ of [his father, Étienne] Geoffroy St. Hilaire, plus the latter's Principes;⁵ thinks latter man was "a rather doubtful maintainer of change of species"; former man has written to CD that he [i.e. Isidore] is "a firm maintainer of such views" and has sent a publication to show this; on Cave insects, difficulty applies chiefly in case of America and Europe, over which the same seeing genera range; if Lyell knows of any miocene or pliocene fossil insect in North America, such fact would make Lyell's hint very valuable. p. 266, line 17, "E." is "Emma [Wedgwood Darwin]". At end of letter is: can Lyell suggest a German translator; Madame [Anne Louise Swanton] Belloc finds [Darwin, Origin (1859)] too difficult to translate into French, but CD has just received letter from Frenchman eager to translate.

Note: 1. See Gdnrs' Chron,, December 31, 1859. For a recent reprint of part of the review, see David L. Hull, Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973), 81-86.
2. Jeffreys, "On the Marine Testacea of the Piedmontese Coast," Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 17 (1856): 155-88.
3. "Introductory Essay," in The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery-Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843..., Pt. III: Flora Tasmaniae, 2v. (London: Lovell Reeve, 1860), I, i-cxxviii.
4. Vie, travaux et doctrine scientifique d'E. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire (Paris: Strasbourg, 1847).
5. Principes de philosophie zoologique... (Paris: Acad. des Sciences, 1830).

193. To [Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Bréau]; Down (type 2)

[?1860] Jan. 21st [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.2

Sorry [Quatrofages] has been ill; thanks for "great Kindness"; man wishing to translate Darwin, [Origin (1859)] is M. [Pierre Theodore Alfred] Talandier, Professor of French at Royal Military College at Sandhurst, who writes well and is clever; if Talandier cannot find a publisher or changes his mind, CD will write to [Quatrefages]; heard that morning from N[orth] America that Darwin, [Origin (1859)] is "exciting considerable attention there amongst the naturalists", but [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz is "very savage at it"; has [Henri] Milne-Edwards read his copy [of Darwin, Origin (1859)] and what is his reaction;¹ are [Quatrefage's] lectures on anthropology² published?

Note: 1. The small portion of this letter dealing with Milne-Edwards has been printed, with minor changes, in two locations: Life and Letters (seventh thousand revised, 1888), II, 235; and More Letters, I, 136 (letter 90).
2. "Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Anthropologie. Cours de M. de Quatrefages," Rev. scient., Paris, 5 (1867-1868): 366-69, 431-38, 450-55, 495-503, 510-18, 528-36, 544-50, 559-64, 579-84, 592-600, 621-31, 655-64, 685-96, 707-12, 720-28, 730-44, and 751-60.

194. To?; Down (type 2)

[1860 January] 29th [end. 1860/ Jan 30; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 2p., end. [1860/ C. Darwin Esqre/ Jan 30]

B D25.114

Thanks for assistance; encloses bank draft; wants "Agassiz Index Generum--it is a one volume Book & distinct from the Nomenclator";¹ [Jean Louis Armand de] Quatrefage[s de Bréau] is sending a book to CD via corr.; please send volumes to 57 Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square.

Note: 1. Apparently a reference to Agassiz, Nomenclatoris Zoologici Index Universalis... (Soloduri: Jent et Gassman, 1848). This was a one-volume supplementary fascicle to Agassiz's Nomenclator Zoologicus....

195. To [Philip Lutley SCLATER]; Down (type 2)

[1860] Feb. 4th [end. Feb. 1860; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 3p. and end. [5214/ C. Darwin/ Feb. 1860/ Abt Birds] (enclosure wanting)

B D25.S

Thanks for list of Galapagos birds; if not too late, will include it in Darwin, Journal of Researches,¹ and will correct Darwin, Origin;² the wren is Sylvicola aureola, figured in [Darwin], Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle;³ have assumed it is confined to the archipelago; is surprised that Zenaida [galapagoensis] probably occurs on mainland; reiterates need for examples of variation of "abnormal parts" of birds, encloses list of examples of same.

Note: 1. See Darwin, Journal of Researches (1860), vii and 378-81.
2. Cf. Darwin, Origin (1860), 391, and ibid. (1861), 422. Or see Peckham, Variorum Origin, 620, lines 61 through 61:c.
3. Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle ([1838]-1843), Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould (1838-1841), 86 and Plate XXVIII.

196. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 February] 12th [wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 4p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 280. At beginning of letter is: sends letters from [Heinrich Georg] Bronn, from Asa Gray, and from [Charles James Fox] Bunbury;¹ has told Bunbury that undulatory theory of light is not a "vera causa"; on glacial distribution, Gray, in his letter, put CD's name before that of [Edward] Forbes, but Forbes deserves priority because he published first, even if CD had written out the notion earlier; will send first part of Gray's "excellent Review"² and notice by Bronn;³ has just heard that, and is pleased that, Bronn will superintend the German translation of Darwin, Origin (1859); leave letters at home of Erasmus [Alvey Darwin]; will be in London "in fortnight". p. 280, line 2, add: "he hardly gave idea of my notions".

Note: 1. See Life and Letters II, 268-73 and 276-80.
2. "Review of Darwin's Theory on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection," Am. J. Sci. (Silliman's J.), 29 (1860): 153-84.
3. Neues Jb. Niner. Geol. Palaont., 1860; 112-16; for a recent English translation, see David L. Hull, Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1973), 118-25.

197. To [Philip Lutley SCLATER]; Down (type 2)

[1860] Feb. 14th [end. Feb. 1860; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x4 3/4; 2p. and end. [5208/ C. Darwin/ Feb. 1860/ About Birds]

B D25.S

Thanks for valuable information [see letter to Sclater dated February 4, 1860, above]; asked G[eorge] R[obert] Gray about Otus [galapagoensis] and Zenaida [galapagoensis];¹ do Strix punctatissima or Pyrocephalus nanus [on the Galapagos] differ in any degree whatever in size and duskiness from same species on mainland?²

Note: 1. Darwin, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle ([1838]-1843), Pt. III: Birds, by John Gould (1838-1841), 32-33, 115-16, and Plates III and XLVI.
2. Ibid., 34-35, 45-46, and Plates IV and VII.

198. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 February] 15th [and] 16th

AL (incomplete); 8.25 x6.5 (enclosures smaller); 4p. and 2p. enc. and 1p. enc.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 284-86. At beginning of letter is: thanks for news; [?Auguste] Bravard's discoveries are magnificent, especially fact of "Palaeotherium Paranense" taken with "Nebraska Palaeotherium"; Bravard has sent two Spanish pamphlets with "strange geological doctrine, of whole enormous Pampean deposit being a subaerial deposit"; Bravard disputes unconvincingly the coembedment of Bahia Blanca fossils and recent shells; whole skeletons, including kneecap, cannot wash from one formation to another. p. 285, line 11, add: "The expression `coincidence' in time & space between new & old species is unfortunate, as he believes, as we do, that new species are very slowly formed." p. 285, line 14, add: believes aberrant Anoa, or so-called antelope, is really small buffalo; work out interesting fact of Loess Man belonging to peculiar group of men; remember that fossil monkey was very manlike in middle Tertiary; will send Asa Gray's review when received from [Joseph Dalton] Hooker.¹ p. 285, line 23, incomplete letter in possession of APS ends at "I wish". First enc. reads as follows: "Many thanks for [Charles James Fox] Bunbury letter received this morning & for your note. I doubt whether I use term Natural Selection more as a Person, than writers use Attraction of Gravity as governing the movement of Planets &c but I suppose I could have avoided the ambiguity. 16th". Second enc. is: hopes Lyell discovers for what the great celts were used, since this bears on civilisation of old natives; [John Stevens] Henslow will visit celt beds in France during spring.

Note: 1. See letter to Lyell dated February 12, 1860, above.

199. To C[harles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860 February] 18th [and 19th; end. Feby 20./ 1860; pmk. FE20/60; wmk. 1859]

ALS; 8 x5; 10p. and fragment of env., add. [Sir C. Lyell/ 53. Harley St./ London/ (W.)], end. [C. Darwin/ Asa Gray's/ review of-/ Harveys Monstrosity/ in Bigonia/ Bronn/ Feby 20./ 1860]

B D25.L

Printed in full, with minor changes: More Letters, I, 140-43 (letter 95). p. 142, line 19, change "polypus" to "polyps". p. 142, line 28, change "a future" to "any future". p. 143, line 13, change "at most" to "almost".
Small portion also printed in Life and Letters II, 275.

200. To [Charles] LYELL; Down (type 2)

[1860] Feb. 23d

ALS; 8.5 x6.5 6p.

B D25.L

Printed, with minor changes: Life and Letters II, 289-91. p. 289, line 10, add: [Joseph Dalton] Hooker will answer [William Henry] Harvey's notice [in Gardeners' Chronicle] if [John] Lindley [the editor] will permit;¹ Lyell can see this answer when at Down [March 9-13]; on issue of abrupt changes, case of Aspicarpa, like that of the differences between outer and inner florets of compositous and umbelliferous plants, is important case of modification of very important characters by correlation of growth, but it is not a case of abrupt origin of new forms; has tried to find cases of the latter but found only one "apparent case" in the Campanulaceae; concerning animals, besides case of monstrous goldfish,² has case of monstrous eels examined by [Jean Louis Rodolphe] Agassiz, but is unsure of this case; "On the whole I still feel excessively doubtful whether such abrupt changes have more than very rarely taken place." p. 290, line 12, add: does not understand [Heinrich Georg] Bronn's quote about Lyell; has read of infusorial experiments in Paris rejected as inaccurate by [Jean Louis Armand de] Quatrefage[s de Bréau]; similar old experiments were performed more carefully in Germany, with negative results.

Note: 1. See: Life and Letters II, 274-76; and Gdnrs' Chron., February 18, 1860.
2. See More Letters, I, 141 (letter 95).